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JAI HIND COLLEGEBASANTSING INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

&J.T.LALVANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

(AUTONOMOUS)"A" Road, Churchgate, Mumbai - 400 020, India.

Affiliated toUniversity of Mumbai

Program : B.Sc.

Proposed Course for : T.Y. B.Sc.

Credit Based Semester and Grading System(CBCS) with effect from the academic year 2019-

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T.Y. B.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus

Academic year 2019-2020

Semester V

Course Code

Course Title Credits Lectures/Week

SCHE501 Advanced Physical Chemistry-I 2.5 4SCHE502 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-I 2.5 4SCHE503 Advanced Organic Chemistry-I 2.5 4SCHE504 Advanced Analytical Chemistry-I 2.5 4

SCHE5PR1 Practical Coursework in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry-I

3 8

SCHE5PR2 Practical Coursework in Organic and Analytical Chemistry-I

3 8

SCHE5AC Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Paints & Pigments-I

2 4

SCHE5ACPR Practical Coursework in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Paints & Pigments-I

2 4

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Semester V – Theory

Course: SCHE501

Advanced Physical Chemistry - I (Credits: 2.5 Lectures/Week: 4)Course description:Molecular Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Nuclear Chemistry andSurface ChemistryObjectives: To understand the theoretical concept of molecular spectroscopy To differentiate between different types of molecular spectroscopy To explain the various colligative properties of solutions and to determine

molecular weight using thisproperty To engage the learner in the principles and properties of thermodynamics and

kinetics To introduce and explain the theory and applications of nuclear chemistry To understand the principle of adsorption and to determine the surface area of

an adsorbate

Learning Outcomes: Learner has a grip over the theoretical principles underlying spectroscopic

techniques for applications in structure elucidation. Learner is able to design experiments which measure changes in colligative

properties for determination of molecular weight of analyte. Learner is capable of applying the concepts of adsorption for determination

of surface area of porous adsorbate material. Learner is able to correlate the importance of kinetics and thermodynamics in

a chemical reaction and hence to any industrial process.

Unit I

Unit – I: Molecular Spectroscopy:

a. Dipole momenti. Introduction to dipole momentii. Polarization of a bond, bond momentiii. Dipole moment and molecular structure

b. Rotational Spectrum i. Conditions for obtaining rotational spectrum of a diatomic

molecule ii. Rigid rotor, moment of inertiaiii.Energy levels iv. Selection rule, nature of spectrumv. Determination of internuclear distance and isotopic shift

c. Vibration spectrumi. Vibrational motion, degrees of freedomii. Modes of vibrationiii. Vibrational spectrum of a diatomic moleculeiv. Simple harmonic oscillatorv. Energy levelsvi. Zero point energyvii. Conditions for obtaining vibrational spectrum

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viii. Selection rules & nature of spectrum

d. Vibrational-Rotational spectrum of diatomic moleculei. Energy levels ii. Anharmonic oscillator

iii. Selection ruleiv. Nature of spectrum, P and R branch lines, fundamental band,

overtones v. Application of vibrational-rotational spectrum in:

1. Determination of force constant and its significance 2. IR spectra of simple molecules - H2O and CO2

e. Raman Spectroscopyi. Scattering of electromagnetic radiation, Rayleigh scattering,

Raman scattering ii. Nature of Raman spectrum, Stokes’ lines, anti-Stokes’ lines

iii. Raman shift iv. Quantum theory of Raman spectrum

v. Comparative study of IR and Raman spectra, rule of mutualexclusion- CO2molecule

Unit II

Unit – II: Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics

1. Chemical Thermodynamicsa. Colligative properties

Recapitulationi. Concept of vapour pressure and relative lowering of vapour

pressureii. Measurement of lowering of vapour pressure - Static and

Dynamic method

b.Solutions of Solid in Liquid i. Elevation in boiling point of a solution Thermodynamic derivation of correlation between elevation

in boiling point of a solution and the molar mass of a non-volatile solute

ii. Depression in freezing point of a solutionThermodynamic derivation of correlation between thedepression in freezing point of a solution and the molar massof a non-volatile solute Beckmann Method and Rast Method

c.Osmotic Pressure i. Introductionii. Thermodynamic derivation of van't Hoff equation, van't Hoff

factor iii. Measurement of Osmotic Pressure - Berkeley and Hartley's

Methodiv. Reverse Osmosis

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(Numericals expected)

2. Chemical Kinetics

a. Methods of determination of rate laws Recapitulation

b.Experimental methods of studying chemical kineticsi. Conductometricii. Potentiometriciii.Optical methodsiv. Polarimetry v. Spectrophotometric methods

c. Classification of reactions i. Slow, fast and ultra –fastii. Study of kinetics of fast reactions by Stop flow method and

Flash photolysis (Derivation not expected)

Unit III

Unit III: Nuclear Chemistry

a.Detection and Measurement of Radioactivityi. Types and characteristics of nuclear radiationsii. Behaviour of ion pairs in an electric fieldiii. Detection and measurement of nuclear radiations using

G.M. Counter and Scintillation Counter

b. Radioactive Equilibrium i. Secular and transientii. Determination of radioactive constants for radio-elements

having:I. Moderate half-lifeII. Long half-life III. Extremely long or short half-life (Numerical expected)

c. Application of use of radioisotopes as Tracers i. Chemical reaction mechanismii. Age determination - dating by C14

d. Nuclear reactionsi. Nuclear transmutationii. Artificial radioactivityiii. Q - value of nuclear reaction, threshold energy

(Numerical expected)

e. Fission Process i. Fissile and fertile materialii. Nuclear fission, chain reaction

