Upload
vannga
View
216
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1/18/2017
1
Infection prevention in the OR:
A close examination of
interventions
Kim Delahanty BSN, PHN, MBA/HCM, CIC, FAPIC
1/18/2017
2
Objectives• Describe the clinical and economic impact of SSIs on patients and health care facilities.
• Provide an outline of the evidence‐based methodology currently employed by the, SHEA (Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America)and CDC and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) for developing guidelines.
• Give a brief overview of infection prevention measures in the surgical suite: surgical attire, traffic control, instrument sterilization, disinfection of the environment, monitoring of the air‐handling system.
• Understand the evidence related to and protocols for process‐improvement measures.
• Understand why it is critical for IPs and OR staff to work together
Impact of Health Care Associated Infections
2002 data from CDC National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Systems• Estimated number of HAIs: 1.7 million
• Estimated number of deaths associated with the HAI: 98,987
• Pneumonia: 35,967
• Bloodstream: 30,665
• Urinary tract: 13,088
• Surgical site: 8,205
• Other sites: 11,062
• Overall annual direct medical costs range from $28.4 to $33.8 billion (adjusted to 2007 dollars)SSI take into account $11,087 to $29,443 per event. With Morbidity and Mortality 2.6%
Klevaround ens RM. Public Health Rep. 2007, 122(2):160‐6, Scott DR, CDC, March 2009
1/18/2017
3
How can most HAIs be prevented?
Adherence to recommended infection control practices:
• Hand hygiene
• Sterile techniques
• Standard, contact, droplet, and airborne precautions
• Cleaning patients
• Cleaning environment
• Cleaning equipment
Correct antibiotic prophylaxis choice, timing, and discontinuation for selected
surgeries
Definition:NHSN Operative Procedure
A procedure that
1.is performed on a patient who is anNHSN inpatient or an NHSN outpatient
2.takes place during an operation where a surgeon makes a skin or mucous membrane incision (including the laparoscopic approach) and primarily closes the incision before the patient leaves the operating room
3.is represented by an NHSN Operative Procedure Code
1/18/2017
4
2015 NHSN SSI Changes
SSIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jB1zzA1sO28
• PATOS is required on events only (infection Present At Time Of Surgery)
• Must be documented prior to surgery• If continuing infection (i.e. hip or gut) there can not be a
period of wellness between last surgery and this one.• Must be to the same depth as previous infection
• Always go deep• Previous infection does not need to meet NHSN
definition but infection or abscess evidence does need to be noted
• In 2016 PATOS will be excluded from SIR!
1/18/2017
5
Joint Events
•You must look to see if the code for a previously existing infection is associated with the admission.If yes then enter yes revision was associated with a previous infection. DO NOT use NHSN SSI definition for this
•This is for all joint surgeries not just events
Diabetes
• NHSN has added another option for users to answer the question of diabetes on the denominator for procedure form.
• NHSN users can chose to use assignment of the discharge ICD‐9‐CM codes in the 250 to 250.93 range to answer YES to this diabetes field question. The 2014 definition is also still in place as a choice to answer this field.
1/18/2017
6
Inpatient Vs Outpatient
• For 2015, the NHSN SSI protocol will refer to inpatient and outpatient operative procedures, rather than operative procedures that are performed on inpatients or outpatients.
• Please disregard earlier guidance to identify OR areas/suites as inpatient or outpatient.
1/18/2017
7
Inpatient Definition
NHSN Inpatient Operative Procedure: An NHSN operative procedure performed on a patient whose date of admission to the healthcare facility and the date of discharge are different calendar days.
Outpatient Definition
NHSN Outpatient Operative Procedure: An NHSN operative procedure performed on a patient whose date of admission to the healthcare facility and date of discharge are the same calendar day.
