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J
RECEIV ED US E PA
Clerk of the Board US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Appeals Board 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW E~JVIR APPEALS BOARD Mail code 11 03M Washington DC 20460-0001 Date August 132013
PETITION SEEKING BOARD REVIEW OF UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PERMIT MI-009-2D-0217
I am requesting board review ofthe Regions actions on the above pennit for the following reasons
1) Tenninology used in Responses 1 4 7 9 10 and 11 include the phrase should which suggests that no final scientific detennination has been made in regard to these issues and leaves the matter open to interpretation at the discretion of the regulatory agency This includes the question of contamination of water wells in the vicinity and the contamination of local waterways including the Jordan River and Lake Michigan and the Great Lakes aquifer The word should in regulatory documents is open-ended and vague and indicates the need for more study
2) Response 4 discusses EPAs finding about the environmental safety of injection wells but does not cite the finding The next paragraph refers to the penneability of rock layers but does not cite the geological evidence to support the claim It also mentions the 40 feet of Bell Shale above the Dundee limestone to indicate that those 40 feet will protect the injected waste from drinking water I am requesting scientific and geological evidence to support this claim and to constitute proof that the claim is valid
3) Responses 2 and 5 are in reference to seismic activity stating that there are no documented cases of seismic activity in Antrim County However a fault line has been identified extending from Antrim County through Otsego according to research by James Wood MTU and William Harrison WMU (December 2002) and the US Geological Survey recommends an assessment of the absence or presence of faults to reduce risk of leaks from underground wells I am questioning the wisdom of claiming no seismic activity when a fault line is present There is no proof there will never be activity and there is always a possibility of occurrence
4) Response 6 is in regard to the designation of the Jordan River as a Wild and Scenic River and notes that well drilling and brine injection is pennitted under the law I dont dispute that claim I propose that the current regulations are irresponsible and threaten our most precious resource water The headwaters of the Jordan River and its watershed in which I reside and in which the proposed injection well is located feed the Jordan which flows into Lake Charlevoix and is connected to Lake Michigan the significance of which cannot be overstated Surely the EPA has an interest in protecting the Great Lakes
5) 15 16 and 17 is that no laws wells from drinking water wells and no
injection wells may leak The fact that no does not justify lack of regulation Conversely isnt the burden the individual or that seeks to engage in risky behavior that us that the wells wont leak the Response notes owners are responsible for clean-up due to contamination Why is
it is so
In permit should be declared invalid Furthur of the ramifications injection of brine solution is imperative allows this
Sincerely
RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
Date JU L 2 5 2013
REGARDING UNDERGROlJND INJECTION CONTROL (DIC) PERMIT MI-009-2D-0217 ISSUED TO CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC FOR THE STRATTON 16-4 INJECTION WELL IN ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN FOR THE PURPOSE OF NONCOMMERCIAL DISPOSAL OF OILFIELD BRINE FROM PRODUCTION WELLS OWNED OR OPERATED BY CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC
Introduction
Tbis response to comments document is a comprehensive response that responds to all comments received by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 for this permitting action Region 5 previously issued a final pennit decision on this matter on August 202012 however the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 52013 The EAB remand allowed Region 5 to reissue this final permit along with a comprehensive response to all comments The EAB stated in its remand order on pages 17-18
This Remand Order does not reopen the public comment period After the Region middot completes its actionon remand anyone dissatisfied with the Regions actions on remand must file a petition seeking Board review in order to exhaust administrative remedies pursuant to [40 CFR sect 12419(1)(2)]1 Any such petitions shall be limited to those issues addressed by the Region on remand or raised by or in connection with the remand procedures No new issues may be raised that could have been raised but were not raised in the present appeal
Region 5 is providing this response in accordance with Section 12417 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR sect 12417) which requires EPA to issue a response to comments at the time it issues a final permit decision That response must (1) briefly describe and respond to all significant comments raised during the public comment period and (2) specify whiCh provisions if any of the draft decision have been changed and the reasons for the change In addition EPA must include in the administrative record any documents cited in the response to comments and make the response to comments available to the public
1 EPA recently issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone filing a
petition for review upon the Regions completion of actions on remand after March 26 2013 should follow the
latest version of sect 12419 in preparing a petition for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures Applicable in Permit Appeals Pending Before the Environmental Appeals Board 78 Fed Reg 5281
(Jan 25 2013) Additional information on this change is available on the Boards website at
http yosem iteepa govoaEAB _Web_Docket nsfGeneral+1 nformationRegu lations+Govern ing+Appeals Open D
ocument
Background
The scope of the Federal Underground Injection Control CUIC) regulations is limited to the determination of the soundness ofconstruction and operation of inj ection wells as they relate to the protection of all underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) A USDW is an aquifer or its portion which contains less than 10000 mgl of total dissolved solids
