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JAPAN. GEOGRAPHY. ARCHIPELAGO – Chain of Islands Over 4000 islands, 1200 miles long 4 MAIN ISLANDS: HOKKAIDO HONSHU SHIKOKU KYUSHU. JAPAN. Many Natural Disasters: EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES TSUNAMIS. JAPAN. Many Mountains – 85% only 12% farmland - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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JAPAN
GEOGRAPHY
ARCHIPELAGO – Chain of IslandsOver 4000 islands, 1200 miles long4 MAIN ISLANDS:HOKKAIDOHONSHUSHIKOKUKYUSHU
JAPAN
Many Natural Disasters:EARTHQUAKESVOLCANOESTSUNAMIS
JAPAN
Many Mountains – 85% only 12% farmlandLack of FARMLAND & NATURAL ResourcesBecause of this Japan has had to:FISH, IMPORT FOOD, TERRACE FARMInfluenced by CHINA
EARLY JAPAN
Start of “IMPERIAL” TraditionSmall Areas - ClansMOST POWERFUL – YAMATO{Around A.D. 500 gain control establish themselves as royal family of Japan} Ruler- EMPEROR
EMPEROR
Claimed to be descendant of SUN GODDESSThe word JAPAN comes from Chinese word “ri-ben” meaning:“Land of the Rising Sun”
JAPANESE FEUDALISM
Japan developed a feudal system – LOCALIZED rule by regional families and clans, as well as by the shogun (war lords)
Decrease in the power of the EMPEROR The shogun ruled the country through the
DAIMYO, who were the heads of the samurai. Peasants farmed the land in exchange for
protection by the SAMURAI, who operated under a code of conduct known as BUSHIDO
FEUDAL STRUCTURE
Emperor – figurehead – no POLITICAL power
Shogun – MILITARY dictatorDaimyo –powerful WARLORDS
{large landowners}Samurai – loyal WARRIORS
FEUDAL JAPAN
SAMURAI
Samurai - “THOSE WHO SERVE” - Protected JapanBUSHIDO – “way of the warrior” strict code of
behavior code involved loyalty, bravery, courage, honor
If Samurai did not live up to the code expected to commit:
SEPPUKU – ritual suicide{Dying an HONORABLE death more important than long life}
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE
Around 1600 Powerful DAIMYO – Tokugawa Ieyasu united Japan under one rule
Brought PEACE & STABILITY for 300 yearsTokugawa Ieyasu became sole ruler of
JapanSet up capital city at Edo (later city is
renamed TOKYO
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE
1603 – 1868Period of: Stability, Prosperity, IsolationStructured SocietyFarmers produced more FOOD Population INCREASEDMost peasants led lives filled with miseryCulture Flourished – HAIKU poems KABUKI Theatre
TOKUGAWA IEYASU
Established – “CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY”
1638 – Banned FOREIGN MerchantsProhibited Japanese traveling OUTSIDE
countryStrict period of ISOLATIONLasted over 200 years
CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
WHY INSTITUTED?Did not like EUROPEAN ideasConcerned EUROPEANS would colonize
JapanWorried over CHRISTIAN missionaries {eventually eliminated CHRISTIANITY}
CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
POSITIVES - most trade INTERNAL kept culture & traditions
NEGATIVES – fell behind TECHNOLOGICALLY