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iii. Factors controlling fission processiv. Multiplication factor and critical size or mass of fissionable

materialv. Nuclear power reactor and breeder reactor

f. Fusion ProcessThermonuclear reactions occurring on stellar bodies and earth

Unit IV Unit IV: Surface Chemistry

1. Adsorption

i. Physical and Chemical Adsorptionii. Adsorption isotherm and its typesiii. Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm (Postulates and derivation expected)iv. B.E.T. equation for multilayer adsorption (derivation not expected) Significance of the terms involved in equationv. Determination of surface area of an adsorbent using B.E.T.

equation. (Numerical expected on surface area)

2. Colloidal State

a. Introduction to colloids Classification of colloids - Emulsions, Gels and Sols

b. Electrical Propertiesi. Origin of charges on colloidal particlesii. Concept of electrical double layer, zeta potentialiii. Helmholtz and Stern’s model

c. Electro-kinetic phenomenai. Electrophoresisii. Electro-osmosisiii. Streaming potentialiv. Sedimentation potential; Donnan Membrane Equilibrium

d. Colloidal electrolytesIntroduction, micelle formation

e. Surfactants Classification and application of surfactants in detergents,food industry, pesticide formulation

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References:Unit-I

1. Atkins, P.W.; The Elements of Physical Chemistry,2nd Edition, Oxford University Press,Oxford

2. Silbey, R.J. &Alberty, R.A. Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition , John Wiley & Sons, Inc[part 1]

1. Levine, Ira; Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd.

2. Rakshit, P.C.; Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition, 2001, Sarat Book Distributors, Kolkota4. Castellan, G.; Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 5th Reprint, 1995, Narosa Publishing

House 5. Bockris, J.O.M & Reddy, A.K.N.; Modern Electrochemistry, Maria Gamboa – Aldeco

2nd Edition, 1st Indian reprint, 2006, Springer 6. Banwell, Colin N.; McCash, Elaine M.; Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th

Edn., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi, 20087. Cooper, D. & Devan, C.; Classical Methods, Vol. 1 Analytical Chemistry by Open

Learning, 1991, John Wiley & Sons 8. Barrow, G.M.; Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

New Delhi10. Vemullapallie, G.K.; Physical Chemistry, 1997, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi11. Puri, B.R.; Sharma, L.R.; Pathania, M.S.; Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal

Publishing Company, 200812. Bilmeyer, Fred W.; Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons (Asia)

Publishing Ltd., Singapore, 200713. Gowariker, V.R.; Viswanathan, N.V.; Sreedhar, Jayadev; Polymer Science, New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2005

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Course: SCHE502

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - I (Credits: 2.5 Lectures/Week: 4)Course description:Chemical bonding, Solid State materials, Chemistry of f-block elements, Solution chemistryObjectives:

To apply various symmetry operations and to recognize the optical

activity phenomenon through them To understand about solid state synthesis and the properties of some

important solid state materials such as high temperature superconductors To understand the basic trend of f-block elements along with its extraction

and uses To understand the various types of solvents and their properties

Learning Outcomes: Learner can correlate the symmetry to the spectroscopic signatures of the

molecule. Learner is exposed to a large number of inorganic materials which find

application in electronics & is also equipped with the knowledge of industrial process underlying their synthesis.

Learner is able to predict properties of rare earth elements, their significance and applications.

Learner is exposed to non-aqueous chemistry and their advantages over use of water as solvent.

Unit I

Unit – I: Chemical Bonding:

a. Molecular Symmetryi. Introduction and Importanceii. Symmetry elements and symmetry operationsiii. Concept of a Point Group and illustrations using the

following point groups: Cαv (HCl), Dαh (H2), C2v (H2O), C3v (NH3), C2h (trans – trichloroethylene), D3h (BCl3)

b.Molecular Orbital Theory for Polyatomic Speciesi. Simple triatomic species: H3+ and H3 (correlation between bond angle and Molecular

orbitals) ii. Introduction to the following terms: Walsh correlation diagram, Symmetry Adapted Linear

Combinations (SALCs), Ligand Group orbitals (LGOs) iii. Transformation of atomic orbitals into appropriate

symmetry types

c.Examples of other molecules(consider only σ -bonding):i. BeH2

ii. H2Oiii. Explanation of terms: Crystal lattice, Lattice points, Unit

cells & Lattice constants

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Unit II

Unit – II: Solid State materials

a.Structures of Solid State Materials i. Importance of solid state chemistryii. Classification of solids on the basis of bondingiii. Close packing of rigid spheres (hcp, ccp), packing density

in simple cubic, bcc, fcc and hcp lattices, Point defects with respect to Frenkel and Schottky defects

(Numerical problems expected)iv. Structure of metallic solidsv. Tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial voids in ccp lattice,

tetrahedral holes, limiting radius ratios for different coordination numbers and their significance, calculation oflimiting radius ratio for coordination number 4

vi. Structures of sodium chloride and cesium chloride

b. Superconductivityi. Superconductivity, Meissner effectii. Different superconducting materials: conventional

superconductors, organic superconductors, alkali metal fullerides (A3C60) and high temperature Superconductors

iii. Applications of superconducting materials

c. Metallic Bonding

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Unit III

Unit III: Chemistry of elements

a. Inner transition elements i. Introductionii. Position of f-block elements iii. Comparison between lanthanides and actinides

iv. Shapes of f-orbitals

a. Lanthanide Series i. Chemistry of lanthanides with reference to: lanthanide

contraction, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral propertiesii. Occurrence, extraction and separation of lanthanides by ion

exchange & solvent extraction method iii. Applications of lanthanides

a. Actinide Series i. Chemistry of Uranium: occurrence, extraction (solvent

extraction method) ii. Properties and applications

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Unit IV: Solution chemistry

a. Acid -base Chemistry in Aqueous Medium

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Unit IV i. Acidity of mono- and polyatomic cationsii. Basicity of mono- and polyatomic anions (discussion include