1/18/2017
8
Post‐discharge SSISurveillance Methods
• Surgeon and/or patient surveys by mail or phone
• Review of postoperative clinic records• Line list of all readmission with diagnosis• Line list of ED admissions with diagnosis• ICD‐9‐CM Discharge/Procedure codes*
*Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013 Dec;34(12):1321‐3. doi: 10.1086/673975. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
SSI Process Measures
• Immediate Use Steam Sterilization Rate (IUSS)Previously called Flash Sterilization
•SCIP (Surgical Care Improvement Project) measures
•Hand Hygiene Compliance Rate
•Occurrence Reports•OR rounding
1/18/2017
9
Process measures• Should be part of your report to your ICC• Not just a report, should be able to be used to
drive improvement• What is the most commonly IUSS’ed items they
should be on top of your purchase list• Who isn’t washing their hands, surgeons? Nurses?• When aren’t they washing their hands incorporate
that into your infection prevention annual training (yes you need to do that!)
• For SCIP measures are you evaluating who is failing to administer abx on time? Is that in their recredentialing file?
Surgical Site Definitions
•Clinical• Based on individual physician judgment
• Dependent on risk to the patient of being wrong and likelihood of the event
• Based on temporal experiences of physician
• Epidemiological
• Reproducible
• Clear
• Indisputable
• Highly correlated with clinical diagnosis
• Understandable
• Not dependent on outside variables
• Useful for preventing future SSIs
1/18/2017
10
Definitions ofSurgical Site Infection
http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/newsletters.html
Closure on closure
• Modification of the SSI Primary Closure and Non‐primary Closure Definitions
• Primary Closure is defined as closure of the skin level during the original surgery, regardless of the presence of wires, wicks, drains, or other devices or objects extruding through the incision. This category includes surgeries where the skin is closed by some means. Thus, if any portion of the incision is closed at the skin level, by any manner, a designation of primary closure should be assigned to the surgery.• We do surveillance on both primary closed and open
surgeries. They are risk adjusted depending on the closure
1/18/2017
12
Closure example
An example of a surgery with non‐primary closure would be a laparotomy in which the incision was closed to the level of the deep tissue layers, sometimes called “fascial layers” or “deep fascia,” but the skin level was left open. Another example would be an “open abdomen” case in which the abdomen is left completely open after the surgery. Wounds with non‐primary closure may or may not be described as "packed” with gauze or other material, and may or may not be covered with plastic, “wound vacs,” or other synthetic devices or materials.
Infections are defined by where the occur
• Superficial Incisional‐ can be operative related but also can be a post operative care issue
• Deep incisional‐ More likely to be related to theoperative procedure than post operative wound care
• Organ/Space SSI‐Most likely to be related to be related to the operative procedure than post operative wound care
1/18/2017
13
Superficial Incisional SSI
SIP and SIS
Superficial incisional primary(SIP)
A superficial incisional SSI that is identified in the primary incision in a patient that has had an operation with one or more incisions (e.g., augmented site for cosmetic surgery that has a donor site)
Superficial incisional secondary(SIS)
A superficial incisional SSI that is identified in the secondary incision in a patient that has had an operation with more than one incision (e.g., donor site [buttocks] incision for cosmetic surgery)
1/18/2017
16
If a patient has several NHSN operations prior to an SSI,
report the operation that was performed most closely in time
to the infection date.
Example: Patient underwent a COLO on 2/12/14. Three dayslater, he went back to surgery to repair a leaking anastamosis(OTH). He developed an intraabdominal abscess on 3/18/14.This SSI is attributed to the second procedure (OTH), not theCOLO.
If more than one operation is done through a single incision…
First, attempt to determine the procedure that is thought to be associated with the infection.
Example: If the patient had a CBGC and CARD done at the sametime and develops a vegetative valve, then the SSI will be linked to the CARD.
Then, if it’s not clear or if the infection site being reported is not an SSI, use the NHSN Principal Operative Procedure Selection Lists to select which operative procedure to report.
1/18/2017
17
Table 5. NHSN Principal Operative Procedure Categ01y Selection ListsThe following lists are derived from the operative procedures listed in Table 1. The categor the highest risk of SSI are listed before those with lower risks.
