January 2008, Washington The CityMobil programme: an overview Professor Tony May University of Leeds, England January 2008, Washington

January 2008, Washington

The CityMobil programme:The CityMobil programme:an overviewan overview

Professor Tony MayUniversity of Leeds, England


Automated transport systemsAutomated transport systems

• Cybercars– Driverless vehicles, electronic

guideways• Personal rapid transit

– Driverless vehicles,– Segregated guideways

• High tech buses– Electronic guideways– Driven on city streets

• Dual mode vehicles– Automated following– Driven on city streets

• Advanced city cars– Small, low emission– With ADAS facilities


The CityMobil projectThe CityMobil project

• An Integrated Project within the EC FP6 programme

• Funded by EC DG Research• €11m funding; 40% on demonstrators, 60%

research• Led by TNO (Netherlands)

– With 28 partners from 12 countries• Five years from May 2006• www.citymobil-project.eu


CityMobil: ObjectivesCityMobil: Objectives

• To achieve more effective organisation of urban transport– With more rational use of motorised traffic– Less congestion, pollution, accidents– Higher quality of life– Better integration with spatial development

• Through the application of new technologies – For passengers and freight

• Drawing on past European research– On new technologies: Netmobil (www.netmobil.org)– On land use and transport strategies: LUTR

(www.lutr.net)


CityMobil: Project structureCityMobil: Project structure


Demonstrations and Demonstrations and city studiescity studies

– Three major demonstrators• Cybercars: Rome• PRT: Heathrow• High Tech Buses: Castellon (Spain)

– A series of showcases• Two week demonstrations to increase public understanding• Daventry (UK), Trondheim (No): Cybercars• La Rochelle (Fr), Genoa (It): Advanced City Cars

– Predictive studies of four cities– Desk studies of two or three more cities– A Reference Group of 22 cities across Europe


TheThe Rome Rome demonstratordemonstrator

• Cybercar service linking car park to new exhibition centre• Basic characteristics

– Total route length: 1617 m– 1 roadway with 2 lanes– Roundabouts at either end– 12 stops (max 100m from parking) with automatic doors– Six vehicles– Regular headway service making all stops– 12 emergency exits (maximum distance:70m)– Control centre and depot

• Potential for more flexible service later, subject to Ministry approval


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NORTH ENTRANCE

EAST ENTRANCE

CTS DEPOT

MAIN PEDESTRIAN PATHS

CTS ROUTES

EMERGENCY EXITS

CTS STOPS

CTS FACILITIES

CONTROLCENTRE

The car park layoutThe car park layout

TAVOLA 3 – PARCHEGGIO P1 CONRETE CTS

The Heathrow demonstratorThe Heathrow demonstrator

• PRT system linking long stay car parks to new Terminal 5– A pre-trial for Heathrow wide application– To replace all shuttle buses

• Using ULTra technology– Battery operated 4 seat vehicles– Light weight guideway

• System specification– 16 vehicles– Station to station service (no stops)– On demand, low maximum waiting time

• Opening early 2009, after 12 months with shuttle buses


The Heathrow networkThe Heathrow network


The prototype vehicleThe prototype vehicle


The prototype vehicleThe prototype vehicle


Station layout on the test Station layout on the test tracktrack


The CastellThe Castellóón n demonstratordemonstrator

• High Tech Bus corridor– From university to city centre– And subsequently along the coast

• Automated guideway in central section– Using optical guidance

• Driver-operated on some sections of route• Electric vehicles• First section open in 2008


The Castellón networkThe Castellón network


The Castellon vehiclesThe Castellon vehicles


The Daventry showcaseThe Daventry showcase


Future scenarios: objectives Future scenarios: objectives and work packagesand work packages

• Principal objective:– Assessing how automated transport systems

• Fit into scenarios for urban transport• Contribute to sustainability

• Work Packages1.State of the Art Report 2.Context and application scenarios3.Predictive models and case studies4.Business case models5.Guidelines for safety, security and privacy


Specification of context Specification of context scenariosscenarios

Mixed predictability

Low influence Mixed influence High influence

High predictability

3 macro elements 6 macro elements 5 macro elements

2 macro elements 4 macro elements 3 macro elements

Low predictability

1 macro element 7 macro elements


The high influence macro The high influence macro elementselements

• High predictability– Population ageing; Share of urban population– Growing congestion; Growing road safety concerns– Growing air pollution, noise and global warming

