J Unit 5 IntroToPetroAndPicto

8/12/2019 J Unit 5 IntroToPetroAndPicto

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UNIT 5

INTRODUCTION TO PETROGLYPHS AND PICTOGRAPHS

(Adapted from Intrigue of the Past. A Teacher’s Activity Guide for Fourththrough Seventh Grades , Bureau of Land Management, 1993, pp. 95-96)

Objectives:Students wi !e a! e to differentiate !etween a petrog "p# and a

pi$tograp#.Students wi dis$o%er t#at t#e stud" of petrog "p#s $an !e a too for

earning a!out t#e past.Students wi understand t#at different groups of peop e $reated t#e

petrog "p#s on Mesa &rieta.

Students wi understand t#e use of a time ine.

Subjects: So$ia Studies, S$ien$e, Art.

Suggested time: 'wo $ ass periods.

!te"i!#s:op" for students Petroglyphs and Pictographs student information

s#eet (5 - *).+rom t#e trun &#otos of petrog "p#s and pi$tograp#s.+rom t#e tea$#er +or ea$# student Mode ing $ a", toot# pi$ , water

$o or paint set, $up for water, paper towe s, wa ed paper, pen$i , drawing paper. +or t#e $ ass two !u$ ets (ma" !e $#e$ ed out from t#e M&&&offi$e)

+or t#e tea$#er / Flintknapping (05 min.), a%ai a! e at Bande ier ationa Monument, 525-6* -3461. A so Ancestral Pueblo People of Bandelier A Guide for !th Grade Teachers" a%ai a! e on ine at#ttp www.nps.go% !and fortea$#ers fourt#-grade- esson-p ans.#tm. BLM

!ro$#ure #ystery of the #esa a%ai a! e on ine at

#ttp www.! m.go% edu$ation 22 resour$es arti$ es m"ster" of t#e mesa inde .#tm

$%c!bu#!"&:Ag"icu#tu"e ' '#e raising and $aring for p ants and or anima s for

food and or ot#er materia s.A(cest"!# Pueb#% ' An$ient &ue! o peop e w#o i%ed from a!out

1 22-1502 A . Sometimes referred to as 7Anasa8i7. t is a a%a:o word for

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enem" an$estor. '#e &ue! o peop e did not want t#eir an$estors referred toas enemies.

A"c)!e%#%gist ' A s$ientist w#o studies an$ient peop es and $u tures.A"c)!ic ' (ar-<A=-i ) An$ient peop e or $u ture. '#e peop e w#o first started

ma ing petrog "p#s on Mesa &rieta #a%e !een designated Ar$#ai$.At#!t# ' (A-tu -A-tu ) A so $a ed a

spear t#rower. A s#ort sti$ w#i$# e tendst#e engt# of t#e arm, for #unting argeanima s wit# a spear. +irst used !" &a eo-

ndian peop es.Ge(*s!"%s ' (#a"- >>-sa-ros) ati%e

peop e w#o were ta en as s a%es !" t#eSpanis# and ater !e$ame free.

G"!++iti ' S$ri!! es, drawings or ins$riptions on wa s, ro$ s or ot#er

surfa$es, often $onsidered to !e %anda ism w#en it affe$ts petrog "p#s.Hist%"ic time ' 'ime period after t#e first >uropeans arri%ed in w#at

is now ew Me i$o, !eginning a!out 522 "ears ago.Hu(te"s,g!t)e"e"s ' omadi$ peop e w#o i%ed on t#e p ants t#e"

gat#ered and anima s t#e" #unted. '#e ear iest #unter-gat#erers i%ed in t#eSout#west from a!out 12,222 to 5,522 B . and t#is wa" of ife was i%ed !"some peop es into ?istori$ times.

%de"( ' '#e time period after 1952.P!(e# ' a group of pi$tograp#s and or petrog "p#s on a sing e ro$

surfa$e.P!ti(! ' t#e dar $oating t#at forms on ro$ s o%er #undreds of "ears

in an arid $ imate. Sometimes $a ed desert %arnis#.P!#e%'I(di!( ' ew Me i$o@s ear iest peop e were nomadi$ fami ies

w#o i%ed during t#e $e Age and #unted arge mamma s su$# as giant !ison,ante opes and #orses.

Pec-i(g ' mar s made !" #itting t#e !asa t ro$ wit# anot#er #ardro$ or ant er. Sometimes a #ammer stone was used.

Pet"%g#&.) ' a design pe$ ed, $#ipped, s$rat$#ed or a!raded into aro$ surfa$e.