Priority Code Abdominal Operations
1 LTP Liver transplant
2 COLO Colon surgery
3 BILI Bile duct, liver or pancreatic surgery
4 SB Small bowel surge1y
s REC Rectal surge1y
6 KTP Kidney transplant
7 GAST Gastric smge1y
8 AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
9 HYST Abdominal hysterectomy
10 CSEC Cesarean section11 XLAP Laparotomy
12 APPY Appendix surge1y
13 HER Hemion-Iiaphy
14 NEPH Kidney surgery
15 VHYS Vaginal Hysterectomy
16 SPLE Spleen surge1y
17 CHOL Gall bladder surgery
18 OVRY Ovarian surgery
Priority Code Thoracic Operations
1 HTP Heart transplant2 CBGB Coronaiy aite1y bypass graft with donor incision(s)
3 CBGC Coronaiy aiie1y bypass graft, chest incision only
4 CARD Cardiac smge1y
5 THOR Thoracic surgery
Reporting SSIs
Complete a Surgical Site Infection (SSI) form for each patient found to have an SSI using the definitions.
1/18/2017
18
Specific Type: IAB Criteria 2:
2. Patient has abscess or other evidence of intra abdominal infection seen during a surgical operation or histopathologic examination.
Culturing Gut Spills or leaking anastomsis
• This practice makes no sense since it is unlikely that only one organism spilled out of the gut.• Most likely polymicrobic and reflective of the gut
biome
• This is why radiographic review of cases is important• Cases may be drained by interventional radiology
rather than a return to surgery.
1/18/2017
19
• Day 1: HYST performed. Patient screened for MRSA uponadmission to ICU per protocol.
• Day 2: Patient is very confused. Temperature normal. Wound condition good.
• Day 3: Results of the admission screening cultures of the nose and groin are positive for MRSA. The following entry is found in the chart: “Patient removed the dressing several times. Recurrent confused condition. Wound edges very red and taut.”
Patient non compliance with wound care
•If it occurs in your facility you count the SSI
•If documented outside of your facility you do not count the case
1/18/2017
20
How are the durations for the individual procedures determined?
If more than one NHSN operative procedure is performed through the same incision, record the combined duration of all procedures, which is the time from skin incision to primary closure.
What’s New? 2016 NHSN Surveillance Definition Updates
http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/PDFs/pscManual/2PSC_IdentifyingHAIs_NHSNcurrent.pdf#page=2 *SSI = surgical site infection
1/18/2017
21
Surgical Site Infections (SSI)
• NHSN uses ICD‐10‐PCS and CPT codes.• Transition complete from ICD‐9.• ICD‐10‐PCS Guidance was provided for
spinal level and approach for FUSN procedures.
• Updated supporting materials.
SSI criteria continued
Superficial SSI criterion “c”• Updated to reflect a symptomatic patient whose
incision opened but for whom no culture was obtained.
• Note: (+) culture is obtained if the patient meets SSI criterion “b.”
• Addition of Appendix 1• Contains a list of all NHSN operative procedure
groups.• Site‐specific SSIs are available as events for each
group. • http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/pcsma
nual_current33
http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/pcsmanual_current.pdf#page=102http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/pcsmanual_current.pdf#page=118
1/18/2017
22
What else can reduce SSIs?
• CHG baths pre surgery
• Reduce traffic in OR
• Maintain positive pressure in ORs• But not temperature or humidity
• Proper surgical scrub in OR• NO surgical scrub brushes
• CHG skin prep
• Maintain asepsis!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• No artificial nails or jewelry!
• Proper Cleaning
Cleaning the OR
1/18/2017
23
End of Procedure Cleaningin the OR or Procedural Room
Adapted with permission from Perioperative Standards and Recommended Practices.Copyright © 2014, AORN, Inc, 2170 S. Parker Road, Suite 400, Denver, CO 80231. All rights reserved.
Other things to look at
• SPD• Was it sterilized?
• Is it free of bioburden?• Does it have blind spots?• Was IUSS used?