Latimer equation and IV predominance diagrams)iii. Chemistry of Non -aqueous Solventsiv. Classification of solvents and importance of non -aqueous

solventsv. Characteristics and study of liquid ammonia, di-nitrogen

tetraoxide and acetic acid as non -aqueous solvents with respect to (a) acid -base reactions and

(b) redox reactions

References:

1. D. Banerjea, (1993), Coordination chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, 1999, Inorganic chemistry, 3rd Ed., Oxford

University Press 3. K. F. Purcell and J. C. Kotz, 1989, Inorganic chemistry, Saunders, Hongkong 4. N. N. Greenwood and E. Earnshaw, Chemistry of elements, Pergamon Press,

Singapore5. W. L. Jolly, 1991 Modern inorganic chemistry, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co.6. B. E. Douglas and H. McDaniel, Concepts and models in Inorganic chemistry, 3rd

Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, (1994)7. G. N. Mukherjee and A. Das, 1988, Elements of Bioinorganic chemistry, Dhuri and

Sons, Calcutta8. R. W. Hay, Bioinorganic chemistry, Ellis Harwood, England9. R. C. Mehrotra and A. Singh, Organometallic chemistry: A unified approach, Wiley

Eastern, New Delhi

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Course: SCHE503

Advanced Organic Chemistry - I (Credits: 2.5 Lectures/Week: 4)Course description:Nomenclature and Stereochemistry of Organic compounds, Mechanism of Organic reactions, Photochemistry, Pericyclic reactions and Organometallic ChemistryObjectives:

To understand the mechanism of varied organic reactions

To visualize the stereochemical features of organic compounds

To name the organic compounds on the basis of IUPAC rules

To write the reactions of organometallic compounds of Copper & Zinc

To explain the concept of photochemical reactions

To apply the FMO approach in understanding pericyclic reactions

To study the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds.

To study the art of organic synthesis and the considerations thereof.Learning Outcomes:

Learner is capable of predicting the outcome (stereochemistry, regioselectivity) of a chemical reaction of a structure based on the mechanistic pathway followed.

Learner is able to interpret the strain in molecules with respect to characteristic stereochemical attributes of a system.

Learner is able to apply the reactions involving metals in organic synthesis of commercially important products.

Learner is able to correlate the structures of biomolecules & drugs to characteristic heterocyclic compounds & after learning their chemistry, can design experiments for synthesis of biologically active compounds.

Learner is able to design an organic reaction based on yields, selectivity and green & sustainable chemistry considerations.

Unit I

Unit – I: Mechanism of Organic Reactions

a. Recapitulation:Curved arrows, intermediates, transition states, electrophilicity vs acidity & nucleophilicity vs basicity

b. Elimination reactions: mechanism & stereochemistryi. E1

ii. E2

iii. Factors affecting E1 & E2, (Elimination vs substitution) Nature of substrate, Leaving group, Structure of base, Solvent

iv. Saytzeff& Hofmann eliminationv. E1cB

vi. Pyrolytic elimination: Cope, Chugaev, Pyrolysis of acetates

c. Neighboring group participation (NGP)i. Participation of lone pair of electrons in nucleophilic

substitution reactionsii. Kinetics & stereochemical outcome of NGP reactions

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d. Acyl nucleophilic substitutioni. Acid catalysed esterification – AAc2 mechanism

ii. Hydrolysis of esters - BAc2 mechanism

e. Rearrangement reactionsi. Migration to electron deficient carbon: Pinacol-pinacolone,

Benzil-benzillic acidii. Migration to electron deficient nitrogen: Hofmann,

Beckmanniii. Migration involving carbanion: Favorskii

f. Name reactionsi. Michael reaction

ii. Wittig reaction

Unit II

Unit – II: Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds I

1. Symmetry Elements, Symmetry Operations & Molecular chirality

a. Symmetry elementsi. Point

ii. Lineiii. Plane

b. Symmetry operationsi. Centre of symmetry

ii. Axis of symmetry (principal & subsidiary)iii. Alternating axis of symmetryiv. Plane of symmetry (horizontal, vertical & dihedral)

c. Asymmetry versus dissymmetry (with respect to tartaric acid- meso and the optically active isomers)

d. Molecular chirality of:i. Cumulenes

ii. Spiransiii. Biphenyls

2. Cycloalkanes: conformations & configurationsa. Strains in cycloalkanes (recapitulation) & principle strains in small, normal & medium ring compounds a) Bayer's strainb) Pitzer strainc) Transannular straind) Van der Waals strain

b. Configurations & stereoisomerism in substituted small ring

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cycloalkanes (3 and 4-membered)

c. Conformations of cycloalkanesi. Confomational analysis of cyclopentane (planar

conformation versus envelope conformation)ii. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane

Relative stabilities of conformations of mono & di- substituted cyclohexane

Unit III

Unit III: Nomenclature, Organometallic Chemistry, Photochemistry & Pericyclic reactions

1. IUPAC Nomenclaturea. Bicyclic compounds

i. Biphenylsii. Spiro

iii. Fused & Bridged ring

b. Cumulenes

2. Organometallic Chemistrya. Organocopper compounds:

Lithium dialkylcuprates- Preparation, Reactions with aliphatic, aromatic, vinylic halides

b. Organozinc compounds: Reformatsky reaction, Simmon-Smith reaction (mechanism & applications)

3. Photochemistrya. Introduction:

i. Difference between thermal & photochemical reactions ii. Jablonski diagram

iii. Singlet & Triplet statesiv. Allowed & forbidden transitionsv. Photosensitization

b. Photochemical reactions: i. Photoisomerisation of olefins

ii. Di-π methane rearrangement iii. Norrish Type I & Type II iv. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzpinacol

