Japan

The forgotten Holocaust:

Japanese War Crimes in WWII

Japan in WWII

What do the Japanese want in Asia?

What resources does a country need to be a powerful country?

Why even think about attacking the United States?

Why would you want to do a

sneak attack and throw the first punch?

Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire

The Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia

They were super nationalistic – BANZAI! Die for their country Believed the Emperor was a god

In the late 1800s they modernized and militarized

Japan had the largest, best equipped army, navy and airforce

They defeated Russia in a war in 1905 and took colonies in Korea and China

Solution to solving their country’s economic problems?

TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources

In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it

Later, they attacked all of China

Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire

Similar to the fascists in Italy and Germany the Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia

Solution to solving their country’s economic problems

TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources

How? : MILITARIZE!!! – build ships, airplanes, submarines, tanks, etc.

In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it

Later, they attacked all of China

The only military threat they saw to their dreams of Empire was the United States navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Historical Background Origins “Nippon” Migration-”pure” Asians Emperor Proud/nationalistic Sacrifice for country Written language Religion of Shintoism Bushido (code of the warrior) Beautiful death Kamikaze

Why modernize and expand?? Keep pace with the

European Imperialists (our own Asian Empire)

Militarism and shipbuilding puts people to work

We’re an island – we need our own “lebensraum”

Manchuria, China has lots land, minerals and resources

The Dutch East Indies have OIL!!!!

Our only serious threat is the U.S. Navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because …

1. the US had the only navy that could threaten their plans in Asia

2. The US controlled the Philippines and would probably get involved anyway

3. throwing a surprise “first punch” and sinking a big part of the US fleet would give Japan a head start in their conquest of Asia

Pearl Harbor Sunday morning December 7th

1941 3:00 a.m. Japanese sub

periscope seen 6:10 1st wave 183 Japanese

planes take off 6:45 a.m U.S. destroyer sinks

Japanese mini-sub trying to enter Pearl Harbor but commanding officer is playing golf so doesn’t get the message until later

7:03 Radar operators pick up 50 or more planes coming in – supervisors say that it is a group of B-17s flying in from California

7:55 Japanese planes start bombing airplanes at Hickman field

8:10 Japanese planes reach Pearl Harbor and start bombing

8:54 second wave of 167 planes reach Hawaii and continue bombing

Results of the attack on Pearl Harbor The attack sank four battleships (two of

which were raised and returned to service late in the war) and damaged four more.

Only the battleships U.S.S. Arizona, Utah and Oklahoma were lost -

The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer

18 ships in total 188 planes destroyed 2, 390 killed (over 1,000) on the Arizona 1,178 wounded Japanese lost 29 planes

BUT the Japanese Did NOT get the aircraft carriers Yorktown

and Enterprise Japan failed to blow up the Fuel storage

tanks that held 190 million gallons Did not destroy docks and maintenance

yards

Most feel that the Attack was a huge mistake

It wasn’t all that damaging and It brought a PISSED OFF AMERICA in

The USS Enterprise/USS Yorktown

The USS Arizona: then and now

Anti-Japanese propaganda

Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire

Similar to the fascists in Italy and Germany the Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia

Solution to solving their country’s economic problems

TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources

How? : MILITARIZE!!! – build ships, airplanes, submarines, tanks, etc.

In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it

Later, they attacked all of China

The only military threat they saw to their dreams of Empire was the United States navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Closing Activity: Finish these sentences

1. Japan’s goals in Asia were… 2. The reason Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

was… 3. Some details about Pearl Harbor were… 4. Places that Japan attacked after Pearl

Harbor were 5.

Douglas MacArthur: The Supreme Allied

Commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific.

Was ordered to leave the Philippines when the Japanese invadedcommented when he was leaving

“I shall return” He did!

Bataan Death March: 90,000 American and Philippino soldiers forced to walk 70 miles to prison camps in the north. 10,000 died

BELLWORK Thursday, April 1st

Quotes of the Week:

“To the victor go the spoils” – old saying

What to do: Prepare an answer for these

questions 1. who was the supreme

allied commander of forces in the Pacific?

2. what’s the story of his quote, “I shall return” ?

3. What was the American strategy in the Pacific?

4. How were the Japanese extreme?

Battle of Midway Huge 3 day naval

battle between Japan and USA.

Planes did all the fighting

Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers

Japan’s westward advance is stopped

Turning point in the naval battle for the Pacific

Battle of Midway Huge 3 day naval

battle between Japan and USA.