• Post operative care• Reaching out to SNFs (do the dressing changes match the surgeon’s home instructions?
1/18/2017
24
Science + Expert consensus
Changing practice
Improving outcomes
HICPACGuidelines
Compendium guidance
Pragmatic lessons and
tools
1/18/2017
25
http://www.shea‐online.org/PriorityTopics/CompendiumofStrategiestoPreventHAIs.aspx
Rationale for the Compendium
• Hospitals are straining to accommodate an increasing number of infection prevention initiatives, regulatory obligations, and requirements for collecting and reporting performance measures
• Create a set of documents that hospitals can use to help prioritize their HAI prevention efforts
• Help all stakeholders to work together to implement and sustain strategies to improve patient care
1/18/2017
26
The Compendium process Implementation‐focused
Collaborative effort involving experts in infection prevention and control
• Written in partnership with implementation‐ focused organizations
http://www.shea‐online.org/PriorityTopics/CompendiumofStrategiestoPreventHAIs.aspx
Section Leads and Panel members
Involved organizations with content expertise
• Pediatric ID Society
• The Joint Commission
• APIC
• CDC
• Society for Critical Care Medicine
• Society for Hospital Medicine
• Institute for Healthcare Improvement
• Surgical Infection Society
1/18/2017
27
NOT a guideline
• Review of relevant literature
• Heavy focus on published guidelines and systematic reviews/meta‐analyses
Grading the quality of evidenceGrade Definition
High Highly confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimated size and direction of the effect (e.g., wide range of studies and no major limitations, little variation between studies)
Moderate The true effect is likely to be close to the estimated size and direction of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different (e.g., only a few studies and some have
limitations but not major flaws, variation between studies)
Low The true effect may be substantially different from the estimated size and direction of the effect (e.g., supporting studies have major flaws, important variation between studies, no rigorous studies, only expert consensus)
1/18/2017
28
Recommended strategies
Two levels of recommendations based on balancing of potential benefits and risks
Basic Practices: Recommended for all acute carehospitals
Special Approaches: Strategies to consider if basic practices are in place but there’s still a problem based on risk assessment or surveillance data
BASIC PRACTICES TO PREVENT SSI
1/18/2017
29
Multi‐level review
• Many organizations and societies contributed
• Many organizations and societies invited to review the drafts and to consider endorsement or support
• Reviewed and cleared by the CDC
• Approved by the SHEA Guidelines Committee and IDSA Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee
• Approved by the Boards of the major partnering organizations
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
HICPAC
Administer preoperative antimicrobial agent(s) only when indicated, based on published clinical practice guidelines and timed such that a bactericidal concentration of the agent is established in the serum and tissues when the incision is made (IB)
Compendium
Administer antimicrobial prophylaxis according to evidence‐based standards and guidelines (Basic Practice; Quality of evidence=high)
1/18/2017
30
Updated perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines
Available at: http://www.idsociety.org
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
HICPAC
In clean and clean‐contaminated procedures, do not administer additional prophylactic antimicrobial agent doses after the surgical incision is closed in the operating room, even in the presence of a drain (IA)
Compendium
Discontinue antimicrobial prophylaxis within 24 hours after surgery
1/18/2017
31
HICPAC
No further refinement of timing can be made for preoperative antimicrobial agent…, based on clinical outcomes (No recommendations/ Unresolved issue)
Compendium
Begin administrationwithin 1 hour before incision to maximize tissue concentration. Two hours are allowed for the administration of vancomycin and fluoroquinolones
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
HICPAC
Our search did not identify RCT evaluating weight‐adjusted AMP dosing and its impact on the risk of SSI (No recommendation/ Unresolved issue)
Compendium
Adjust dosing on the basis of patient weight (examples: pediatric patients, vancomycin, gentamicin, morbidly obese patients)
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
1/18/2017
32
HICPAC
Our search did not identify sufficient RCT evidence to evaluate intraoperative redosing of parenteral prophylactic antimicrobial agents for the prevention of SSI (No recommendation/ Unresolved issue)
Compendium
Redose prophylactic antimicrobial agents for long procedures (intervals of ~every 2 half‐lives) and in cases with excessive blood loss during the procedure
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
2%
3%
6%
5%
4%
Surgical siteinfectionrate
Redose
No redose
Redose prophylactic antibiotics forlong procedures
1%
0%
On time Not on time
Timing of initial antimicrobial prophylaxis dose
Steinberg JP, et al. Trial to Reduce Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Errors. Ann Surg 2009; 250:10
1/18/2017
33
HICPAC
Does not address
Compendium
Use a combination of parenteral antimicrobial agents and oral antimicrobials to reduce the risk of SSI following colorectal procedures
Perioperative antimicrobialprophylaxis
Two interrelated issues:
• Mechanical bowel prep
• Fleet enema
• Polyethylene glycol
• Phospho‐soda
• Magnesium citrate
• Oral antimicrobial prophylaxis
• Neomycin + erythomycin
• Neomycin + metronidazole
Strategies to consider: Oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel
prep for colorectal surgery
1/18/2017
34
Impact of mechanical bowelprep on SSI risk
Guenaga KF, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011
No difference
Despite this, how often is a bowel prep used?