4. Pericyclic Reactionsa. Introduction to pericyclic reactions: Definition & characteristicsb. Types of pericyclic reactions with examples:

i. Electrocyclisationii. Cycloaddition

iii. Sigmatropic rearrangementc. π-molecular orbitals of conjugated polyenes (concept of nodes and

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energy of orbitals)d. Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO): Definition & significance e. FMO approach towards cycloaddition reaction - Diels alder

reaction & ethene dimerisation

Unit IV

Unit IV: Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Heterocyclic chemistry I

1. Logic of Chemical Synthesis (6)a. Concept of yield- stepwise & overall b. Selectivity- chemo-, regio-, stereo- (enantio- &diastereo-)c. Types of synthesis- linear, convergent & multicomponent with

examplesd. Introduction to retrosynthesis

i. Terms- Target molecule (TM), retrosynthetic analysis,FGA, FGI, Disconnection, synthon & reagent

ii. Retrosynthetic analysis of simple alcohols, carbonyls,alicyclic & aromatic compounds

e. Protecting groups in organic synthesis:i. Alcohols

ii. Amines iii. Carbonyl groupsiv. Carboxyl groups

2. Green Chemistry (2)a. Introduction, definition, need & importanceb. Principles of Green Chemistryc. Atom economy, E-factor; calculation & significance

3. Heterocyclic Chemistry- I (7)a. Nomenclature: Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature of heterocyclic

compoundsb. Introduction: Electronic structure and aromaticity of furan,

pyrrole, thiophene & pyridine.c. Preparation: Paal-Knorr synthesis of furans, pyrroles and

thiophenes &Hantzsch synthesis of pyridined. Reactivity:

i. Pyrrole, Furan & Thiophene towards ESRii. Pyridine towards ESR & NSR

e. Basicity of nitrogen heterocyclesf. Reactions:

i. 5- membered heterocycles: Halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Vilsmeier Haack reaction, Friedel crafts reaction; unusual reactions of furan: Diels Alder, ring opening reactions

ii. Pyridine: Sulfonation; reduction; Chichibabin reaction.

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References:

1. Finar, I. L. (2012) Organic Chemistry (Volume 1) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.(Pearson Education)

2. Finar, I. L. (2002) Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry ofNatural Products) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education)

3. McMurry, J.E. (2013). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning IndiaEdition

4. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P. (2012) Organic Chemistry. OxfordUniversity Press

5. Solomons, T.W.G. (2009).Organic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

6. Barton, D.; Ollis, D. (2009). Comprehensive Organic Chemistry- The synthesis and reactionsof Organic Compounds. Pergamon Press

7. Kalsi, P. S. (1990) Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed. New Age International (P) Ltd.Pub.

8. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley & sons

9. Kalsi, P. S. (2005) Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism. New Age International

10. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. (2012).Practical OrganicChemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson Education

11. March, J. (2007). March’s, Advanced Organic chemistry, 6th edition, John Wiley & sons

12. Sykes, P. (2009). A guide book of mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, PearsonEducation

13. Bruckner, R. (2005). Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reaction Mechanisms. Academic Press

14. Ahluwalia, V.K.; Parashar, R.K. (2006) Organic Reaction Mechanisms,Narosa PublishingHouse

15. Mukherji; Singh; Kapoor. (2002) Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. McMillan

16. Carey, F. A.;Sundberg, R. J. (2007).Advanced Organic Chemistry- Part A & B, 5th Edition.Springer

17. Miller B.; Prasad R. (2004). Advanced Organic Chemistry – Reactions and Mechanisms,Pearson/Prentice Hall

18. Singh J.; Yadav L. (2011), Advanced Organic Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan

19. Nasipuri, D. (2012) Stereochemistry of Organic compounds – Principles & Applications,New Age International Ltd.

20. Robinson, M. (2005).Organic Stereochemistry. Oxford University Press

21. Gilbert A.; Baggott J. (1991), Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell ScientificPublications

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22. Lancaster M.; (2016) Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text, RSC publishers

23. Anastas P.T.; Warner J.C.; (2000), Green Chemistry Theory & Practice, Oxford UniversityPress

24. Ahluvalia V.K.; (2013), Green Chemistry, Narosa Publication.

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Course: SCHE504

Advanced Analytical Chemistry - I (Credits: 3 Lectures/Week: 4)Course description:Analytical Chemistry and Methods of SeparationObjectives:

To provide a basic knowledge and understanding of core principles of

analytical chemistry To introduce basic analytical techniques and practical aspects of classical

chemical analysis To introduce stake holders to various modern instrumental methods of

analysis and separation techniques To solve problems related to chemical analysis and interpret analytical

results To inculcate research aptitude in learners

To make learners aware about the applicability of analytical chemistry in

various fields

Learning Outcomes: Learner is equipped with the knowledge of different classes of chemical

analysis and is capable of making a choice of a method based on various practical aspects of analysis.

Learner is capable of correlating the number of extractions with extractionefficiency and is able to put it to practice in experiment.

Learner is able to design experiments for analysis based on specific interactions of analyte.

Learner is able to extrapolate the knowledge of chemical analysis to industry and to research.

