Jam Session Education Guide

Louis Armstrong, 1961Giza, Egypt

In Class Activities for Ages 7 - 11 ............................. pp. 1 - 5 In Gallery Activities for Ages 7 - 11 .......................... pp. 6 - 9

In Class Activities for Ages 7 - 11............................ pp. 10 - 14

In Gallery Activities for Ages 11 - 14 ........................ pp. 15 - 18

Education Guide Answer Sheet ................................ p. 19

Photo Credits ............................................................ pp. 20 - 24

Duke Ellington, 1963Damascus, Syria

Benny Goodman, 1962Moscow, USSR

John Shirley, 1962Benahmed, Morocco Louis Armstrong, 1961

Cairo, Egypt

INSTRUCTIONS: Like the Jazz Ambassador tours depicted in Jam Session present-day State Department-sponsored programs celebrate some of the United States’ greatest artistic and cultural achievements. Pretend you are the President of the United States of America. Choose who you would like to send on a cultural diplomatic tour. Your choice does not have to be from the world of jazz. Feel free to select a musician, athlete, movie star, or a person you admire. Explain why you think this person would successfully represent the U.S. abroad. Also, consider the following questions: Where would you send them? Who would be your audience? What message will your selection send to the world?

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If I was President of the United States...

In most of the photos in Jam Session, jazz artists are seen serving as cultural diplomats in three different arenas:

1. A large-scale perfomance

2. A formal meeting

3. A relaxed gathering

The Dave Brubeck Trio, 1970Warsaw, Poland

Benny Goodman, 1956Bangkok , Thailand

Dave Brubeck, 1958Madras, India

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INSTRUCTIONS: Choose one photograph that you think exemplifies which “arena” is best for the mission of the Jazz Ambassadors. Explain why you chose this particular “arena” and photograph.

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(Continued)

INSTRUCTIONS: Using the illustrated checklist and the list of titles below, identify who was President when these photos were taken.

(Hint: the illustrated checklist descriptions provides dates)

1) Louis Armstrong carried into the King Baudouin Stadium.

2) Charlie Byrd gives a musical preview before an embassy luncheon.

3) Benny Goodman performs for a young audience in Red Square.

4) Dizzy Gillespie with Yugoslave musician and composer Nikica Kalogjera and fans.

5) Clark Terry and his Jolly Giants in concert.

6) Randy Weston performs at an outdoor concert.

7) Duke Ellington greets the audience at the Tamil Union Oval.

8) Cozy Cole enjoys a reception organized by French, Moroccan, and American students.

9) The Dave Brubeck Trio featuring Gerry Mulligan in concert.

10) Benny Carter and his band on tour during the U.S. Bicentennial.

11) Clark Terry and his Jolly Giants at a televised concert.

12) Woody Herman and his orchestra bring their sound to Egypt.

Dwight D. EisenhowerDates in Office:January 20, 1953 - January 20, 1961

John F. KennedyDates in Office:January 20, 1961 - November 22, 1963

Lyndon B. JohnsonDates in Office:November 22, 1963 - January 20, 1969

Richard M. NixonDates in Office:January 20, 1969 - August 9, 1974

Gerald R. FordDates in Office:August 9, 1974 - January 20, 1977

James E. CarterDates in Office:January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981

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Cairo, Egypt

1. The Acropolis (Parthenon)

2. Pyramid and Sphinx

3. Burmese artwork

4. Red Square in Moscow

5. Iraqi Airways airplane

6. Indian drums

7. Santo Domingo hats

8. Cameroon mask

9. An image of Kenya’s president

10. A traditional Pakistani textile

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INSTRUCTIONS: As you travel the world with the Jazz Ambassadors, find the photographs that correspond to each of the following clues. Once you have located a picture that contains a clue, write down which musician is shown in that image, the country where the photo was taken, and the year this occurred.

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1. A dancing snake

Name Place Date

2. Traditional Thai dancers

Name Place Date

3. A catcher’s mask

Name Place Date

4. A Gabonese musical instrument

Name Place Date

5. Hotel advertisements

Name Place Date

6. A record album entitled “Sassy”

Name Place Date

7. A convertible

Name Place Date

8. A musician playing two instruments at once

Name Place Date

9. A table hockey game

Name Place Date

10. A bouquet of flowers.

Name Place Date

INSTRUCTIONS: Based on the ten descriptions below, identify which Jazz Ambassador is shown playing which instrument. Once you have located the photographs described below and identified the Jazz Ambassador shown playing, write his name in the space provided

1. __________________________ plays a trumpet bent at a 45-degree angle in Africa.

