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Od: Anne Béraud [email protected] Temat: [nls-messager] 1325.en/ Jacques-Alain Miller -- The Lyric Illusion - Nouvelle traduction de P. Dravers Data: 14 stycznia 2015 08:52 Do: [email protected] The return of blasphemy -- by Jacques-Alain Miller People say: “They’re barbarians.” No doubt. Yet, this terrorism is not blind, its eyes are open, it is targeted. Nor is it mute. It cries: “The prophet Mohammed has been avenged!” At the end of the last century, people thought that concepts such as blasphemy, sacrilege and profanation, were merely vestiges of the past. It is far from being the case. It is evident that the age of science has not made the sacred disappear and that the sacred is not an archaism. Of course, it is not real. It is a fact of discourse, a fiction, but one that holds the signs of a community together, the cornerstone of its symbolic order. The sacred demands reverence and respect. If not, there is chaos. And so Socrates is invited to drink the hemlock. Ever since men and speech have existed, nowhere has one been allowed to say everything. Except in psychoanalysis, in a very special, explosive, experience, which is in its early stages. And except in the United States, but the freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution is bounded by a particular sense of decency. This is why the vast majority of the press abstains from reproducing the cartoons of Mohammed, in consideration of the “great suffering” of Muslims. The same applies to the “politically correct”. The painful affect signals that the libido is at stake. If the sacred is not real, jouissance, which condenses here, is. The sacred provokes ecstasy and fury. People kill and die for him. A psychoanalyst knows what one is exposed to when one touches “the impossible-to-bear” in the other (Lacan). That is why Baudelaire quotes Bossuet, “The Sage laughs only while trembling”. Yet, what was the main instrument of the Enlightenment, if not laughter? Maistre speaks of Voltaire’s “rictus”, Musset of his “hideous

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Od: Anne Béraud [email protected]: [nls-messager] 1325.en/ Jacques-Alain Miller -- The Lyric Illusion - Nouvelle traduction de P. Dravers

Data: 14 stycznia 2015 08:52Do: [email protected]

The return of blasphemy --

by Jacques-Alain Miller

People say: “They’re barbarians.” No doubt. Yet, this terrorism is not blind,its eyes are open, it is targeted. Nor is it mute. It cries: “The prophetMohammed has been avenged!”At the end of the last century, people thought that concepts such asblasphemy, sacrilege and profanation, were merely vestiges of the past. Itis far from being the case. It is evident that the age of science has notmade the sacred disappear and that the sacred is not an archaism. Ofcourse, it is not real. It is a fact of discourse, a fiction, but one that holdsthe signs of a community together, the cornerstone of its symbolic order.The sacred demands reverence and respect. If not, there is chaos. And soSocrates is invited to drink the hemlock. Ever since men and speech haveexisted, nowhere has one been allowed to say everything.Except in psychoanalysis, in a very special, explosive, experience, which isin its early stages. And except in the United States, but the freedom ofspeech guaranteed by the Constitution is bounded by a particular sense ofdecency. This is why the vast majority of the press abstains fromreproducing the cartoons of Mohammed, in consideration of the “greatsuffering” of Muslims. The same applies to the “politically correct”. Thepainful affect signals that the libido is at stake. If the sacred is not real,jouissance, which condenses here, is. The sacred provokes ecstasy andfury. People kill and die for him. A psychoanalyst knows what one isexposed to when one touches “the impossible-to-bear” in the other(Lacan). That is why Baudelaire quotes Bossuet, “The Sage laughs onlywhile trembling”. Yet, what was the main instrument of the Enlightenment, ifnot laughter? Maistre speaks of Voltaire’s “rictus”, Musset of his “hideous

not laughter? Maistre speaks of Voltaire’s “rictus”, Musset of his “hideoussmile”. Traditional doctrines are not refuted, notes Leo Strauss, but chasedout with laughter.Among us, Charlie Hebdo was the benchmark for this founding derision.Cabu, Charb, Tignoux and Wolinski were not predestined to share thesame fate as the Chevalier de la Barre. Since 1825, no one has everattempted to reinstate a Blasphemy Law. How is it that they becomemartyrs to the freedom of the press?It is because universes of discourses that used to be separate and sealed,now communicate. They are even interwoven, though the sacred of theone and the “nothing sacred” of the other are diametrically opposed. Apartfrom rewinding the film of modern times by deporting aliens everywhere,the question – a matter of life and death – will be whether the taste forlaughter, the right to ridicule, and iconoclastic disrespect are as essential toour mode of jouissance as the submission to the One is in the Islamictradition.As for the Legal debate, it is complex, and now vexes all westerndemocracies (on this subject, see the summary publication published threemonths ago by the University of California, Profane: SacrilegiousExpression in a Multicultural World). In this respect, every year since 1999,at the initiative of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in Germany,Austria and Ireland, the UN has negotiated laws prohibiting the violation ofthe sacred. The United Kingdom waited until 2008 before it stoppedprotecting the Anglican Church from blasphemy. France stands out for itssecular doctrine. But, for how much longer? It is not written. Hey, France!Your coffee’s boiling over! What do you most want? Conflict orcompromise? Written on Thursday 8 January 2015, sent to the editors of Le Point at11am; this short article appeared in the special edition of the magazine, onthe 10 January. Translated Philip Dravers