Unit I

Unit – I: Quality Concepts, Chemical Calculations, and Method Validation

1. Quality in Analytical Chemistry i. Concepts of Quality, Quality Control and Quality

Assurance

ii. Importance of Quality concepts in Industry

iii. Chemical Standard and Certified Reference Materials

iv. Importance in chemical analysis

v. Quality of material: AR, GR, LR grades of laboratory reagents

2. Chemical Calculations i. Review of units of concentration* (%, w/w, w/v or v/w,

v/v), Normality(N), Molarity (M), Formality (F), Molality (m), mole fraction(X), ppm and ppb

ii. Inter conversion of concentration units* (Conversion of concentration from one unit to another unit with examples)

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iii. Percent composition of elements in chemical compounds*

*( Numerical expected)

3. Analytical Method Development and Validationi. Concept of Analytical Method development

ii. Need for method developmentiii. Selecting the methodiv. Factors to consider in choosing a methodv. Performance criteria for methods to determine analyte in

samples with the complex matrixvi. Reasons for incorrect analytical results

vii. Regulatory frameworkviii. Validation of analytical method

ix. Need for validationx. Validation characteristics

Unit II

Unit – II: Methods of Separation - I

1. Solvent Extractioni. Recapitulation

ii. Factors affecting extraction: Chelation, Ion pair formation and Solvation

iii. Effect of pH on percent extraction iv. Graph of percentage extraction versus pHv. Concept of [pH] and its significance

(derivation not expected)vi. Craig’s counter current extraction:

a. Principleb. Apparatus

c. Applicationsvii. Synergistic solvent extraction- principle, factors

affecting viii. Solid phase extraction.

a. Principleb. Methodc. Applications with special reference to water and industrial effluent analysis

ix. Comparison of solid phase extraction and solvent extraction

2. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC)

i. Introduction and Principle

ii. Instrumentation- Solvent Reservoir, Degassing system,Pumps- (reciprocating pumps, screw driven-syringe typepumps, pneumatic pumps, advantages and disadvantages ofeach pump), Pre column, Sample injection system, HPLCColumns, Detectors (UV – Visible detector, Refractive indexdetector)

iii. Applications of HPLC:

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iv. Qualitative and Quantitative

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC):

i. Introduction and Principle

ii. Stationary phase, Sample application and mobile phase

iii. Detectors

iv. Scanning densitometer- Components Types of densitometer- Single beam and Double beam.

v. Fluorimetric Detector vi. Advantages, disadvantages and applications

vii. Comparison of TLC and HPTLC

Unit III

Unit III: Optical Methods

1. Atomic Spectroscopy: Flame Emission spectroscopy(FES) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS)

i. Introduction, Energy level diagrams, Atomic spectra, Absorption and Emission Spectra

ii. Flame Photometry –

a. Principle b. Instrumentation (Flame atomizers, types of Burners,

Wavelength selectors, Detectors)iii. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy – Principle, Instrumentation

(Source, Chopper, Flame and Electrothermal Atomiser)

iv. Quantification methods of FES and AAS – Calibration curve method

v. Standard addition method and internal standard method

vi. Comparison of FES and AAS

vii. Applications, Advantages and Limitations

2. Molecular Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectroscopyi. Introduction, Principle, Jablonski diagram of energy levels

ii. Relationship between Fluorescence intensity and concentration

iii. Factors affecting Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

iv. Instrumentation and applications

v. Comparison of Fluorimetry and Phosphorimetry

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vi. Comparison with Absorption methods

3. Turbidimetry and Nephelometry:i. Introduction and Principle

ii. Factors affecting scattering of Radiation: Concentration,particle size, wavelength, refractive index

iii. Instrumentation and Applications

Unit IV

Unit IV: Titrimetric Analysis

1. Redox titrations i. Introduction

ii. Construction of the titration curves and calculation of Esystem*

in case of:

a. Fe (II) v/s. Ce (IV)b. Fe (II) v/s KMnO4

iii. Theory of redox indicators

iv. Criteria for selection of an indicator

v. Use of diphenyl amine and ferroin as redox indicators

* (Numerical expected)

2. Complexometric Titrationsi. Introduction

ii. Construction of titration curve

iii. Use of EDTA as titrant and its standardization

iv. Absolute and conditional formation constants of metalEDTA complexes

v. Selectivity of EDTA as a titrant

vi. Factors enhancing selectivity with examples

vii. Advantages and limitations of EDTA as a titrant

viii. Types of EDTA titrations

ix. Metallochromic indicators- theory, examples andapplications

3. Precipitation Titrationsi. Introduction, Argentometric titrations, Construction of

titration curves.

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ii. Methods of detecting end point:

a. Volhard’s methodb. Mohr’s method

iii. Use of Adsorption indicators

References:Unit-I1. Goldberg, David E.; 3000 solved problems in Chemistry,Schaums Outline

2. A guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry: An aid to accreditation, CITAC and EURACHEM, (2002)

3. Smith, Patricia I.; A premier sampling solids, liquids and gases, American statisticalassociation and the society for industrial and applied mathematics, (2001)

4. Dux VanNostr, James P.; Reinhold, Handbook of quality assurance for the analytical chemistry laboratory, 2nd Edn.,1990

5. Konieczka, Piotr; Namiesnik, Jacek; Quality control and Quality assurance in Amalytical Chemical Laboratory, CRC press (2018)

6. Prichard, Elizabeth; Crosby, Neil T.; Prichard, Florence Elizabeth; Quality in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, John Wiley and Sons, 1995

7. Jeffery, G. H.; Bassett, J.; Memdham,, J., Denney, R C; Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5thEdn and ELBS with Longmann (1989)

Unit-II

1. Khopkar, S. M.; Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, New Age International PvtLimited

2. Christan, Gary. D.; Analytical Chemistry, 5th edition3. Chatwal, Gurdeep R.; Analytical Chromatography, Himalaya publication4. Dean, J A, Reinhold, Van Nostrand; Chemical methods of separation, 1969.5. Sethi, P.D.; High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, CBS Publisher and

Distribution6. Kumar, Prem; High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography in Food analysis,