In this case the proposed well will be drilled to a depth of 1535 feet below ground surface into the Dundee Limestone The top of the injection zone is at 1343 feet The base of the lowermost USDW has been identified at a depth of 1301 feet below ground surface and is separated from the top of the Dundee Limestone injection zone byapproxirnately 42 feet of sedimentary rock strata This rock strata consists of very lowpermeabilityrock and will prevent vertical migration of fluid In addition all well casing strings are adequately cemented to preclude the movement of fluids into and between USDWs due to injection operations
As additional protection injection will take place through tubing which is set within the steel casing A packer will be set at the bottom of the tubing to seal off the space between the casing and tubing which will be filled with a liquid mixture containing a corrosion inhibitor and will allow the pressure in the space to be monitored The pressure in the space between the tubing and casing (annulus) will be tested initially after the cbmpletion of the well to ensure that the well has mechanical integrity and monitored weekly thereafter to ensure that the well maintains mechanical integrity Any loss of annulus fluid is monitored at least quarterly If the well should fail a mechanical integrity demonstration then the well will be shut down until corrective actions have been taken and the well has been brought back into compliance Any work performed on the well which requires the moving andlor removal of the tubing or packer must be followed by a mechanical integrity test before authorization to resume injection will be given Under permit conditions the injection pressure will be limited to ensure the safe operation of the well and monthly reports of pressure and flow rates must be submitted to our office for review If despite these safeguards contamination of drinking water occurs the operator is fully liable for providing alternate soUrces of drinking water In addition some operators may be willing to work with local residents to respond to problems
Oilfield brines may contain various amounts of hydrocarbons such as benzene ethylbenzene toluene xylene naphthalene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Fluids brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil and natural gas production have been exempted from the definition of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) sect 2614(b )(5) Such fluids are naturally occurring fluids that are separated from the oil andlor gas and then returned to the rock formations from which they originated or to a deeper rock formation via Class II injection wells The UIC program protects USDWs from these fluids by regulating injection wells
2
as such a manner so as to
determined would
issues which
a basis for that it is appropriate
did not
vu a final permit to Chevron to issue a
permit to II injection well EP A is Michigan shown at the top of document
Comment 1
L-OmnleIJlter identified that contamination of water wells occurred other States as the result of injection well and brought up an tgtVArrl
a documented case of an injection well contaminating an underground source drinking water began It is however that fluid came to
III the area wells were into a zone which oecarrle
VA- shy fluid other wells that were not properly constructed or identified during review However was no documented contamination an underground source of drinking water by the injection fluid to access a onterent zone with more CatmC1T injection rates were State
injection wells were by
circumstances and Michigan and at this well are different than in Texas which through conduits geology of IS
across the state that strata are logs or formation nearby wells were to the area EPA
data the hundreds of wells have of Michigan such as The Hydrogeologic Atlas of
to be geologically suited for II wells within the area of review are properly constructed or
by our office LVltvLHvl
migration any into nearby drinking water wells from of injection
previously well will be the
between Asa on
-VLLUVLltCVJ raised concerns about the recentseisrnic events in Youngstown Ohio where 1210w magnitude CgtllLlv events occurred as a result of Class II injection well activities
3
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
5) 15 16 and 17 is that no laws wells from drinking water wells and no
injection wells may leak The fact that no does not justify lack of regulation Conversely isnt the burden the individual or that seeks to engage in risky behavior that us that the wells wont leak the Response notes owners are responsible for clean-up due to contamination Why is
it is so
In permit should be declared invalid Furthur of the ramifications injection of brine solution is imperative allows this
Sincerely
RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
Date JU L 2 5 2013
REGARDING UNDERGROlJND INJECTION CONTROL (DIC) PERMIT MI-009-2D-0217 ISSUED TO CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC FOR THE STRATTON 16-4 INJECTION WELL IN ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN FOR THE PURPOSE OF NONCOMMERCIAL DISPOSAL OF OILFIELD BRINE FROM PRODUCTION WELLS OWNED OR OPERATED BY CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC
Introduction
Tbis response to comments document is a comprehensive response that responds to all comments received by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 for this permitting action Region 5 previously issued a final pennit decision on this matter on August 202012 however the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 52013 The EAB remand allowed Region 5 to reissue this final permit along with a comprehensive response to all comments The EAB stated in its remand order on pages 17-18
This Remand Order does not reopen the public comment period After the Region middot completes its actionon remand anyone dissatisfied with the Regions actions on remand must file a petition seeking Board review in order to exhaust administrative remedies pursuant to [40 CFR sect 12419(1)(2)]1 Any such petitions shall be limited to those issues addressed by the Region on remand or raised by or in connection with the remand procedures No new issues may be raised that could have been raised but were not raised in the present appeal