Planes did all the fighting

Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers

Japan’s westward advance is stopped

Turning point in the naval battle for the Pacific

“Island hopping” “hopping” over

heavily defended islands and taking smaller islands to use as bases to advance their way closer to the Japanese mainland

An island is an “unsinkable aircraft carrier”

B-29 “flying fortresses” bombers

Iwo Jima

Iwo Jima

Native American Code talkers

Upon arriving to America as a refugee fleeing Hitler

Albert Einstein wrote a letter to FDR informing him of the German work on an Atomic bomb.

FDR offered Einstein leadership over the “Manhattan Project” the U.S. project to develop an atomic bomb before the Germans

Einstein declined

Sadly, FDR died on April 12th 1945 just 18 days before Hitler killed himself. His vice-president Harry Truman became president and made the decision to drop the Atom bomb on Japan

July 1945- The first atomic test explosion in the desert of New Mexico

“little boy” the bomb dropped on

Hiroshima and its effects

“little boy” the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and its effects

HIROSHIMA On August 6, 1945 the

nuclear weapon Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by Enola Gay, a U.S. Air Force B-29 bomber which was altered specifically to hold the bomb, killing an estimated 80,000 people and heavily damaging 80% of the city.

In the following months, an estimated 60,000 more people died.

“fat man” the Atomic Bomb dropped over Nagasaki

Nagasaki On 9 August 1945, Nagasaki was the target of the

world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was destroyed and an estimated 39,000 people were killed outright with another 75,000 believed to have died of bomb-related causes in the decades that followed. The Nagasaki bomb, code-named "Fat Man", dropped by the Boeing B-29 Bockscar was more powerful (22 kilotons of TNT as opposed to 15) than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima three days earlier ("Little Boy"), and was an implosion-type plutonium bomb, whereas the Hiroshima bomb was a gun-type uranium bomb. The primary target for attack was Kokura, but the bomber pilot found it to be covered in cloud. The industrial areas outside Nagasaki were the secondary target and so, despite a more powerful bomb, the devastation visited upon Nagasaki was less severe than that experienced by Hiroshima, owing to Nagasaki's mountainous topography.

Use It! / No, don’t Use it 1.US submarines are surrounding and starving Japan 2.It will make the US look barbaric and uncivilized 3.The Japanese tortured and raped their prisoners 4. A demonstration might scare Japan 5.An invasion of Japan will cost too many Americans 6. It will screw up the environment 7. Russia is going to come and take land in Asia 8. It cost over a billion dollars to make 9. It will actually save more Japanese lives 10.Hitler is defeated. Britain and Russia are coming to

help the US – Japan is alone

To Drop or not to drop FOR dropping the bomb Japan never surrenders Japan rejected the ultimatum

to surrender “or else” It will end the war quickly Prevent an bloody invasion of

Japanese mainland Payback – Karma It will save lives (both sides) Spent billions – curiosity Scare the Russians and show

the world who’s “top dog”

AGAINST dropping the bomb

Make the US look “barbaric, savage, brutal, dirty, sick”

Japan was surrounded The whole world was against

Japan Radiation Screw up the environment Innocent people Info that Japan was talking

about surrender Over the top “evil” The scientists were saying

that we should give a demonstration

"...the Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing." Dwight D. Eisenhower - commander at D-DayWhat, I asked, would his advice have been? He replied that he saw no military justification for the dropping of the bomb. The war might have ended weeks earlier, he said, if the United States had agreed, as it later did anyway, to the retention of the institution of the emperor." Norman Cousins, The Pathology of Power, pg. 65, 70-71.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg

The Japanese surrender and MacArthur takes over in Japan

MacArthur was the leader of the American occupation of Japan

He de militarized Japan Helped them write a new

constitution Helped revive their

economy Made Emperor Hirohito

admit that he wasn’t a god

August 11th 1945 Japanese Emperor Hirohito announces that Japan will surrender – ending WWII

Japanese war Crime trials

Warrior Traditions

The Nanking Massacre December 13th 1937 –

February 3rd 1938 6 weeks of war,

murder, rape, and heroics

The Beginning of the horror

Massive bombing No prisoners (90,000) First kills “bayonet practice”

Twisted thinking

Sport Japanese commanders

used "killing competitions" as a way to boost morale. They organized news reporters to appraise the winners 2nd Lieutenants Mukai and Noda, who killed 105 and 106 Chinese people, respectively

Children

Perversion: conservative

estimates put the number of rapes at about 20,000

The math of that is about 476 rapes a day

Most women were simply killed afterwards

John Rabe: The good Nazi The year was 1937 –

The Nazis hadn’t started their attacks yet.

Eyewitness Set up a safety zone Saved thousands of

lives

Other sick perversions Japanese “doctors”

conducted hundreds of “experiments” on prisoners

They also tested a number of biological and chemical weapons on China. Turning loose thousands of plague infested rats in cities in China

WMDs that included: plague, typhus, cholera, anthrax, poisoning wells

Why?