CBS Publisher and distributer7. Mahajan, Supriya S.; Instrumental methods of Analysis, Popular Prakashan Ltd8. Sharma, B.K.; Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Goel Publishing House9. Skoog, Holler, Nieman; Principles of Instrumental Analysis , 5th EditionUnit-III1. Dean, Willard Merritt; Instrumental methods Of Analysis, 7th Edition, CBS

Publisher and Distributors Pvt Ltd2. Skoog, Holler, Nieman; Principles of Instrumental Analysis , 5th EditionUnit-IV1. Skoog,West, Holler, Analytical Chemistry, 7th Edition2. Jeffery, G. H.; Bassett, J.; Memdham,, J., Denney, R C; Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6thEdn and ELBS with Longmann

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7. Harvey, David; Analytical chemistry, McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.9. Dave, R. K., Analytical Chemistry14. Egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/43329/1/Unit-815. Food Analysis, Edited by S. Suzanne Nielsen, Springer16. Pomeranz Yeshajahu, Meloan, Clifton E.; Food Analysis: Theory and Practice,

Springer17. Sa Jellineck, Formulation and Function of Cosmetics18. Skoog, D .A.; West, D. M.; Holler, F. J.; Holt, Saunders; Fundamentals of

Analytical chemistry.19. Skoog and West, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th EditionAnalytical Chemistry, 6th Edition (1992)20. Government of India publications of food drug cosmetic Act and Rules22. Harry’s Cosmetology, Longman Scientific Co.28. Zutshi, Kamala; Introduction to Polarography and Allied Techniques, New Age

International, 200629. Thomessen, E., Modern cosmetics, Wiley Inter science31. Heyrovský, Jaroslav; Kůta, Jaroslav; Principles of Polarography, 1st Edition,

Academic Press, eBook ISBN: 97814832647834. Marcus, J.; Kertes, A. S; Solvent extraction and ion exchange, Wiley INC 196935. Jacob, Morris; The chemical analysis of food and food products, III edition36. Pearson, David and Edward, Henry, The chemical analysis of food37. Stahl, Egon; Thin Layer Chromatography, A Lab Handbook, Springer International

Student Edition

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Semester V– Practical

Course: SCHE5PR1

Practical Course work in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - I(Credits: 2.5; Practicals/Week: 2)Learning Objectives:

To learn the method of determination of rate constant conductometrically

To apply the theoretical knowledge of electrochemical cells in determination of ksp

To understand experimental determination of isoelectric point using pH metry

To understand the shape and geometry of various complexes having different ligands attached to it

To understand the set up of glassware and apparatus to conduct volumetric experiments in inorganic Chemistry

To understand the use of various indicators for specific metal ions in titration

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Non- Instrumental Experiments

A. Chemical Kinetics i. To interpret the order of a reaction graphically from the given

experimental data and to calculate the specific rate constant (No fractional order)ii.To study the effect of ionic strength on the rate of reaction

between K2S2O8 and KI using KCl

B. Surface phenomenaTo investigate the adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal and

to test the validity of Freundlich / Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm

C. Partition Coefficient To determine the distribution coefficient of iodine between carbon

tetrachloride and water

Instrumental Experiments

D. Potentiometryi. To determine the standard reduction potential of Cu++ Cu electrode ǁ

at room temperatureii. To determine the solubility product and solubility of AgCl

potentiometrically using chemical cell

E. Conductometry

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i. To determine the velocity constant of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by conductometric method

F. pH-metryi. To determine the acidic and basic dissociation constants of amino

acids and hence to calculate the isoelectric point

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

A. Preparations i. Potassium diaquobis- (oxalate) cuprate (II) K2[Cu(C2O4)2.(H2O] ii. CuCl2 - 2DMSO iii. Bis(ethylene diamine)iron (II) sulphate [C2H4( NH2)2FeSO4.4H2O]iv. Bis acetyl acetonato Cu(II)

B. Volumetric analysis i. Determination of magnesium from the supplied commercial sample

of Milk of Magnesia tablet ii. Estimation of Nickel(II) complexometrically using Murexide

indicator (Students are expected to standardize the supplied EDTA solution using ZnSO4.7H2O).

iii. Estimation of Cu by iodometric titration

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Course: SCHE5PR2

Practical Course work in Organic and Analytical Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Practicals/Week: 2)Learning Objectives:

To identify the nature of the components of a binary mixture To separate the components of a binary mixture by chemical/physical

method To purify the components of binary mixture by recrystallization To identify a component of a binary mixture To provide practical knowledge and hands-on training of analytical

chemistry and instrumentation To inculcate an aptitude for experimentation and treatment of data in

the learner To provide knowledge on preparation of analytical reagents, solutions

and their molar calculations

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Quantified Chemical Separation of a Solid-Solid Binary Mixture comprisingidentification of type of mixture, chemical separation, recrystallisation of onecomponent using a suitable solvent, identification of the second componentbased on organic spotting. The following broad types of mixtures are to be included:

a. Water soluble -water insoluble andb. Water insoluble-water insoluble;consisting of compounds belonging to acidic, phenolic, basic or neutraltypes.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

1. Spectrophotometric estimation of fluoride2. Estimation of magnesium content in Talcum powder by complexometry,

using standardized solution of EDTA3. Estimation of Copper by solvent extraction methods 4. To determine potassium content of a Fertilizer by Flame Photometry

(Calibration curve method)5. To determine the amount of persulphate in the given sample solution by

back titration with standard Fe (II) ammonium sulphate solution.6. Estimation of barium from the given sample conductometrically by

titration with sulphate ions.