Pict%g"!.) ' a design painted or drawn on a ro$ surfa$e.P%st Eu"%.e!( C%(t!ct ' t#e time after t#e Spanis# arri%ed in

nort#ern M in 1502 A .Ri% G"!(de st&#e ' A parti$u ar st" e of petrog "p# found a ong t#e

ort#ern io rande drainage t#at was made !" An$estra &ue! o peop e.

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R%c- !"t ' a mis eading term for t#e pe$ ing or painting of designsonto ro$ surfa$es. t is !e ie%ed t#at t#is was not an art form !ut wasdone for re igious purposes.Re.!ti(!ti%( ' t#e return of patina o%er man" #undreds of "ears,

dar ening t#e petrog "p#s.S&mb%# ' a design w#i$# represents a $on$ept or idea.

/!c-g"%u(d:'#ere is detai ed information a!out t#e ear " peop es of ew Me i$o

in Intrigue of the Past $iscovering Archaeology in %e& #e'ico" w#i$# iso$ated in t#e $iscovering #esa Prieta resour$e trun .

Setti(g t)e st!ge: Crite on $ards or t#e !oard t#e words .et"%g#&.) and.ict%g"!.) . is$uss t#e definitions and e p ain t#at !ot# design met#odsare $ assified as ro$ art. > p ain t#at ro$ art is a mis eading term !e$ause

it is !e ie%ed t#at petrog "p#s and pi$tograp#s are neit#er art nor writing, !uta form of re igious e pression. Crite on $ards or t#e !oard t#e root wordsand t#eir meanings. is$uss t#e meanings of t#e words and #ow t#e" areformed.

pi$to D to paint (Latin) grap# D to write ( ree ) petro D ro$ (Latin) g "p# D $ar%ed wor ( ree )

&ass out to ea$# student Petroglyphs and Pictographs student informations#eet. ?a%e students read t#e first paragrap# as a $ ass.

Activit& 0 Pict%g"!.)s > p ain t#atsome of t#e paints were made !" grindingdifferent $o ored minera s or $ a"s andmi ing t#em wit# anima fat. Et#er paintswere made from $o ored !erries or ot#er

parts of p ants and mi ed wit# egg w#iteas a !inder. #ar$oa wands were a soused. Students $an e periment wit#different materia s to $reate t#eir own

paints t#at t#e" $an paint onto ro$ s.

&aint !rus#es were made from "u$$aea%es. En " one pi$tograp# #as !een

found on Mesa &rieta, per#aps !e$auset#ere are %er" few $a%es or o%er#angs to

prote$t t#em from t#e weat#er.&i$tograp#s are usua " found in

$a%es or under ro$ o%er#angs. n ;ta#, *222 "ear o d pi$tograp#s #a%e

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Pictograph at Bandelier %ational #onu(ent



!een found, w#i e man" famous e amp es 35,222 "ears o d #a%e !een foundin $a%es in +ran$e and Spain.

1. ?a%e t#e students oo at different p#otograp#s of petrog "p#s and pi$tograp#s and dis$uss w#at t#e" now a!out t#em. is$uss t#eterms .!(e# and s&mb%#.

. Students $#oose one pi$tograp# p#otograp# ea$# or pass t#em outrandom ". As t#e students to imagine t#at t#e" are i%ing during t#etime of t#e An$estra &ue! o peop e and pretend t#at t#e paper is t#esurfa$e of a !asa t !ou der. ?a%e t#em write t#eir name and a so t#eword Fpi$tograp#G on t#eir paper. As t#e students to draw wit#

pen$i and t#en paint one or more designs from t#e p#otograp#s or as"m!o i$ design of t#eir own on t#e paper. ( nstead of drawing paper"ou $ou d use paper !ags $ut in a roundis# s#ape and $rump ed torepresent t#e ro$ .) Students ma" s#are $ups of water and s#ou d

$ ean t#eir !rus#es e%er" time t#e" $#ange to anew $o or. '#e id of t#e paint set ma" !e usedfor mi ing new $o ors. ?a%e one !u$ et fi edwit# $ ean water and an empt" !u$ et for t#estudentsH dirt" water. C#en t#e studentsHwater $ups get dirt", t#e" ma" dump t#em intoone !u$ et and get $ ean water from t#e ot#erone. uring $ ean-up !e sure t#at t#e" $ eanea$# $o or and t#en t#e id wit# paper towe s.

O.ti%(!# 'ea$#er or $ ass $ut narrow "u$$aea%es to ma e into !rus#es. ut off t#e point

so no one wi get po ed. #ew or pound wit#a ro$ t#e ot#er end of t#e eaf unti t#e fi!ersseparate. t is important to s#ow respe$t for t#e "u$$a p ant. ut on "t#e num!er of ea%es t#at "ou need and w#en "ou are finis#ed wit#t#em, return t#em to t#e eart#.

