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J. Robert Oppenheimer meets with General Leslie Groves at Los Alamos
The physicist Edward Teller, champion of the Hydrogen Bomb
Hiroshima mushroom cloud from the air
The atomic fire ball rises over Hiroshima houses miles from ground zero
The ruins of Hiroshima, August 1945
A suburb of Nagasaki, destroyed by the blast and fires caused by the second American atomic bomb,
August 9, 1945
Charred remains of a young boy, Nagasaki, August 10, 1945
A Hiroshima survivors drawing of the “Black Rain” (nuclear fallout) that fell following the atomic bomb blast
Nagasaki survivors of the initial atomic blast
Hiroshima girl suffering from radiation sickness
Young girl in Nagasaki who has lost her hair from radiation sickness, September 1945
U.S. Nuclear TestingU.S. Nuclear Testing
1945-1988 conducted 1030 1945-1988 conducted 1030 knownknown nuclear nuclear teststests
Total yield approximately 174 megatons or Total yield approximately 174 megatons or 174,000,000 tons of TNT174,000,000 tons of TNT
Combined Hiroshima and Nagasaki blasts Combined Hiroshima and Nagasaki blasts were about 30,000 tonswere about 30,000 tons
Thus have detonated about 6000 times Thus have detonated about 6000 times more nuclear tonnage on U.S. or U.S. more nuclear tonnage on U.S. or U.S. holdings than that used on Japanholdings than that used on Japan
Inhabitants of the Bikini Atoll being evacuated by the U.S. Navy, 1946
The Bikini Atoll test of a 15 megaton hydrogen bomb, the largest tested in American history
Massive crater left in Bikini Atoll by the hydrogen bomb test
The Nevada Test Site
American soldiers
deliberately exposed to
nuclear blasts
Cars positioned to test the effects of an atomic blast,
June 1953, Nevada Test Site
Frame timber house built to study the effects of atomic blasts on civilian populations, Nevada Test Site, June
1953
Map of radioactive Iodine-131 deposition from the 1953 Upshot-Knothole tests
1990 Radiation Exposure 1990 Radiation Exposure Compensation ActCompensation Act
Provided congressional compensation for Provided congressional compensation for people who became ill because of exposure people who became ill because of exposure from bomb testsfrom bomb tests
2000 expanded to include people in much of 2000 expanded to include people in much of the West who:the West who: Lived in the region from 1951-1958Lived in the region from 1951-1958 Documented proof of having leukemia, thyroid Documented proof of having leukemia, thyroid
dysfunction, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, etc.dysfunction, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, etc. Expected to pay out $900 million in claims to Expected to pay out $900 million in claims to
thousands of victimsthousands of victims