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Course: SCHE5AC

Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Paints & Pigments -I (Credits: 2 Lectures/Week: 4)Course description:Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Development, and Nomenclature & Classification of Dyes & Optical brighteners; Fibres; Colour & chemical constitution; Unit Processes & Dye IntermediatesObjectives:

To acquaint the learner with different terms associated with medicinal chemistry, and their significance

To understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a

given drug molecule To recollect various pharmacodynamic agents used for varied

systemic disorders To reproduce the classification and nomenclature of dyes and

optical brightners To analyse the colour of a dye/pigment based on the different

theories of colour and constitution To write the synthesis of a given drug/dye

Learning Outcomes: Learner is able to associate with basic terms involved in medicinal

chemistry and pharmacy. Learner is able to apply the drug-receptor interactions to characteristic

class of drugs, its dosage form and dose frequency. Learner is able to predict the brighteness of colour of dyes based on the

theories of colour for its suitable application. Learner is able to differentiate between various class of dyes and the use

thereof in day to day life.PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit I

Unit – I: Routes of Drug administration, Pharmacokinetics & Drug development

1. General Introductiona) Definitions- Pharmacology, pharmacodynamics,

pharmacokinetics, pharmacophore, pharmacy & toxicology, Pharmacon, Prodrug, Half-life efficacy

b) Definition of drug (WHO), Characteristics of an ideal drug, Classification of drugs,

Properties of a desirable drug: Lipinski’s Rule of 5

c) Drug Nomenclature: Chemical name, non-proprietary name (Generic name), proprietary (Brand) name

2. Factors governing choice of routes of Drug administration

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a) Factors governing choice of route

b) Local Routes-Topical, optic and ocular; transdermal; implantation

c) Systemic routes- oral; sublingual; buccal; rectal; nasal; inhalation and nebulization; parenteral- intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal and intracardiac

d) Drug Formulations; sustained release formulations and its advantages

3. Pharmacokinetics: ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Excretion)

a) Absorption & distribution: Bioavailability, log P, drug distribution

b) Metabolism- Phase I and Phase II metabolic reactions &biotransformations

c) Excretion (with correlation to drug dosage)

4. Mechanism of drug action:a) Receptorsb) Agonistc) Antagonistd) Drug-receptor interactione) Theories of Drug-Receptor interactionf) Drug Potencyg) Drug Assayh) Drug response Curve (DRC)i) LD50

j) ED50

k) Therapeutic Indexl) Bioavailabilitym) Drug addiction

Unit II

Unit – II: Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacodynamic agents

1. Pharmacodynamic agentsa) CNS drugs: Classification based on pharmacological action (CNS

depressants & its sub-classification; and CNS stimulants)a) Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)b) Alcoholsc) Barbiturates (Classification and Mode of action)d) Hydantoin (Phenytoin)e) Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine)f) Amphetamine (Phenylethylamine)

(Asymmetric synthesis from phenyl acetic acid)

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g) Oxazolidinediones (Trimethadione) Synthesis of trimethadione

b) Analgesics, antipyretics & NSAIDsi. Analgesic & antipyretic: p-Aminophenols (paracetamol)

ii. Mechanism of inflammation, mode of action of NSAIDs (COX inhibitors) & side effectsAspirin, sodium diclofenac

iii. Cyclohexanols (Tramadol) Synthesis of Paracetamol and Tramadol

c) Antihistaminesi. Mechanism of histamine release & its action

ii. H1 and H2 receptors & mode of action of antihistaminesiii. First generation (sedating histamines):

Diphenylhydramine (Synthesis)iv. Second generation (non-sedating histamines): Cetrizine

(Synthesis from 4-chlorobenzhydryl chloride)

d) Antidiabetic agentsi. Types of diabetes mellitus (Type I & II), insulin & its

mode of actionii. Insulin therapy- Recombinant DNA technology

iii. Oral hypoglycemic drugs: mode of actioniv. Sulfonylureas;

First generation (tolbutamide)Second generation (glibenclamide)

v. Biguanides (metformin)vi. Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)

vii. α-Glucosidase inhibitor (miglitol)viii. Synthesis of tolbutamide

e) Anti-Parkinson Drugsi. Idea of Parkinson’s disease -symptoms and possible

causesii. Ethopropazine hydrochloride (phenothiazines)

iii. Leva dopa (α-amino acids)iv. Synthesis of leva dopa

f) Anti-inflammatory drugs i. Mechanism of inflammation and various inflammatory

conditionsii. Steroids (Prednisolone)

iii. N-arylanthranilic acids (Acelofenac)iv. Synthesis of Acelofenac

g) Drugs for Respiratory Systemi. Expectorants

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ii. Mucolytesiii. Decongestantsiv. Antitussivesv. Phenyl methylamines (Bromhexine)

vi. Phenyl ethylamines (pseudoephedrine)vii. Synthesis of pseudo-ephedrine

PAINTS & PIGMENTS

Unit III

Unit III: Nomenclature & Classification of dyes & Optical brighteners, Fibres

1. Introduction to dye-stuff industrya. Definitionb. Colour, chromophore &auxochromec. Solubility, linearity, coplanarityd. Fastness, substantivity& economic viabilitye. Mordants with examples

