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DNV GL © 2017
Ungraded
22 November 2016 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 2017
Ungraded
28th February 2017
Petter Ellingsen
1
Japan-Norway Hydrogen seminar
“Collaboration within hydrogen future market and value chain”
DNV GL © 2017
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22 November 2016
Content
Brief introduction to DNV GL
How the properties of hydrogen affect hydrogen safety
Applicable standards, regulations and guidelines for fuel cell
installation in ships
Summary
2
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Global reach – Local competence
3
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Our vision: Global impact for a safe and sustainable future
4
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6
HySafe – NoE (2004-2009)
Project Goal: Safe introduction of hydrogen technologies and applications
DNV led the Risk Management Cluster and activities on
– Risk Assessment
– Risk assessment methodologies
– Acceptance criteria
– Risk based determination of safety distances and zone classification
– HIAD - Development of Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database
DNV activities:
– HyQRA – developed reference QRA models
– Biennial Report Hydrogen Safety
– Dispersion, combustion and explosion modelling,
benchmarking and validation of CFD tools
– International Conference Hydrogen Safety
– Regulation, Codes and Standards
– Mitigation, material compatibility and structural integrity
– Development of Hydrogen Safety Information System – HySafe – IS
DNV GL © 2017
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Density
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Density at 20oC and 100 kPa [kg/m3]
Hydrogen (H2)
Helium (He)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrogen (N2)
7
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Diffusion in air
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Diffusion coefficient in air [cm2/s]
Hydrogen (H2)
Helium (He)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrogen (N2)
8
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Energy content
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Lower heating value [MJ/kg]
Hydrogen (H2)
Helium (He)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrogen (N2)
9
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22 November 2016
Flammability range
4 5.31.7 1
75
17
10.96
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Hydrogen Methane Propane Gasoline
Lower flammability limit
Upper flamability limit
10
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22 November 2016
Minimum ignition energy
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Minimum ignition energy [mJ]
Hydrogen (H2)
Methane (CH4) Propane
(C3H8)
Gasoline (C8H18)
11
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22 November 2016
Safe design principles for maritime enclosed rooms with explosive gas
12
Pipe in pipe
Small pipe segments and reliable shutdown
valves
Optimized gas detection
Ventilation at optimal place and rate
Inert gas system
Explosion suppression agents
Vent panels designed for explosion relief to
safe location
Structural strength to withstand pressures
Keep room large
Keep room uncongested
Reliability and maintenance
Gives good air
ventilation
Reduces explosion
pressure build-up
Avoid
possibilities for
high pressures
Minimize gas leak
volumes
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Strategy for safe design of hydrogen vessel
Start early at concept stage when rough sketches of vessel is available
Run a Technology Qualification/HAZID/Blast workshop
– Include yard, designers, authorities so all are on same page
– Back up with modelling and experiments as needed
Run iterative modelling rounds to optimize safety systems and design
– Deterministic modelling as long as worst case design can be used
– Probabilistic modelling if worst case gives too high pressure
Fundamental modelling and experimental research on effects of safety systems
can start before a ship design is selected
13
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Technology Qualification Process
14
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Short summary of regulative status
16
Maritime Fuel Cell Systems
Requirements for on-board energy generation systems Fuel specific requirements
IGF code entered into force Jan. 1st 2017
Contains detail requirements for natural gas as fuel only, and
internal combustion engines, boilers and gas turbines
Most classification
societies have
established Rules
covering fuel cells
and to some extent
low flashpoint
liquids
Work started on technical provisions for methyl-/ethyl- alcohols as
fuel and fuel cells
Alternative Design Approach
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Summary and conclusions
The overall safety level shall be equivalent to that achieved with conventional oil-
fuelled main and auxiliary machinery (IGF, A, 3.2.1)
A risk assessment shall be conducted (IGF, A, 4.2)
Explosion analysis/analyses shall be conducted (IGF, A, 4.3)
All participants in the project should familiarize with MSC.1/Circ.1455, the IGF
Code and the Class Rules.
DNVGL has recently done a Study on the use of fuel cells in shipping for the
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA).
– The report consists of three parts:
– Fuel Cell technology and -projects
– Regulations and Gaps
– Safety and Risk analysis
17
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GAP analysis over Rules, Regulations and Guidelines
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Summary
Hydrogen can be safe – technology is available in all parts of the industry
Real properties of hydrogen should be considered and assessed in design
There are gaps related to regulatory framework
Decision support and conceptual choices,
– “Hydrogen ready”?
– Risk management and safety studies: For safe design and approval
– Technology Qualification
20
DNV GL © 2017
Ungraded
22 November 2016
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank you!
21
Petter Ellingsen
+82 (0) 10 5340 1721