Englesbe, et al. Ann Surg 2010;252: 514–520
1/18/2017
35
0%
5%
10%
15%
Deep Incisional
Organ Space
Superficial Incisional
Overall SSI
No Oral Antibiotics
Oral AntibioticsPercentofpatients
* P < 0.05
*
*
Oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation‐‐propensity matched analysis
*
Englesbe, et al. Ann Surg 2010;252: 514–520
Deierhoi RJ, et al. J Am Coll Surg 2013;217:763
60% reduction in SSI risk
Impact oral antibiotic prophylaxis on SSI risk
1/18/2017
36
Nelson, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014
40% reduction in SSI risk
Impact oral antibiotic prophylaxis on SSI risk
Bottom line: Mechanical bowel prep and oral antimicrobial prophylaxis
• Difficult to tease out the impact of mechanical bowel prep and oral antibiotic prophylaxis in these studies
• Adding preoperative oral antibiotic prophylaxis (in addition to perioperative IV prophylaxis) decreases SSI risk when mechanical bowel prep is used
• Further studies are needed
1/18/2017
37
Glycemic control
HICPAC
Implement perioperative glycemic control and use blood glucose target levels of <200 mg/dL in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients
Compendium
Control blood glucose during the immediate postoperative period (≤180 mg/dL)
Normothermia
HICPAC
Maintain perioperative normothermia (IA)
Compendium
Maintain normothermia during the perioperative period (Basic Practice: Quality of evidence=high)
1/18/2017
38
Supplementaloxygenation
• HICPAC For patients with normal
pulmonary function undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, administer increased FiO2 both intraoperatively and post‐extubation in the immediate postoperative period. (IA)
• Compendium Optimize tissue oxygenation
by administering supplemental oxygen during and immediately following surgical procedures involving mechanical ventilation (Basic Practice; Quality of evidence=high)
Preoperative skin prep
HICPAC Perform intraoperative skin
preparation with an alcohol‐based antiseptic agent, unless contraindicated (IA)
Compendium Use alcohol‐containing
preoperative skin preparatory agents if no contraindication exists (Basic Practice; Quality of evidence=high)
1/18/2017
39
Additional Compendium Basic Practices: Surgical safety checklist
• Use a checklist to ensure adherence to best practices to improve surgical patient safety
Haynes AB, et al. NEJM 2009;360:491
http://www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/en/
1/18/2017
40
Haynes AB, et al. NEJM 2009;360:491
Additional Compendium Basic Practices: SSI surveillance
• Perform surveillance for SSI
• Measure and provide feedback to providers regarding rates of compliance with process and outcomemeasures
1/18/2017
41
Additional Compendium Basic Practices: Education
Educate healthcare personnel about strategies to prevent SSIs
Educate patients and their families, as appropriate
A 7 S BUNDLE APPROACH TO PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
WWW.7SBUNDLE.COM
1/18/2017
42
Mortality risk is high amongpatients with SSIs
• A patient with an SSI is:– 5x more likely to be readmitted after discharge1
– 2x more likely to spend time in intensive care1
– 2x more likely to die after surgery1
• The mortality risk is higher when SSI is due to MRSA– A patient with MRSA is 12x more likely to die aftersurgery2