2. Dye nomenclaturea) Abbreviations used in commercial dyes- G, O, R, B, K, L, C, S,

H, 6B, GK, 6GKb) Naming of dyes by colour index

3. Types of fibresa) Natural: cellulosic & proteinaceous (wool, silk & cotton)

structures & names of dyes applied to different fibres

b) Semi-synthetic: definition & examples

c) Synthetic: nylon, polyesters & polyamides- structures & names ofdyes applied

d) Blended fabrics: definition & examples

4. Forces binding dyes to fibres: Ionic, Hydrogen bond, van der Waal's & covalent linkages

5. Classification of Dyesa) Classification of dyes based on origin

i. Natural dyes- definition, limitations, examples (henna, turmeric, saffron, indigo, madder, chlorophyll

ii. Synthetic dyes- definition, milestones in development of synthetic dyes

b) Classification of dyes based on constitution

c) Classification of dyes based on dyeing methods

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i. Basic operations involved in dyeing process: preparation of fibres, preparation of dyebath, application of dyes, finishing

ii. Dyeing method of cotton: direct dyeing, vat dyeing, mordant dyeing, disperse dyeing

d) Classification of dyes based on application (examples with structures)

i. Acid Dyes- Orange IIii. Basic dyes- Methyl violet

iii. Direct cotton dyes- Benzofast yellow 5GLiv. Azoic dyes- diazo components: Fast Yellow G, Fast

Orange R v. Mordant dyes- Eriochrome Black A, Alizarin

vi. Vat dyes- Indanthrene Brown RRDvii. Sulphur dyes- Sulphur black T (no structure)

viii. Disperse dyes- Celliton Fast Brown 3Rix. Reactive dyes- Cibacron Brilliant Red B

6. Optical brightenersa) Introduction & important characteristics

b) Classes- stilbene, coumarin, heterocyclic vinylene derivatives, diaryl pyrazolines, naphthylamide derivatives

c) Structure of Blankophor R &Tinopal BV

Unit IV

Unit IV: Colour & Chemical constitution, Unit Process & Dye Intermediates

1. Colour & Chemical Constitution of Dyesa) Absorption of visible light, colour of wavelength absorbed,

complementary colour

b) Relation between colour and chemical constitution: i. Witt's Theory: chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic

shift, hypsochromic shift, hypochromic & hyperchromic effect

ii. Armstrong theory (quininoid theory) & its limitationsiii. Valence bond theory, comparative study and relation of

colour in the following classes of compounds/dyes: benzene, nitrobenzene, nitroanilines, nitrophenols, benzoquinones, azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinones

iv. Molecular Orbital Theory

2. Unit process a) Introduction to primaries & intermediates

b) Unit processes: definition & reagents, examples of the following

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unit processes with reaction conditions (mechanism not expected)i. Nitration

ii. Sulphonationiii. Halogenationiv. Diazotization (3 different methods & its importance)v. Ammonolysis

vi. Oxidation

3. Dye Intermediatesa) Benzene derivatives: Preparation of:

i. benzenesulphonic acidii. 1,3-benzenedisulphonic acid

iii. phenol iv. resorcinol v. sulphanilic acid

vi. o-, m-, p-chloronitrobenzenes vii. o-, m-, p-nitroanilines

viii. o-,m-, p-phenylene diamines

b) Naphthalene derivatives: Preparation of:i. α, β-naphthols

ii. α, β-naphthylaminesiii. Schaeffer’s acidiv. Tobias acidv. Naphthionic acid

vi. N-W acidvii. Cleve-6-acid

viii. H-acidix. Naphthol ASix. Naphthol ASG

c) Anthracene derivatives: Preparation of:i. 1-nitroanthraquinone

ii. 1-aminoanthraquinoneiii. anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acidiv. 1-chloroanthraquinonev. 2-chloroanthraquinone

vi. Benzanthrone

References:

Unit I and II

1. Siverman, Richard, B., Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, 2nd Edition. (2005). Elsevier (Academic Press)2. Bruice, Paula Y., Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition (2013). Pearson Education India.3. Voet, Donald, &Voet, Judith G., Biochemistry, 4th Edition, (2011).

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International Student version 4. Sriram, D., Yogeeswari, P., Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Pearson5. Kar, Ashutosh, Medicinal Chemistry, Revised 3rd Edition, (2006). 6. Alagarsamy, V., Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 2, 3rd Edition. CBSPublications and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. 7. Ahluwalia , V.K., Chopra, Mahu, Medicinal Chemistry, 1st Edition (2007). CRC Press8. Thomas, Gareth, Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction, 2nd Edition, (2010). Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.9. Lemke, Thomas, L., William, Zito, S., Roche, Victoria, S., Williams, Davis,A., Essentials of Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 1st Edition, 2016,South Asian Edition (Wolters Kuwer). 10. Patrick, Graham, L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition(2011), OUP India

Unit III and IV1. Venkatraman, K., Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Vol. I-VIII, Academic Press, 19722. Lubs, H.A., Krieger, Robert, E., The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, Publishing Company, NY, 19953. Shenai, V.A., Chemistry of Dyes & Principles of Dyeing, SevakPublications, 1973

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Course: SCHE5ACPR

Practical Course Work in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paints & Pigments -I (Credits: 2 Practicals/Week: 1)Learning Objectives:

To prepare drug intermediates/drugs/dye intermediates on a bench scale To estimate the concentration of drugs in a given sample, quantitatively To develop the skill of separation of the components of a natural

pigment using paper chromatography To handle a colorimeter for estimation of dyes

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

1. Preparation of Paracetamol from p-aminophenol/Aspirin from Salicylicacid

2. Preparation of Phenytoin from urea & benzyl3. Estimation of Ibuprofen (Back titration mthod)4. Estimation of Tincture iodine

PAINTS & PIGMENTS PRACTICAL

1. Preparation of p-nitroacetanilide from acetanilide 2. Preparation of p-nitroaniline from acetanilide

3. Separation of components of natural pigments by paper chromatography (e.g. chlorophyll)

4. Colorimetric estimation of methyl orange (determination of λmaxis expected)

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Evaluation Scheme

A. Evaluation scheme for Theory courses

I. Semester End Examination ( SEE)- 100 Marks

B. Evaluation scheme for Practical courses

I. Semester End Examination ( SEE)- 200 Marks

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