Activit& 1: Pet"%g#&.)s > p ain to students

t#at petrog "p#s are found on man" ro$surfa$es su$# as !asa t, sandstone, imestone,granite and %o $ani$ as#. A of t#e

petrog "p#s on Mesa &rieta were made on !asa t !ou ders t#at are t#e #ardened a%a fromt#e t#ree mi ion "ear o d a%a f ow. '#ese

!asa t !ou ders werenHt a wa"s ! a$ . As t#e

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Student )pictograph)



red #ot a%a $oo ed, most of t#e ro$ s turned gra". E%er #undreds of "ears inan arid $ imate a ! a$ $oating $a ed .!ti(! formed on t#e !asa t. '#e ear "

peop e w#o i%ed #ere dis$o%ered t#at if t#e" pe$ ed t#roug# t#e patina, t#egra" ro$ s#owed and it was possi! e to ma e designs on t#e !ou ders. E%er#undreds of "ears t#e patina $omes !a$ , dar ening t#e pe$ ed out

petrog "p#s. '#is is $a ed "e.!ti(!ti%( . Ar$#aeo ogists $an te !" t#erepatination if one petrog "p# is "ounger or o der t#an anot#er.

(+or ad%an$ed students) Se%era different te$#niIues were used to $reate petrog "p#s.

Pec-i(g: '#e te$#niIue of using a #ammer ro$ wit# a #arder ro$ orant er to $#ip out itt e pie$es of ro$ in order to $reate petrog "p#s.Sometimes a #ammer stone was used. A so refers to t#e mar s made wit#t#is te$#niIue.

Ab"!di(g Mar s made !" ru!!ing a stone against a ro$ fa$e, oftenunti it was smoot#.

Sc"!tc)i(g '#e te$#niIue of ru!!ing a s#arp #ard ro$ or metaagainst t#e patina on t#e !asa t. '#e ines are usua " t#in, s#a ow andsometimes %er" faint.

I(cisi(g '#e te$#niIue of using a s#arp ro$ edge to ma e ines in aro$ surfa$e. After t#e $oming of t#e >uropeans, some petrog "p#s werein$ised using meta .

1. f "our students #a%enHt e amined !asa t ro$ s !efore, t#is wou d !e a good time to pass t#em around.

. > p ain t#at t#e students wi now pretend t#at a s a! of $ a" is t#e !asa t !ou der and t#e" wi $reate petrog "p#s wit# a toot# pi$ . Be sure tote t#em t#at t)e c#!& must be "etu"(ed!t t)e e(d %+ t)e !ctivit& . &ass out a

pie$e of wa ed paper, toot# pi$ and a pie$e of $ a" to ea$# student. '#e" s#ou d soften t#e $ a" !"sIuee8ing it and t#en form it into a Ftorti aG or s a!. ;sing t#e

toot# pi$ , t#e" ma" draw a design and t#en pe$ it to en arge ort#i$ en t#e ines. '#e" ma" a so use t#e !a$ of t#e s a!.3. =ou ma" want to #a%e t#e $ ass Iuiet " mo%e around t#e room to

oo at ea$# ot#erHs designs. '#en as for positi%e $omments.0. 'o $ ean up, as students to fo d t#eir s a!s in #a f and t#en in #a f

again. &ound t#em on t#e wa ed paper to form $o umns and t#en$o e$t t#em.

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5. e%iew t#e differen$e !etween pi$tograp#s and petrog "p#s andw#at e se t#e" #a%e earned.

Activit& 2: D!& 1 ?a%e t#e students read t#e se$ond part of t#e student information

s#eet *ho #ade the Petroglyphs+ (5 - *) in groups or as a $ ass anddis$uss. reate a simp e time ine on t#e !oard and #a%e students $op" it

12,222-5,522 B 5,522 B -*22 A *22-1 22 A 1 22-1502 A 1502-1952 A 1952 - &resent &a eo- ndian Ar$#ai$ >ar " Agri$u tura An$estra &ue! o ?istori$ Modern (&ost >uropean onta$t)

E3te(si%( Activit& As a $ ass or in sma groups read #ystery of the #esa .A$ti%ities are a%ai a! e on t#e we!site. n Intrigue of the Past $iscovering

Archaeology in %e& #e'ico , t#ere is an a$ti%it" a!out at at s. '#ere is moredetai ed information a!out t#e %arious peop e w#o $reated t#e petrog "p#s.