60
1. WHO Guidelines for Safe Surgery2009.2. Engemann JJ et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:592‐598.
7 “S” Bundle to Prevent SSI
SAFETY – assuring surgery is done is a safe environment, using a wound protector in colon surgery,, good surgical technique
SCREEN – screening for risk factors and presence of MRSA & MSSA and decolonizing colonized patients before surgery
SHOWERS –patients cleanse their body the night before and morning ofsurgery with CHLORHEXIDINE (CHG)
SKIN PREP – applying a surgical skin prep with alcohol based antiseptics such as CHG or Iodophor
SOLUTION ‐ irrigating surgical tissues prior to closure to removeexogenous contaminants with CHG for residual activity post‐op
SUTURES – closing tissues and incision with antimicrobial sutures
SKIN CLOSURE – sealing the incision with a topic adhesive or covering itwith an antimicrobial dressing to prevent exogenous contamination post‐op
1/18/2017
43
CHALLENGES WITH THE 7 S BUNDLE
Getting More Surgeons to UseAbdominal Wound Protector/Retractor
Horiuchi et al: A Wound Protector Shields Incision Sites from Bacterial Invasion SURGICAL INFECTIONS Volume 11, Number 6, 2010
Reid et al: Barrier Wound Protection Decreases Surgical Site Infection in Open Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM VOLUME 53: 10 (2010)
www.stopsurgicalinfection.com
1/18/2017
44
Eliminating Skull Caps and Assuring Hair is Covered
• Normal individuals shed more than 10 million particles from their skin every day.
• Approximately 10% of skin squames carry viable microorganisms and it’s estimated that from their bodies each day. individuals shed approximately 1 million microorganisms
• AORN “Recommended practices for surgical attire” section• IV.a. states that:
“a clean, low‐lint surgical head cover or hood that confines all hair and covers scalp skin should be worn. The head cover or hood should be designed to minimize microbial dispersal. Skullcaps may fail to contain the side hair above and in front of the ears and hair at the nape of the neck.”
Boyce, Evidence in Support of Covering the Hair of OR Personnel AORN Journal ● Jan 2014
Surgical Attire –Arms Covered During Surgery
New scrub with arm sleeve
AORN Journal ● January 2012 Vol 95 No 1
1/18/2017
45
Use of Antimicrobial Sutures
Bacterial colonization of the suture
• Like all foreign bodies, sutures can be colonizedby bacteria:– Implants provide nidus for attachment of bacteria1– Bacterial colonization can lead to biofilm formation1– Biofilm formation increases the difficulty of treating an infection2
On an implant, such as a suture, it takes only 100 staphylococci per gram of tissue for an SSI to develop3
1.Ward KH et al. J Med Microbiol. 1992;36: 406‐413.2.Kathju S et al Surg infect. 2009;10:457‐461 3.Mangram AJ et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.1999;27:97‐ 134.