2. __________________________ plays the clarinet while leading his ensemble in Asia.

3. __________________________ plays the trumpet for a statue in Africa.

4. __________________________ plays the saxophone while wearing a plaid suit in South Asia.

5. _________________________ plays the acoustic guitar after an embassy luncheon in Asia.

6. __________________________ plays the bass at a concert in Europe.

7. __________________________ plays the clarinet with local musicians during a performance in Africa.

8. __________________________ plays the trumpet at a Newport Jazz Festival concert in Europe.

9. _________________________ plays the piano during a rehearsal with local musicians in Asia.

10. _________________________ plays the piano with saxophonist Paul Desmond in Europe.

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Cairo, Egypt

Like the Jazz Ambassador tours depicted in Jam Session, present day State Department- sponsored programs celebrate some of the United States’ greatest artistic and cultural achievements. Contemporary jazz great Wynton Marsalis has followed in the footsteps of Dizzy and Duke, traveling the world and connecting cultures with his music and ambassadorial skills. The U.S. government has expanded this type of initiative to include both hip-hop and sports diplomacy. In 1999, the State Department awarded the title of U.S. Hip-Hop Ambassador to the rap lyricist, vocalist, actress, and writer Toni Blackman, who went on to tour countries in Africa and southeast Asia. Former Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice appointed figure-skating champion Michelle Kwan as a cultural ambassador in 2006; the following year, major-league baseball star Cal Ripken, Jr. represented the U.S. in a similar capacity. In all of these diplomatic initiatives, the State Department views interaction with American artists and cultural icons as a way to establish relationships, build trust, and clarify what these individuals and the United States represent.

INSTRUCTIONS: Pretend you are the President of the United States of America. Choose who you would like to send on a cultural diplomatic tour. As the paragraph above shows, your choice does not have to be from the world of jazz. Feel free to select a musician, athlete, movie star, or a person you admire. Just make sure to explain why you think this particular individual would successfully represent the U.S. abroad. Also, consider the following questions: Where would you send them? Who would be your audience? What message would your selection of this specific individual send to the world?

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INSTRUCTIONS: Pick a specific Jazz Ambassador’s appearance in any country he or she visited and pretend you are that nation’s Foreign Minister. Your task is to compose a brief speech welcoming this individual. Before you begin writing, do preliminary research on your chosen country to make the speech as specific as possible to its history, society, and culture. Try to set aside your American perspective and adopt the point of view of a government official from a host country. Keep this question in mind: why would your government want American jazz musicians to perform in your homeland?

Dave Brubeck, 1958; Baghdad, Iraq

Other Questions to Consider:

•What are some of the major differences and similarities between your country and the United States?

•What message would you, as a representative of your government, want to convey with this specific jazz performance?

•Which American ideals do you hope to promote in your country? Which do you seek to downplay?

Benny Goodman, 1956; Bangkok, Thailand

Louis Armstrong, 1960; Kaduna, Nigeria

•What does it mean for your country to partake in cultural exchange with the U.S.?

•Why do you think the Jazz Ambassadors are so popular with local populations? Why are the people of your country excited about this tour?

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Welcome Speech(Continued)

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Cairo, Egypt

INSTRUCTIONS: Using the wall labels and the hints below name the country that each of the Jazz Ambassadors visited.

1. Gillespie, Ellington, Carter, and Terry visited this southeast Asian country which experienced poltical turmoil after the December 2007 assassination of former Prime Minister and political leader Benazir Bhutto. ________________

2. Brubeck and Ellington visited this Middle Eastern country. It has been the setting for a large U.S. military operation since a 2003 invasion removed then-President Saddam Hussein from power. _________________

3. Goodman visited this Asia-Pacific country, an island nation with the world’s second-largest economy. ________________

4. Goodman and Ellington visited this large country. It is has reemerged as a key international power after the political and economic instability that followed its 1991 dissolution (an event that also ended the Cold War). __________________

5. Ellington visited this South American nation, which in October 2007 elected Cristina Fernandez its President. Her husband, Nestor Kirchner, preceeded her as the country’s president. ____________

6. Carter visited this European country. Its position between the continents of Europe and Asia has given it a strong economic and cultural influence on both regions. It is currently attempting to acquire full membership in the European Union. ___________________

7. Herman visited this South American country which has become one of the region’s most stable and prosperous since the end of the 17-year reign of General Augusto Pinochet, its one-time authoritarian leader. ________________

