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INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
Jack Sheldon
IEC Standardization
Strategy Manager
Moscow
2015-10-20
Contents
• The origins of the IEC
• The IEC today
• Structure
• Procedures
• How standards are used
• IEC 61140 – Protection against electric
shock
• Participation in the standards work
• IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 2
IEC 100 years ago
• Founded in 1906 to promote international
co-operation on all questions of
standardization and related matters in the
field of electrotechnology
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 3
Where the IEC fits in
• World leading global organization –
recognized by the WTO
• Consensus-based International
Standards
• Manages conformity assessment
systems
• Covers all electric and electronic
products, systems and services,
collectively known as electrotechnology
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 4
The IEC in 1906
• First President: Lord Kelvin
• Honorary Secretary: Colonel Crompton
• Acting Secretary: Mr. le Maistre
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 7
IEC standards in 1914
• Terms and definitions for electrical
machinery
• Letter symbols for quantities and units
• Resistance of copper
• Definitions for hydraulic turbines
• Definitions and recommendations for
rotating machines and turbines
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 8
IEC Committees in 1914
• Nomenclature
• Symbols
• Rating of Electrical Machinery
• Prime Movers
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 9
Contents
• The origins of the IEC
• The IEC today
• Structure
• Procedures
• How standards are used
• IEC 61140 – Protection against electric
shock
• Participation in the standards work
• IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 10
IEC in numbers (end 2014)
• Number of TC/SCs 174
• Number of WG/PT/MTs 1310
• Number of experts ~ 15 400
• Active projects 1 577
• Publications 6 933
• Publications in 2014 487
• Average time to develop
publication 32,5 months
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 11
Scope of the IEC
• IEC standards for safety
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 12
Home appliances
Medical equipment …
Scope of the IEC
• IEC standards for consumer electronics
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 13
Audio
Video
Interconnectivity…
Scope of the IEC
• IEC standards for our future
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 14
Smart electrification
Renewable energies
Electric Vehicles …
IEC mission
• Encourage national adoption of
International Standards
• Stimulate world trade and business by
ensuring technical and market relevance
of its products
• Make results applicable and available for
voluntary adoption world wide
• Set the framework for conformity
assessment in global markets
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 16
Management
Advisory
Committees
STANDARDIZATION
MANAGEMENT
BOARD (SMB) Management of
International Standards
work
Technical Committees
Strategic Groups
Advisory Committees
Systems Activities
Working Groups
Systems
CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT
BOARD (CAB) Management of conformity
assessment activities and
systems
IECEx
IECEE
IECQ
MARKET
STRATEGY
BOARD (MSB) Technology watch /
market priorities
Special Working
Groups
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 17
CENTRAL
OFFICE (The Executive)
IEC COUNCIL (C) (Full Member National Committees)
COUNCIL BOARD (CB)
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (EXCO) (IEC Officers)
Types of participation
• IEC is a voluntary association of National Committees that fully represent electrotechnical interests in their countries
• Government, industry, testing laboratories, academia, consumer groups…
• Membership – one member per country
• Members
• Associate members
• Affiliate Country programme
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 18
National Committees – their role
• Support the use of IEC conformity assessment
schemes and standards within each nation and
region, including translation
• Coordinate each nation’s consensus viewpoint and
present in IEC via participation in the meetings
• International consensus standards development,
• Conformity assessment scheme operations, and
• IEC governance
• Members may vote on all policy issues and
technical matters – one country, one vote
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 19
Rights of IEC Participants
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 20
Full Members
(NC) (60)
Associate
Members (23)
Affiliates
(83)
Authorized to participate
and submit votes on all
TC/SC and Council
documents
Authorized to participate and
submit votes / comments on
documents of 4 selected
TC/SCs
May not vote
Authorized to submit
comments on all TC/SC and
Council documents
Authorized to submit
comments only on TC/SC
documents but not on
Council documents
Authorized to submit
comments on the
documents of 10 selected
TC/SCs
FULLY PARTICIPATE IN
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDIZATION
ACTIVITIES
LIMITED
PARTICIPATION OF
COUNTRIES
RESTRICTED TYPE
OF PARTICIPATION
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 21 AM = Associate member
Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia
Croatia Cuba
Cyprus Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy
Japan Jordan
Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (Republic of) Latvia Libya
Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Moldova
Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway
Pakistan Philippines, Rep. of
Poland Portugal
Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Thailand The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Tunisia Turkey Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States of America
Vietnam
Morocco
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Montenegro
DPR of Korea
IEC-ReCNA
Boston
IEC-LARC
São Paulo
IECQ-IECEx
Sydney
IEC CO
Geneva
IEC-APRC
Singapore
IEC Offices
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 23
IEC has an industry focus
• Industry driven organization
• 90% of technical committees officers
• Responds to industry needs in timely
fashion
• Focuses on market needs & industry
requirements
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 24
IEC and other organizations – Liaisons
• International – ISO, ITU, ILO, WHO, IMO,
OIML, BIPM …
• Regional – CENELEC (Dresden
agreement), COPANT, AFSEC, ASEAN,
Mercosur
• Other organizations – IEEE, CIE, CIGRE
• Industrial associations – EACEM, DLNA,
PROFIBUS, WFUMB …
Currently 156 organizations in liaison
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 25
How IEC standards are developed
• Established standards development
process
• National Committees involved at each
stage
• Technical committees established for
specific fields of activity
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 26
Standards development stages
• New Proposal NP
• Working Draft WD
• Committee Draft CD
• Committee Draft for Vote CDV
• Final Draft International Standard FDIS
• International Standard IS
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 27
Standards or product design
• Standards may be for products, services,
processes
• Good standards talk not about the “how”,
but about the desired result
• The standard specifies the performance,
safety, external characteristics, ...