• Medium predictability– GDP growth; Investment in automated technologies and interactions between

them– Increased energy efficiency

• Low predictability– Fuel prices– Awareness of global warming and sustainability concerns– Revitalisation of inner city centres; Land use planning– Transport/ICT infrastructure; Transport pricing and taxation; Urban freight

terminals


Passenger mobility conceptsPassenger mobility concepts


Application scenarios:Application scenarios:principal passenger applicationsprincipal passenger applications

• Cybercars– Public transport in inner city*– Public transport feeder in low density areas*

• Personal Rapid Transit– Public transport in inner city*– Shuttle from parking facility

• High Tech Bus– Dedicated lanes on radial corridors*

• Dual Mode Vehicles– Dedicated E-lanes on corridors, networks*

• Advanced City Cars– Permitted vehicles in city centres

*Applications to be modelled


The City Application The City Application ManualManual• Designed to guide cities considering new technologies• Potentially based on Decision-Makers’ Guidebook• Possible outline:

– Scenarios– Identifying suitable options– Estimating patronage– Illustrative predictive results– High level appraisal – Illustrative appraisal results– Barriers and ways of overcoming them– Guidance on detailed design – Possible micro-simulation examples

• Planned for late 2008


The role of the predictive The role of the predictive teststests

• To assess the likely contribution to urban transport policy objectives of each of the four technologies– If applied at a significant scale – In representative European cities

• To contribute to an ex ante evaluation of these technologies • To complement ex post evaluations of specific applications

– Cybercars in the new Rome exhibition centre– PRT in London Heathrow– High tech buses on a corridor in Castellon, Spain– A series of smaller showcase applications


The focus of the predictive testsThe focus of the predictive tests

• Four cities– Selected to be reasonably representative of different city types

in Europe– With commonly specified policy tests and appraisal in all four

to permit comparison of the potential for each technology in each city

– But with additional tests of city-specific options and appraisal weightings

• The four cities– Almere (NL) (250k): a new city expanding to 400k– Gateshead (UK) (300k): part of a 1,100k polycentric

conurbation– Trondheim (NO) (200k): a smaller monocentric city– Vienna (AT) (1,600k): a major monocentric city


Application scenarios:Application scenarios:applications to be testedapplications to be tested• Cybercars

– Public transport in inner city– Public transport feeder in low

density areas• Personal Rapid Transit

– Public transport in inner city• High Tech Bus

– Dedicated lanes on radial corridors

• Dual Mode Vehicles– Dedicated E-lanes on corridors,

networks


Complementary Complementary measuresmeasures

Measure categories High impact measures

Land use planning City centre development 20% greater than that currently in city plans

Transport and ICT Priority for new modes at all traffic signals (area-wide)

Traffic engineering solutions

Re-distribution of existing road space to new vehicles on all new mode routes, and a car free city centre

Transport pricing Inner city road pricing cordon, am peak only, €5 charge per day

PT fare reductions of 20% over the 30 year period

Parking fees to increase by 50% over the 30 year period


The planned sequence of testsThe planned sequence of tests

• All conducted for four cities • For the period 2005-2035• For medium and high growth scenarios

– Do nothing (specified by each city)– Each of five application scenarios, defined to be

as consistent as possible across the four cities• Alone• With an agreed set of complementary

measures• City-specific applications as resources permit

• 22+ tests for each city = 88 tests to be compared


The planned tests for each cityThe planned tests for each city

Exogenous trend applications

Medium growth High growth

Do nothing M0 H0

New technologies With

complementary

policies

No

complementary policies

With

complementary

policies

No

complementary policies

Cybercar (inner city) MW1 M1 HW1 H1

Cybercar (PT feeder) MW2 M2 HW2 H2

PRT MW3 M3 HW3 H3

High tech bus MW4 M4 HW4 H4

DMV (city wide) MW5 M5 HW5 H5


The next stepsThe next steps

• All four models available by December• Do nothing tests and review in January• Principal testing programme to June• Interpretation of results and discussion with cities

in July• Report of results in September• Outputs used

– For testing the Business Case Model– As input to the City Application Manual

• Final review of results and methods in early 2011


Documents

January 2008, Washington The CityMobil programme: an overview Professor Tony May University of Leeds, England January 2008, Washington