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Jacksonian Democracy
Chapter 12
Lewis & Clark
• When did Lewis & Clark explore Louisiana the LA Territory?
• What did the explorations prove?
• Americans began to settle the southern portions
The argument over Missouri
• 1819-MO petitions for statehood
- 1st state carved from LA purchase
- slave state
• Northerners objected
- representation
- only consider admitting if free state
Missouri Compromise, 1819
• Mass offered northern counties as new state of Maine
- satisfied representation fears
• agreed to outlaw slavery above MO
• Compromise reaffirmed:
• South’s commitment to slavery
• North’s resentment of Southern power
Monroe Doctrine, 1823
• Monroe Doctrine established (1823)
- US was opposed to European
colonization in the Americas
- John Q. Adams
Election of 1824• Crowed field of presidential contenders
- Jackson, Adams, Clay etc.
• Andrew Jackson’s appeal
• Jackson wins pop & electoral votes
- election went to House of Rep
• Clay (House Speaker) promised Adam’s presidency in return for favor
• Adams elected
• Jackson supporters cry “Corrupt Bargain”
Election of 1828• Adam’s miserable presidency
• Jackson supporters form democratic party
- democracy, states rights & limited gov’t
• Adam’s campaign centered on Jackson’s character & wife
• Smear Campaign • Jackson overwhelmingly elected (p 318)
- vague inaugural address
Indian issues• 60k Indians still resided in the SW
- protected by federal treaties
• many states resented policy
• GA, Al, & MS defied federal policy
- began to regulate Indian affairs
• Jackson sided with the states
- believed federal gov’t lacked the power to recognize sovereignty within a state
Indian removal act of 1830• Jackson- send Indians to federal land west
of MS
• Worcester v. GA (1823)- Court declared state’s extension of power over Indian land unconstitutional
• Jackson refused to enforce decision
- allowed states to remove Indians
King Andrew
Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it!
Trail of Tears• 1838- remaining 18k Cherokees sent to
Oklahoma• 4k died of disease & starvation (p 320)
• removal unconstitutional
> violated supreme court decision
> strengthened Jackson’s commitment to state sovereignty
Age of Jackson
• created spoils system“to the victor belong the spoils”
Martin Van Buren• Whig party (1830s)
• Van Buren elected (1837)
• Panic of 1837
- many businesses close doors & unemployment rises
• What do the Whigs shout?
Election of 1840• Van Buren gets blame
• William Harrison elected• “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” (p 331)
Second party system established
• balanced budget (1833)
• Whigs & Democrats (1830-60)
• Both candidates received nearly equal levels of support in slave & free states
• Parties could take no state for granted