• There will be many ways of designing the
product to conform to these aspects
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 28
Ensuring global relevance
• IEC Global relevance policy
• Inclusion of essential differences
• Environment
• Infrastructure
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 29
WTO (TBT, Annex 4) In order to serve the interests of the WTO membership in facilitating international trade and preventing unnecessary trade barriers, international standards need to be relevant and to effectively respond to regulatory and market needs, as well as scientific and technological developments in various countries. They should not distort the global market, have adverse effects on fair competition, or stifle innovation and technological development. In addition, they should not give preference to the characteristics or requirements of specific countries or regions when different needs or interests exist in other countries or regions. Whenever possible, international standards should be performance based rather than based on design or descriptive characteristics.
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 30
How IEC standards are used
• National adoption
• National or regional adoption
• Formal adoption process in some
countries
• Used directly by reference in regulation
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 31
How IEC standards are used
• Regulation
• Safety
• Health
• Environment
• Electromagnetic Compatibility
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 32
Benefits for end-users
• Comparison to specific parameters
• Possess knowledge for better choice of
future actions
• Choose product or service from
competing alternatives
• Opportunity to test & compare
• Simplified life
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 33
Economic benefits
• Positive effect on innovation
• Positive effect on growth, particularly on
exports
• Promote intra-industry trade and lead to
international competitiveness
• Encourage technology transfer
• Economic benefits of standardization ~
1% of GNP
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 34
Benefits to trade and GDP
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 35
Percentage increase of IEC member countries' GDP and trade
relative to 1965
0%
1000%
2000%
3000%
4000%
5000%
6000%
7000%
8000%
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
GDP current US$ Trade current US$
Source: World Development Indicators 2007 (World Bank)
Contents
• The origins of the IEC
• The IEC today
• Structure
• Procedures
• How standards are used
• IEC 61140 – Protection against electric
shock
• Participation in the standards work
• IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 36
IEC 61140 – Protection against
electric shock
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 37
• Basic safety standard
• Forms the basis of safety requirements
for all electrical appliances
• Consists of fundamental safety
requirements
IEC 61140 – Protective provisions
• Basic protection
• Basic insulation
• Barriers or enclosures
• Obstacles
• Placing out of arm’s reach
• Limitation of voltage
• Limitation of steady-state current and charge
• Potential grading
• Other provisions
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 38
IEC 61140 – Protective provisions
• Provisions for fault protection
• Supplementary insulation
• Protective-equipotential-bonding
• Protective screening
• Indication and disconnection in HV installations
• Automatic disconnection
• Simple separation
• Non-conducting environment
• Potential grading
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 39
Recent example of IEC work • Universal phone charger
International Standard
IEC 62684
• Reduce waste
• Reduce the environmental
impact
• Reduce manufacturing costs
• Make life simpler for the end-
user
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 40
Contents
• The origins of the IEC
• The IEC today
• Structure
• Procedures
• How standards are used
• IEC 61140 – Protection against electric
shock
• Participation in the standards work
• IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 41
Why participate in IEC work?
• Influence the development and content of
IEC standards
• Early warning of developing markets,
establish customer contacts
• Improve product safety and quality
• Rationalization and cost reduction in
design and manufacturing
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 42
Benefits for governments
• International Standards are best source
for governments
• Recognized source for WTO compliance
• Standards provide detailed technical
interpretation of the law
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 43
Benefits for Multinationals
• Build acceptance in global markets
• Influence the content of standards
• Develop anticipatory intelligence
• Use customer networks
• Save time and money
• Improve safety and quality
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 44
How to participate
• Through National Committee
• Information about IEC work available on
IEC website http://www.iec.ch to
everyone
• All IEC working documents available on
website
• Access to documents is responsibility of
National Committee
• Participation in standards work is
responsibility of National Committee 20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 46
Contents
• The origins of the IEC
• The IEC today
• Structure
• Procedures
• How standards are used
• IEC 61140 – Protection against electric
shock
• Participation in the standards work
• IEC Conformity Assessment Systems
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 47
Conformity assessment
• Global
• Multilateral
• Based on International Standards
• IECEE (www.iecee.org)
• IECEx (www.iecex.com)
• IECQ (www.iecq.org)
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 48
Types of conformity assessment
• 1st party
• 2nd party
• 3rd party
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 49
IEC conformity assessment systems
• Fundamental principles:
• Peer assessment
• Mutual recognition
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 50
How it works – Part 1
• Manufacturer makes a fridge
• The laboratory tests the product for conformity
• The certification body issues a certificate
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 52
How it works - Part 2
• Manufacturer now wishes to sell the fridge in another country
• Manufacturer sends the certificate to a certification body in the second country
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 53
How it works – Part 3
• Second certification body
issues its certification
mark without having to re-
test the fridge
• Manufacturer may export
the product to that country
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 54
IEC conformity assessment systems
• Build confidence
• Reduce costs
• Accelerate market access
• Expand markets
• Support global trade
20/10/2015 Introduction to IEC 56