8. Brubeck visited this European nation where the Catholic Church continues to play a substantial role in everyday life even after the death of the country’s native son, Pope John Paul II. ________________

9. Armstrong and Herman visited this North African country which was the victor in the past two Africa Cup of Nations. The ACN is a soccer tournament that annually crowns the continent’s best team. _______________

10. Ellington visited this African country. Despite being the continent’s oldest independent nation, it is one of Africa’s poorest states with an illiteracy rate of over 50%. ____________________

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INSTRUCTIONS: As you travel the world with the Jazz Ambassadors, find the photographs that correspond to each of the following clues. Once you have located a picture that contains a clue, write down which mucisian is shown in that image, the country where the photo was taken, and the year in which this occurred.

1. A dancing snake

Name Place Date

2. Traditional Thai dancers

Name Place Date

3. A catcher’s mask

Name Place Date

4. A Gabonese musical instrument

Name Place Date

5. Hotel advertisements

Name Place Date

6. A record album entitled “Sassy”

Name Place Date

7. A convertible

Name Place Date

8. A musician playing two instruments at once

Name Place Date

9. A table hockey game

Name Place Date

10. A bouquet of flowers.

Name Place Date

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1. The Acropolis (Parthenon)

2. Pyramid and Sphinx

3. Burmese artwork

4. Red Square in Moscow

5. Iraqi Airways airplane

6. Indian drums

7. Santo Domingo hats

8. Cameroon mask

9. An image of Kenya’s president

10. A traditional Pakistani textile

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1. Dizzy Gillespie, Greece 2. Louis Armstrong, Egypt 3. Count Basie, Burma4. Benny Goodman, USSR 5. Dave Brubeck, Iraq 6. Duke Ellington, India7. Dizzy Gillespie, Dominican Republic 8. Louis Armstrong, Cameroon 9. Dizzy Gillespie, Kenya10. Clark Terry, Pakistan

1. Dizzy Gillespie, Pakistan, 1956 2. Benny Goodman, Thailand, 19563. Louis Armstrong, Argentina, 1957 4. Randy Weston, Gabon, 19675. Benny Carter, Turkey, 1975 6. Willis Conover and Sarah Vaughan, Washington, DC, mid-1950s7. Duke Ellington, Sri Lanka, 1972 8. Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Yugoslavia, 19739. Louis Armstrong, Gold Coast/Ghana, 1956 10. Dave Brubeck, Iraq, 1958

1. Dizzy Gillespie 2. Benny Goodman 3. Louis Armstrong 4. Benny Carter5. Charlie Byrd 6. Charles Mingus 7. Woody Herman 8. Miles Davis9. Count Basie 10. Dave Brubeck

1. Pakistan 2. Iraq 3. Japan 4. Soviet Union/USSR 5. Argentina

6. Turkey 7. Chile 8. Poland 9. Egypt 10. Ethiopia

1. Eisenhower 2.Ford 3. Kennedy 4.Eisenhower 5. Carter 6. Johnson 7. Nixon 8. Kennedy9. Nixon 10. Ford 11. Carter 12. Johnson

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Photo CreditsCover:

Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond (center) encounter Indian musicians. Bombay, India, 1958Courtesy of the Brubeck Collection, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. Copyright Dave Brubeck.

Duke Ellington greets the audience at the Tamil Union Oval before his performance. Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1972Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

Dizzy Gillespie with Yugoslav musician and composer Nikica Kalogjera and fans.Zagreb, Yugoslavia, 1956 Courtesy of the Marshall Stearns Collection, Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University.

Benny Goodman performs for a young audience in Red Square.Moscow, Soviet Union, 1962Courtesy of the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Benny Goodman Papers, Yale University.

Count Basie at the final rehearsal of the popular Burmese song, Emerald Dusk. Rangoon, Burma, 1971 L to R: Win Oo, famous singer and film star; Sandaya Hla Htut, composer and pianist; Basie; unidentified man; U Than Myint, Deputy Director, Burma Broadcasting Service. Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

The Dave Brubeck Trio featuring Gerry Mulligan in concert at the Palace of Culture. Warsaw, Poland, 1970Courtesy of the Brubeck Collection, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. Copyright Dave Brubeck.

Louis Armstrong serenades a sculpture.Yaoundé, Cameroon, 1960Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum.

Willis Conover interviews jazz greats in the Voice of America Studio.Washington, DC, mid-1950sCourtesy of the Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University.Courtesy of the Willis Conover Collection, the University of North Texas Music Library.