Contamination Colonization BiofilmFormation
1/18/2017
46
Antibacterial Suture Challenge
• Studied the “zone of inhibition” around thesuture– A pure culture—0.5 MacFarland Broth—of S. aureus was prepared on a culture plate
– An antibacterial suture was aseptically cut, planted on the culture plate, and incubated for 24 hrs – held at 5 and 10days
5 day zone of inhibition 10 day zone of inhibition
Traditional suture
Antimicrobial suture
Spencer et al: Reducing the Risk of Orthopedic Infections: The Role of Innovative Suture Technology NAON 2010 Annual Congress ‐May 15‐19, 2010
Wang et al: British Journal of Surgery, 2013
Edmiston et al: Surgery 2013;154:89‐100
> 30% reduction in SSIs
1/18/2017
47
Antibiotic Irrigation “Cocktails”versus CHG prepared IrriSept
Chlorhexidine 0.05% Irrigation SolutionIrriSept
• Meets American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) guidelines for wound irrigation volume and pressure
• Proprietary SplatterGuard protects healthcare workers, patients andthe environment from biohazard contamination
• Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.05% has demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy and persistence in laboratory testing
• The mechanical action effectively loosens and removes wound debris
• Safe for mucous membranes – approved by FDA
• www.irrisept.com
1/18/2017
48
Why CHG Irrigation: Environmental Contaminants from the Operating Room and in the Tissues Should
be Flushed out Before Closure
Irrigate Tissues Before Closure –leave in for 1 minute then rinse for 1minuteCHG Irrigant leaves a 2 weekantimicrobial action in the tissue
73
Special Risk Population:Orthopedic Implants
• Hip or Knee aspiration• If positive – irrigation and debridement• Removal of hardware may be necessary• Insertion of antibiotic spacers• Revisions at future date• Long term IV antibiotics in community or rehab• Future worry about the joint• In other words –
DEVASTATING FOR THE PATIENT ANDSURGEON
1/18/2017
49
Skin Adhesive –Care of the Incision
Most surgical patients are discharged within first 1‐4 days when incisions is juststarting the wound healing process
Topical Incisional Adhesive Border andHealing 6 Weeks Post‐op and Beyond
1/18/2017
50
Topical Skin Adhesive on Total Knee
Clinical Use of Incisionial Adhesive in Orthopedic Total Joints
Knee: Sealed with incisional adhesive, covered with Telfa and a transparent dressing for incision protection
Healed incision
Hip: Sealed with adhesive covered with gauze and transparent dressing for incision protection
1/18/2017
51
Which Would You Prefer???
Topical Incisional Adhesive (TSA)Octyl Cyanoacrylate
OTHER OPTIONSWHEN ADHESIVES ARE NOT USED
1/18/2017
52
Program objectiveHelp providers implement evidence-based practices to address risks for SSIs* and BSIs**
Ethicon Take Aim was conducted at sixfacilities to support corporate UHS initiatives
Innovative approachRisk assessments to identify gaps in policies Staff training to reduce variation in practices Patient education to engage patients in care
Evidence‐supported portfolio
Broad ImpactFor patients…
Protect against known risks forinfection
For UHS…Standardize practices across facilities Drive compliance with corporate polices Improve utilization of Ethicondevices
* SSIs = Surgical Site infections** BSIs = Bloodstream infections
The components of Take Aim align closely with the Joint Commission NPSG 07.04.01 and 07.05.01
- Educate staff and licensed independent practitioners
- Educate patients, and their families, as needed
- Implement policies and procedures to reduce risk of SSIs
- Conduct periodic risk assessments- Select evidence-based SSI measures- Monitor compliance with guidelines- Evaluate effectiveness of efforts
1/18/2017
53
UHS corporate identified the specific facilities and Take Aim components to be included in
the pilot
Risk assessmentsIdentify potential gaps in currentinfection prevention procedures- BIOPATCH® Point Prevalence- Wound Closure Point Prevalence- BSI and SSI gap assessment
Staff trainingReduce variation in clinical practices and improve compliance with facility policies- Prof. Ed. speaker event
Many Risk Factors Influence SSI
One thing could lead to the failure
1/18/2017
54
#1: Way to STOP the Spread ofDiseases: Hand Hygiene
• Proper hand hygiene is the singlemost effective way to preventinfection!
• Alcohol‐based gel, soap & H2O ifvisibly soiled or C‐Diff cases, andfriction!
Conclusions
Infection Control Programs have been evolving to adapt to changingneeds.
It is critical for patient safety in the operating room that infection prevention and the OR team to work together and understand each others role in patient safety.
Use of checklists in the operating room have shown to improve patient safety.
NHSN is an ever changing landscape that needs constant review.