January 28, 2014

1. New Seating Chart 2. Unit VI Introduction- The Early Cold War

and the 1950’s3. The Cold War: Introduction Video4. Vocab: 26.1 The Cold War Begins5. Midterm Exam and Quarter 2 Grades6. Current Event due Friday

Unit VI

Unit VI The Cold War & the 1950’s

(1945-1960)Chapters 26 & 27

26.1ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

Chapter 26The Cold War Begins

1945-1960

A Clash of Interests

• Two Superpowers after WWII: USA and the Soviet Union.

• Relations between the two broke down after WWII.

• Beyond opposition against Nazi Germany, they had nothing in common.

• 1945-1990: Rivalry called the Cold War.• Struggle between the US and the USSR

that spread throughout the world.• World-wide clash of capitalism vs.

communism…democracy vs. dictatorship

• Contained everything but war.

Yalta Conference• Yalta: Feb.1945: FDR,

Stalin, and Churchill met.

1. Established United Nations.

2. Division of Germany into four zones after WWII: France, Britain, Soviet Union and USA.

3. Stalin promised free elections in Soviet occupied countries of Eastern Europe after WWII.

4. Russia’s promise to help US against Japan.

Iron Curtain

• Eastern European countries Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and East Germany became satellite nations of Soviet Union.

Potsdam Conference

• Potsdam: Truman, Churchill, Stalin: July, 1945 (Germany has surrendered): Stalin refused to allow free elections in the satellite nations.

• Stalin also wanted reparation payments from Germany.• Truman wanted Germany rebuilt, capitalist, and a

democracy.• So Germany officially divided in half: • West Germany-Democracy and capitalist (controlled

by Allies.)• East Germany (Communist and controlled by Soviet

Union.)

Germany After WWII

January 29, 2014

1. 26.2 Notes (part 1)2. Video: Berlin Airlift and

Alliances3. 26.2 Vocabulary

26.2: Early Cold War Years

• American policy against communism is containment: keeping communism within its existing borders.

• Requires full commitment of U.S. economic, political and military power.

Containing Communism• 1947: Greece

and Turkey battled against communist revolutions.

• Congress gave $400 million in aid.

• Truman promised aid to any nation struggling against communism: Truman Doctrine.

Marshall

Plan • European Recovery

Program led by Secretary of State.George Marshall

• U. S. extended aid to European nations that need it after WWII to fight against hunger, poverty, desperation, etc.

• $13 billion to Western Europe.

• Aid extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, but Stalin rejected.

• 2 MAIN motivating factors:

1. Helping Europe recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American industry.

2. A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism.

• Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII

Berlin Blockadeand Airlift•1948: West Germany became prosperous due to the Marshall Plan.• Stalin feared this would hurt Soviet security in East Germany.•In 1948, he blocked highway and railway traffic from West Germany to West Berlin.•With no way of receiving aid, West Berlin would fall to the USSR.•Containment would fail •For 1 year, U.S. and Great Britain supplied people of West Berlin through an airlift.•Food, fuel, medical supplies, clothing, etc. flown into West Berlin.

Alliances• 1949: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty

Organization) Military alliance formed to fight Soviet expansion.

• Originally consisted of 12 western European and North American countries.

• Soviet Union and its’ satellite nations formed alliance called Warsaw Pact.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

United States

Belgium

Britain

Canada

Denmark

France

Iceland

Italy

Luxemburg

Netherlands

Norway

Portugal

Spain

Greece

Turkey

West Germany

Warsaw Pact

} U. S. S. R.

} Albania

} Bulgaria

} Czechoslovakia

} East Germany

} Hungary

} Poland

} Rumania

The Korean War 1950-1953• Civil War in China

since the 1920’s before Japanese invasion and WWII.

• Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek.

• Communists led by Mao Zedong.

• Civil War continued after WWII.

• U.S. sent billions to help Nationalists after WWII.

• But by 1949, Communists captured capital city Beijing.

• Nationalists fled to Taiwan.

• Mao Zedong established communist People’s Republic of China in 1949.

• Containment failed in China.

• 1950: China signs alliance with Soviet Union.

The Korean War 1950-1953

• Japan occupied Korea before and during WWII.

• After WWII, Allies divide Korea at 38th parallel.

• Soviet Union controlled the North; U.S. controlled the South.

• Communist government in North Korea led by Kim-il Sung.

• Anti-Communist government in South Korea: Syngman Rhee.

• Both claimed to be rightful government of Korea.

• North Korea built large military with help from the Soviet Union.

• North Korea capital city: Pyongyang.

• South Korea capital city: Seoul.

• June, 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea.

The Korean War 1950-1953• Truman ordered U.S. military into action (led UN coalition)• Douglas MacArthur commanded U.S. troops in Korea.• North Korean military drove American and South Korean

forces to Pusan.• Americans fought hard trapped at Pusan Perimeter until

reinforcements arrived.• Sept., 1950: MacArthur ordered surprise invasion at

Inchon.• North Koreans forced to retreat back across 38th parallel.• MacArthur and Americans soon pushed North Koreans to

Yalu River; border with China.

The Korean War 1950-1953• Nov. 1950: China launched attack across Yalu River.

• Hundreds of thousands of Chinese drove American and UN forces back across 38th parallel.

• Truman begins talks of peace settlement.• Angers MacArthur: didn’t want to “cut a deal” after so

many of his men were killed.• He wanted to invade China and use atomic weapons.• Truman refused.• MacArthur publicly criticized him.• April, 1951: Truman fired MacArthur: insubordination.• Truman favored limited war: fought with objective of

containing communism.• Aug.1951- US and UN forces pushed Chinese and North

Koreans back across 38th parallel.• War settled down and became stalemate with little fighting

for next two years.• July, 1953: Armistice (cease fire) signed.• Over 35,000 Americans died in battle.• 1.5 million Chinese and North Koreans killed.