Table of Contents:

Lucille Armstrong films Louis in a classic tourist setting. Giza, Egypt, 1961Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum.

Louis Armstrong, passport image. Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum.

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Duke Ellington reaches out to young people in the Middle East. Signing autographs at the USIS Library.Damascus, Syria, 1963Courtesy of the Duke Ellington Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Louis Armstrong entertains children at the Tahhseen Al-Sahha Medical Center.Cairo, Egypt, 1961Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum.

A member of the Cozy Cole Jazz Review, John Shirley, makes balloon animals for children at a Moroccan government tuberculosis hospital. Benahmed, Morocco, 1962Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

Page 2:

White House letterhead: Courtesy of the Duke Ellington Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Page 3:

The Dave Brubeck Trio featuring Gerry Mulligan in concert at the Palace of Culture. Warsaw, Poland, 1970L to R: Gerry Mulligan (saxophone); Dave Brubeck (piano); Jack Six (bass); Alan Dawson (drums; not visible). Courtesy of the Brubeck Collection, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. Copyright Dave Brubeck.

Benny Goodman, the King of Swing, meets the Kings of Thailand and Cambodia. Presenting a clarinet to King Bhumibol Adulyadej.Bangkok, Thailand, 1956 Courtesy of the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Benny Goodman Papers, Yale University.

Dave Brubeck establishes cordial relations in India. Meeting leaders of the Indian music world. Madras, India, 1958Courtesy of the Brubeck Collection, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. Copyright Dave Brubeck.

Page 6:





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Page 7:Members of Dizzy Gillespie’s group sightseeing on the Acropolis.Athens, Greece, 1956 Courtesy of the Marshall Stearns Collection, Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University.


Count Basie receives a Kachin bag and Burmese lacquerware from U Thein Dan, Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Union Culture.Rangoon, Burma, 1971Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.


Dave Brubeck receives a bouquet upon arrival at the airport. Baghdad, Iraq, 1958Courtesy of the Brubeck Collection, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. Copyright Dave Brubeck.

Duke Ellington makes friends while on tour. The Bharatiya Kala Kendra Orchestra performs for ‘The Duke.’New Delhi, India, 1963 Courtesy of the Duke Ellington Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Dizzy Gillespie and many of his band members in front of their plane during a layover. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1956Courtesy of the Dave Usher Collection. Photograph by Dave Usher.

Louis Armstrong serenades a sculpture.Yaoundé, Cameroon, 1960Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum. The Dizzy Gillespie Quartet performs in the Plenary Hall, Kenyatta International Conference Centre. Nairobi, Kenya, 1973Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

Clark Terry and his Jolly Giants perform at the Pakistan American Cultural Center. Karachi, Pakistan, 1978Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

Page 9:

Background: Benny Goodman, the King of Swing, meets the Kings of Thailand and Cambodia. Presenting a clarinet to King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Bangkok, Thailand, 1956 Courtesy of the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Benny Goodman Papers, Yale University.

Benny Goodman poster.Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia (USSR), 1962Courtesy of the Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University.

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Benny Goodman, the King of Swing, meets the Kings of Thailand and Cambodia. Presenting a clarinet to King Bhumibol Adulyadej.Bangkok, Thailand, 1956 Courtesy of the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Benny Goodman Papers, Yale University.

The first leg of Louis Armstrong’s 1960-1961 Africa tour was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola. Louis meets Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto and Premier of the Northern Nigerian Region.Kaduna, Nigeria, 1960 Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum.

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Page 18:Members of Dizzy Gillespie’s group sightseeing on the Acropolis.Athens, Greece, 1956 Courtesy of the Marshall Stearns Collection, Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University.


Count Basie receives a Kachin bag and Burmese lacquerware from U Thein Dan, Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Union Culture.Rangoon, Burma, 1971Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.



Duke Ellington makes friends while on tour. The Bharatiya Kala Kendra Orchestra performs for ‘The Duke.’New Delhi, India, 1963 Courtesy of the Duke Ellington Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Dizzy Gillespie and many of his band members in front of their plane during a layover. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1956Courtesy of the Dave Usher Collection. Photograph by Dave Usher.

Louis Armstrong serenades a sculpture.Yaoundé, Cameroon, 1960Courtesy of the Louis Armstrong House Museum. The Dizzy Gillespie Quartet performs in the Plenary Hall, Kenyatta International Conference Centre. Nairobi, Kenya, 1973Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

Clark Terry and his Jolly Giants perform at the Pakistan American Cultural Center. Karachi, Pakistan, 1978Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.

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Documents

Jam Session Education Guide