JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER

Commodore Matthew Perry visits Japan

• 1853: Force Japan to end policy of isolationism

• 1854: Treaty of Kanagawa– trading rights

– extraterritoriality

– other Western countries open up trade w/ Japan

– “unequal treaties”

Japanese view of CommodorePerry

Treaty of Kanagawa

• Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan.

• Opening of two ports to American ships at Shimoda and Hakodate

• Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and protection for shipwrecked persons

• Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

Below is a list of some of the gifts each nation presented to the other. Put a "J" next to the gifts presented by the

Japanese and an "A" next to the ones presented by the Americans to the Japanese.

• Lifeboats

• Clocks

• Silk

• Farm Tools

• Unusual sea shells

• Telegraph wire

• Porcelain tea sets

• Telescope

• Lacquer boxes and trays

• Umbrellas

• Whiskey/wines

• Jars of soy sauce

• Miniature railroad

• Pistols/swords

•  

MEIJI RESTORATION (1868)• Meiji means “enlightened

rule”• Shogun steps down• Restored Emperor• “Honor the emperor and expel

the barbarians”• “Enrich the country, strengthen

the military”• Scholars sent to the West to

learn gov’t, industry, military

Changes under the MEIJI

• Parliament (Diet)• taxes rose• education improved• improve infrastructure• feudalism abolished• Rise of ZAIBATSU• becomes economic /

industrial power

JAPANESE Expansion in ASIA• ended “unequal treaties”

• 1895: Sino-Japanese War: defeated China to gain control of Korea and Taiwan

• 1905: defeated Russia in Russo-Japanese War– *first time an Asian nation defeats a

European power– gained Manchuria

• NEED for raw materials

• sought equal political standing w/ WEST

Growth of Extreme Nationalism• 1929: Great Depression hurts

Japanese economy• 1931: conquest of Manchuria• rise of MILITARISM: mission was

to free Asian nations from western imperialism

• 1940: Japan joins Axis Powers– USA places oil/supply embargo on

Japan

– Japan/US negotiate to avoid war

– Dec. 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

ISLAND HOPPING I/T PACIFIC

• To stop Japanese expansion

• Japan depended on secure oceanic routes for food & raw materials

• Battle of Midway: June 3-7, 1942– turning point o/t war

– 4 Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed

– 1 US carrier destroyed

USS YORKTOWN (CV-5)

MidwayIsland

ISLAND HOPPING

• SEABEEs: Navy construction battalions– cleared forests and

build airstrips

• Amphibious Assaults– new war tactics

– Marines: ship to land assaults

– supported by aircraft and naval gunfire

ISLAND HOPPING

• Battle of Peleliu Island• 15 Sept - 12 Oct 44• to capture an airstrip• over 12,000 US lives

lost• over 10,000 Japanese

lives lost

USS PELELIU (LHA 5)

BATTLE OF IWO JIMA

• 19 Feb -26 Mar 45• 6,800 Americans KIA• 20,000 “ wounded• 21,000 Japanese KIA

– almost every single soldier

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS• 6 May 42: The PI fall to Japan

– Gen. Douglas MacArthur promises to return

• BATAAN Death March– 76,000 Allies surrender

– 5,000 perish on death march

– thousands more die in POW camps

• Return t/t Philippines 1944-45– 50,000 Japanese KIA

– 3,504 Americans KIA

– Battle of Leyte Gulf • largest naval battle of WWII

– KAMIKAZE pilots appear

Bataan Death March65 mile trek

BATTLE OF OKINAWA

• 1 Apr - 22 June 45• 12,500 Americans KIA• 110,000 Japanese KIA• 1,900 Kamikaze missions against

US naval fleet• Japanese commander commits

seppuku (suicide)• Japanese battleship YAMATO is

sunk– 2800 Japanese die w/ ship

– Largest battleship i/t world

YAMATO

WWII against Japan: HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI

• US Island Hopping• Enola Gay drops 1st

Atomic bomb on Hiroshima (6Aug45)– 80,000 killed

• 2nd Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki (9Aug45)– 40,000 killed

The Enola Gay

Hiroshima

Hiroshima

USS INDIANAPOLIS

Nagasaki: Before the blast

Nagasaki: After the blast

Nagasaki

???

DID THE USA NEED TODROP TWO ATOMIC BOMBSON JAPAN TO END WWII?