*

Le retour du blasphèmepar Jacques-Alain Miller

On dit : « Ce sont des barbares. » Sans doute. Cependant, ce terrorisme-là n’est point aveugle, il a les yeux ouverts, il estciblé. Il n’est pas non plus muet. Il crie : « On a vengé le prophète Mohammed ! »

On imaginait à la fin du siècle dernier que des notions comme le blasphème, le

On imaginait à la fin du siècle dernier que des notions comme le blasphème, lesacrilège, la profanation, n’étaient que des vestiges du temps passé. Il n’en est rien. Ondoit constater que l’âge de la science n’a pas fait s’évanouir le sens du sacré ; que lesacré n’est pas un archaïsme. Sans doute n’est-il rien de réel. C’est un fait de discours,une fiction, mais celle qui fait tenir ensemble les signes d’une communauté, la clé devoûte de son ordre symbolique. Le sacré exige révérence et respect. Faute de quoi c’estle chaos. Alors Socrate est invité à boire la cigüe. Nulle part, jamais, depuis qu’il y a deshommes et qui parlent, il n’a été licite de tout dire.

Sauf en psychanalyse, expérience très spéciale, explosive, qui n’en est qu’à sesdébuts. Sauf aux Etats-Unis, mais la liberté de parole garantie par la Constitution s’ytrouve bornée par un sentiment bien particulier de la décence. C’est ainsi que la grandemajorité de la presse s’abstint de reproduire les caricatures de Mahomet, par égardpour la « grande souffrance » des musulmans. Même principe pour le « politiquementcorrect ». L’affect douloureux signale que la libido est ici en jeu. Si le sacré n’est pas réel,la jouissance qui s’y condense, elle, l’est. Le sacré mobilise extases et fureurs. On tue eton meurt pour lui. Un psychanalyste sait à quoi on s’expose quand on chatouille chezautrui « l’impossible-à-supporter » (Lacan). C’est pourquoi Baudelaire cite Bossuet, « LeSage ne rit qu’en tremblant », et assigne au comique une origine diabolique. Or, quel futle principal opérateur des Lumières, sinon le rire ? Maistre parle du « rictus » deVoltaire, Musset de son « hideux sourire ». Les doctrines de la tradition ne furent pasréfutées, note Leo Strauss, mais chassées par le rire.

Charlie Hebdo était parmi nous comme la butte-témoin de cette dérisionfondatrice. Cabu, Charb, Tignoux, Wolinski, n’étaient pas promis à voisiner avec lechevalier de La Barre. Depuis 1825, personne n’a jamais tenté chez nous de restaurerune loi sur le blasphème. Comment en sont-ils venus à périr en martyrs de la liberté dela presse ? C’est que des univers de discours jadis séparés et étanches, désormaiscommuniquent. Ils sont même imbriqués, alors que le sacré de l’un et le « rien de sacré» de l’autre sont aux antipodes. Sauf à rembobiner le film des temps modernes endéportant partout les allogènes, la question – question de vie ou de mort - sera desavoir si le goût du rire, le droit de ridiculiser, l’irrespect iconoclaste, sont aussiessentiels à notre mode de jouir que l’est la soumission à l’Un dans la traditionislamique.

Quant au débat juridique, il est complexe, et travaille maintenant l’ensemble desdémocraties occidentales (voir à ce sujet la somme publiée il y a trois mois parl’Université de Californie, Profane : Sacrilegious Expression in a Multicultural World). Tousles ans depuis 1999, on négocie à l’ONU sur le sujet, à l’initiative de l’Organisation de laCoopération islamique En Allemagne, en Autriche, en Irlande, des lois proscrivent lesatteintes au sacré. Le Royaume-Uni a attendu 2008 pour cesser de protéger l’Egliseanglicane du blasphème. La France se distingue par la rigueur de sa doctrine laïque. Pourcombien de temps encore ? Cela n’est pas écrit. Hé, la France ! Ton café fout le camp.Que veux-tu le plus vraiment ? Conflit ou compromis ?

Ecrit le jeudi 8 janvier 2015; envoyé à la rédaction du Point à 11h00; paru dans le numéro spécial du magazine, en date du samedi 10 janvier

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