James Burgoyne, Michael Coe, John Thacker, Jack Rehm

Mathematical thinker, believed in self evident truths

4 Precepts of Logic Accept nothing as true that is not recognizably

so Divide and conquer Deduce implications from truths Keep records in logical

Intuition Methodical Doubt “Cogito Ergo Sum” Mind over Matter Believed in God

Maxims for the practical world: Moderation Stick to your guns Nothing is within our power but our thoughts Choose work best suited to you

Believed people should study the scripture

Cognitive emotion Infinite substance:

God/Nature Substance: Early

Existentialist Ideas

Adequate/Inadequate Ideas 3 Knowledge Types:

Abstract, random Common knowledge Intuition

Pragmatic view of good/evil Single authority Religious Toleration Issues with the social contract “Peace and Security of Life”

He had a very materialistic view of the universe

Suggested all human behavior was determined by heredity

Close friend of Rousseau

Best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor of, and contributor to the Encyclopédie

Father of Capitalism The Wealth of

Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments

The invisible hand Smith's belief that

when an individual pursues his self-interest, he indirectly promotes the good of society

By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other eases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention... By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good.

Excerpt from Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations”

Born May 7th Died August 25th

Scottish A treatise of Human Nature

Empiricism Induction Skepticism Hobbesian Price-specie Flow Private Property

1738-1794 Italian Crimes and Punishments

Against Death Penalty Against Torture Rationalism in Law Enforcement

Men are born evil Deist One singular leader Aphorisms Civil rights, freedom of religion

Separation of powers

All events are driven by a principal movement

Democracy Divided the power

of the monarchy

Morality Society corrupts man Man has changed over time

"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves

the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they."