Jamaica Infrastructure Analysis

8/2/2019 Jamaica Infrastructure Analysis

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JAMAICA

Nalishia Taylor

Praneta Mehta

National Infrastructure

Assessment


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Praneta Mehta

History Inhabited by Arawak Indians

Discovered by Christopher Columbus on May4, 1494

Spanish conquered the country from the

Indians and settled there in 1509-1655 British seized the country in 1655 and

abolished slavery in 1834

Formed Federation of West Indies with otherBritish Colonies in 1958

Gained independence from the British onAugust 6th, 1962 when it withdrew from theFederation


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Geography

10,991 km2 (4,244 mi2)

150 km (93 mi) South of Cuba


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Geography

CapitalKingston

Major CitiesKingston and Montego Bay

Major Tourist CitiesNegril, Ocho Rios,

and Montego Bay 14 parishes

Tropical with hot and humid weather

Attractive tourist destination


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Demographics 3rd largest Caribbean country

Population2.847 million (2010)

LanguageEnglish, Patois

3rd largest English speaking population inthe Western hemisphere

Literacy Rate (age 15 and older)87.9%

Work force - 1.324 million (2011 est.)

Industry - 15.8%;

Agriculture - 15%; Services - 69.2%

Unemployment Rate12.7% (2011)


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Physical Infrastructure

Well maintained and systematictransportation

22,121 km of road network

330km of rail network

Two major airports

Norman Manley Intl Airport in Kingston

Sangster Intl Airport in Montego Bay

15 Ports 3 modern, strategically located cruise ship

ports across the island


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Economy $14.7 billion USD GDP (2011)

$4,825 USD GDP per capita (2010)

1.6% GDP real growth rate (2011 est.)

$24.58 billion USD GDP purchasing power

parity (2011) Service sector dependent

Derives most of its foreign exchange fromtourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina.

Contributes more than 60% of the GDP

Main Exports Bauxite/Alumina

Sugar

Bananas


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Political Stability

Politically unstable in the 1970s

Alternated between the social-democraticPeoples National Party (PNP) and

conservative Jamaica Labor Party (JLP)

Elections are often marred by violence,however, results of elections are alwaysaccepted and political institutions havemanaged to retain their legitimacy

Head of StateQueen Elizabeth II Prime MinisterPortia Simpson-Miller (PNP)


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GovernmentConstitutional parliamentary democracy

Member of the Commonwealth

Bicameral Parliament

Led by Queen Elizabeth and theGovernor-General of Jamaica

Governed mainly by the Jamaican PrimeMinister

Originally based on the British governmentin the 1600s


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Government 14 parishes used for local government 63 single-seat Representatives 21 Senators Two major political parties Jamaica Labor Party more commonly known as JLP

Peoples National Party (controls ~2/3 of theHouse of Representatives) More commonly referred to as PNP

Two other political parties formed in 1995 and

2010, respectively National Democratic Movement (NDM) New Nation Coalition (NNC)


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Government Milestones

1867Number of Parishes reduced to 14

1886Elected representation restored toLocal Government

1923Kingston and St. Andrewsamalgamated to form the Kingston and St.Andrews Corporation

1947Universal adult suffrage extended to

Local Government 1962Independent constitution drafted


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Doing Business In Jamaica

Hofstedes Dimension of Culture Score Comments

Masculinity vs. Femininity 68 High (masculine)

Power Distance 45 High : The level of power distance isrelated to the degree ofcentralization of authority and

degree of autocratic leadership.Higher power distance indicatesthat autocratic leadership is rootedin mental programming of themembers of the society

Uncertainty Avoidance 13 Low : Low Uncertainty avoidance

and high masculinity index indicatethe willingness to take risk and needto perform to assert oneself

Individualism 39 Medium-High : people are more freeand responsible for their own selves


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Government Promotion of ICT

The Jamaican government has introducedreforms to support information andcommunication technology (ICT) industries

Cyber Crime Act

Overhauled existing 2007 TelecommunicationsPolicy

The ICT Strategy includes upgrades to the

infrastructure of Jamaica to make internetservices more readily available, and to solidify

Jamaicas position as the leader of ICTservices within the Caribbean.


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Government Promotion of ICT

Jamaican government has takenprominent steps for the outsourcingcommunity by providing 100 percent taxholiday on profits in perpetuity for servicecompanies that export 85 percent ormore of their ICT services

Export Free Zone Act

Telecommunications Licenses


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Status of Jamaicas ICT Sector

International Index Status/Ranking Score/Index Year Indicators

Economics Intelligence Unit (EIU)

e-Readiness46/69 5.05 2007

Connectivity, Businessenvironment, Consumer andbusiness adoption Legal and

policy environment Social andcultural environment Supportine-services

World Economic Forum NetworkReadiness

45/122 4.05 2006-07ICT environment ReadinessUsage of ICT Orbicom

Digital Divide Index 60/139 Info state 88.1 2003Number of users Knowledge

levels Skills and infrastructure

Human Development ReportTechnology Achievement Index(TAI)

49/72 0.26 2001Creation of technology, diffusiof technology, human skills

International

TelecommunicationsUnion (ITU)Digital Access Index(DAI)

54/178 0.53 2007

Infrastructure

AffordabilityKnowledgeQuality and actual usageof ICTs

UNCTAD Index of ICT Diffusion 57/180 0.598 2005 Access Connectivity

UN Global e-GovernmentReadiness Report 59/191 0.506 2005 Web measure, telecom index,human capital index


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IT Diffusion

263,100 fixed landline subscribers (2010)

3.103 million mobile subscribers (2010)

1.581million internet users (2010)

Internet Penetration Rate 55.5% 3,897 internet hosts (2010)

3 parallel fiber routes to the AmericasRegion Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1)

submarine cable in the D.R.


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IT Diffusion

Extent of computers per capita (Low)

6.8 per 100 people. (2009)

Extent of IT usage (Low-Medium)

58.6 per 100 users Extent of TV per capita (Medium)

380 per 1000 (2004)


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IT Usage in Industry Total number of registered businesses in

Jamaica 54000

Number of Internet connected businesses 5400

Estimated number of businesses with webpresence 1000

Estimated website penetration rate 2% Total ICT sector companies 96


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Major industries in Jamaica Primary

AgricultureSugar, coffee, cocoa, banana

Fishing

Miningbauxite, alumina Secondary

Manufacturingfood processing, oil refining

Tertiary Tourism

Financial ServicesBanking & Insurance

Retailfast food chains like McDonalds, BurgerKing


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ICT and Industry challenges Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises

(MSMEs) are the backbone of the Jamaicaneconomy

Less than 50% MSMEs use some form of ICT.(Commosioung, Waller 2008)

Majority ICT solutions offered are low-endsolutions like Call centers and BPOs

Training in the use of low-end applications isnot substantive to trigger innovations andtechnological development.

Brain drain


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Major Universities in Jamaica

The University of the West Indies, Mona

University of Technology, Kingston

Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

College of Agriculture Science andEducation, Port Antonio

University College of the Caribbean,Kingston

Mico University College, Kingston


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Meeting these challengesAttracting Diaspora

Devise and implement realistic dynamic

MSME policies focused on using ICT ascompetitive advantage.

Partnering with giant corporations foreducational enhancement and training.

Utilizing the current technologypenetration for innovation and economicenhancement.


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Summary Jamaica has very well developed ICT

infrastructure that enables the country for

high IT capability High level of IT diffusion

Very high IT capability


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QUESTIONS

Documents

Jamaica Infrastructure Analysis