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ame ate

U(it 54 I(t"%ducti%( t% Pet"%g#&.)s !(d Pict%g"!.)s

PETROGLYPHS AND PICTOGRAPHS Stude(t I(+%"m!ti%( S)eet

+rom pre#istori$ times up to t#e present ati%e Ameri$ans as we as peop es from a o%er t#e wor d #a%e$reated designs on ro$ .A"c)!e%#%gists ana "8e t#esefigures and designs, and often find

t#at different groups of peop e made differentst" es of designs. '#emost $ommon.et"%g#&.)s on Mesa&rieta are $a ed FRi%G"!(de St&#e G. '#ere#as !een one

pi$tograp# found onMesa &rieta. C#i e aof t#e petrog "p#s

found on Mesa &rieta are on !asa t

!ou ders, in ot#er p a$es petrog "p#sare found $ar%ed into sandstone,%o $ani$ as# and granite.

'#e meaningsof t#e s"m!o sare oftenm"sterious andun nown. Some

ati%eAmeri$an tri!es#a%e an$ientstories t#at tea!out t#e designs and t#eir meanings

!utsometimes t#e meanings are am"ster" to e%er"one.

Man" nati%e peop e !e ie%e t#at t#espirit of t#e artist is $onne$ted wit#t#e wor J t#erefore, petrog "p#s and

pi$tograp#s are sa$red and must !etreated wit# respe$t. Ce $an aen:o", appre$iate and respe$t t#edesigns t#at we find on t#e ro$ s.

WHO MADE THE

PETROGLYPHS?

P!#e%'I(di!( Pe"i%d: 12,222 B to5,522 B .

'#e ear iest peop ew#o are nown to#a%e i%ed in t#earea of Mesa&rieta were #untersand gat#erers.Spear points $a ed+o som pointswere found onMesa &rieta. '#ese

peop e i%edduring t#e ast i$eage and werenomadi$. '#e"

#unted arge mamma s su$# as giant !ison and #orses wit# spears andspear-t#rowers $a ed at at s.

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A"c)!ic Pe"i%d: 5,522 B to *22A .

t is !e ie%ed t#at t#e Ar$#ai$ peop e$reated t#e first petrog "p#s on Mesa&rieta. '#e" made most " geometri$designs su$# as $ir$ es, ines,

diamonds, and ot#er po "gons. '#ese patterns are often %er" diffi$u t to see !e$ause of #ea%" re-patination.Ar$#ai$ peop e were nomadi$ #untersw#o used at at s. '#e" a so gat#ered p ants and roots to eat. B" t#e end of

t#is time period, t#e Ar$#ai$ peop ewere p anting seeds and returning tot#eir fie ds e%er" so often to $are fort#em.

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Archaic patterns on rock.

,racks in rock not sho&n.

Archaic petroglyphs. Photo by -kkehart #alotki



E!"#& Ag"icu#tu"!# Pe"i%d: *22 Ato 1 22 A .

As peop e !egan to grow more $ropssu$# as $orn (mai8e), !eans andsIuas#, t#e" sa%ed t#e seeds to p antt#e ne t "ear. '#e food produ$ed !"agri$u ture a owed e tended fami "groups to ma e permanent #omes and

i%e in sma %i ages.

A(cest"!# Pueb#% Pe"i%d: 1 22 Ato 1502 A 4

'#e an$estors of t#emodern &ue! o peop e

i%ed in arge pue! o%i ages andagri$u ture was %er"important in order tofeed man" peop e.

Most of t#e petrog "p#s t#at wefind on Mesa &rieta were made !"t#ese peop e. '#e designs were oftenof anima s, peop e, s#ie ds, p ants,and s " s"m!o s.

Man" f ute p a"ers weremade during t#is time.

Hist%"ic Pe"i%d (&ost >uropeanonta$t : 1502 A to a!out 52 "ears

ago.

uring t#is time period t#e petrog "p#s were made !" four differentgroups of

peop e1. &ue! o

. Spanis#3. enKsaros0. Ang os

'#ere areman"

petrog "p#s of $rosses and ot#erre igious s"m!o s, #orses and ridersand Spanis# ions t#at weremade during t#istime. S#eep#erders mademan" of t#ese

petrog "p#s

w#i e $aring fort#eir f o$ s ast#e" gra8ed ont#e Mesa.

%de"( Pe"i%d: 1952 to t#e present.

Mar ingsmade after1952mig#t !e anew image,a date, or a

person@sname orinitia s.

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#odern (arking ) /01/23)

-uropean/styleheraldic lion

A variety of ,hristiancrosses.



e$ent " made petrog "p#s #a%e !eenfound on Mesa &rieta.

Modern mar ings on top of ane isting petrog "p# are $onsidered to

!e destru$ti%e graffiti.

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#odern petroglyph

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J Unit 5 IntroToPetroAndPicto