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JAPAN
OUTLINE Background Information & Development History
(by Naoto)
Educational system & Educational Issues
(by Hiro)
Background Information(1)Area Size 377,887 sq km
Population (density) 127million (341.8 per sq km)
Ethnic groups Japanese (99%), others(Aynu:23000, Ryukyu, Korean, Chinese)
Language Japanese ( 日本語 )
Literacy Rate 99%
Background Information(2)Life Expectancy Rate (2003)
78.07(male) / 84.93(female)
Infant Mortality Rate (2003)
3.1 per 1000 live births (2003)
GDP $3.651 trillion (PPP 2002)
GDP per capita $28,700 (PPP 2002)
GDP growth rate 0.2%
$0$5,000
$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000$35,000$40,000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
GNI per capita real GDP growth
Background Information(3)Exports $383.8 billion (2002)
Imports $292.1 billion (2002)
ODA $9.3 billion (2002)
Defence Expenditure
6 % of Total Government Expenditure (1% of GDP)
Unemployment Rate
5.3% (2003)
Development History (1)
Edo (Tokugawa) Period [1603-1868] National Isolation Policy Primary enrolment rate (male 79%, female 21%) & estimated Literacy rate (male 40-50%, female 15%)
Domestic Industry
Development History (2) Pre-War period [1868-1945] Meiji Restoration - open the country – Modernisation Basic education & Moral Education (Confucian) *primary school enrolment was over 90% in 1902
Slogans – Japanese Spirits, Western Skills & Western Science, Eastern Morals
Development History (3) Post-war period [1945-] Devastation of the Nation - Restructuring every social systems (Centralised governance structure) Rapid economic growth (1960s-70s) - Strong back up of USA (Cold War), WB
Environmental Problems - four major environmental deteriorations(1960s)