Region 5 is providing this response in accordance with Section 12417 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR sect 12417) which requires EPA to issue a response to comments at the time it issues a final permit decision That response must (1) briefly describe and respond to all significant comments raised during the public comment period and (2) specify whiCh provisions if any of the draft decision have been changed and the reasons for the change In addition EPA must include in the administrative record any documents cited in the response to comments and make the response to comments available to the public
1 EPA recently issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone filing a
petition for review upon the Regions completion of actions on remand after March 26 2013 should follow the
latest version of sect 12419 in preparing a petition for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures Applicable in Permit Appeals Pending Before the Environmental Appeals Board 78 Fed Reg 5281
(Jan 25 2013) Additional information on this change is available on the Boards website at
http yosem iteepa govoaEAB _Web_Docket nsfGeneral+1 nformationRegu lations+Govern ing+Appeals Open D
ocument
Background
The scope of the Federal Underground Injection Control CUIC) regulations is limited to the determination of the soundness ofconstruction and operation of inj ection wells as they relate to the protection of all underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) A USDW is an aquifer or its portion which contains less than 10000 mgl of total dissolved solids
In this case the proposed well will be drilled to a depth of 1535 feet below ground surface into the Dundee Limestone The top of the injection zone is at 1343 feet The base of the lowermost USDW has been identified at a depth of 1301 feet below ground surface and is separated from the top of the Dundee Limestone injection zone byapproxirnately 42 feet of sedimentary rock strata This rock strata consists of very lowpermeabilityrock and will prevent vertical migration of fluid In addition all well casing strings are adequately cemented to preclude the movement of fluids into and between USDWs due to injection operations
As additional protection injection will take place through tubing which is set within the steel casing A packer will be set at the bottom of the tubing to seal off the space between the casing and tubing which will be filled with a liquid mixture containing a corrosion inhibitor and will allow the pressure in the space to be monitored The pressure in the space between the tubing and casing (annulus) will be tested initially after the cbmpletion of the well to ensure that the well has mechanical integrity and monitored weekly thereafter to ensure that the well maintains mechanical integrity Any loss of annulus fluid is monitored at least quarterly If the well should fail a mechanical integrity demonstration then the well will be shut down until corrective actions have been taken and the well has been brought back into compliance Any work performed on the well which requires the moving andlor removal of the tubing or packer must be followed by a mechanical integrity test before authorization to resume injection will be given Under permit conditions the injection pressure will be limited to ensure the safe operation of the well and monthly reports of pressure and flow rates must be submitted to our office for review If despite these safeguards contamination of drinking water occurs the operator is fully liable for providing alternate soUrces of drinking water In addition some operators may be willing to work with local residents to respond to problems
Oilfield brines may contain various amounts of hydrocarbons such as benzene ethylbenzene toluene xylene naphthalene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Fluids brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil and natural gas production have been exempted from the definition of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) sect 2614(b )(5) Such fluids are naturally occurring fluids that are separated from the oil andlor gas and then returned to the rock formations from which they originated or to a deeper rock formation via Class II injection wells The UIC program protects USDWs from these fluids by regulating injection wells
2
as such a manner so as to
determined would
issues which
a basis for that it is appropriate
did not
vu a final permit to Chevron to issue a
permit to II injection well EP A is Michigan shown at the top of document
Comment 1
L-OmnleIJlter identified that contamination of water wells occurred other States as the result of injection well and brought up an tgtVArrl
a documented case of an injection well contaminating an underground source drinking water began It is however that fluid came to
III the area wells were into a zone which oecarrle
VA- shy fluid other wells that were not properly constructed or identified during review However was no documented contamination an underground source of drinking water by the injection fluid to access a onterent zone with more CatmC1T injection rates were State
injection wells were by
circumstances and Michigan and at this well are different than in Texas which through conduits geology of IS
across the state that strata are logs or formation nearby wells were to the area EPA
data the hundreds of wells have of Michigan such as The Hydrogeologic Atlas of
to be geologically suited for II wells within the area of review are properly constructed or
by our office LVltvLHvl
migration any into nearby drinking water wells from of injection
previously well will be the
between Asa on
-VLLUVLltCVJ raised concerns about the recentseisrnic events in Youngstown Ohio where 1210w magnitude CgtllLlv events occurred as a result of Class II injection well activities
3
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
Date JU L 2 5 2013
REGARDING UNDERGROlJND INJECTION CONTROL (DIC) PERMIT MI-009-2D-0217 ISSUED TO CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC FOR THE STRATTON 16-4 INJECTION WELL IN ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN FOR THE PURPOSE OF NONCOMMERCIAL DISPOSAL OF OILFIELD BRINE FROM PRODUCTION WELLS OWNED OR OPERATED BY CHEVRON MICHIGAN LLC
Introduction
Tbis response to comments document is a comprehensive response that responds to all comments received by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 for this permitting action Region 5 previously issued a final pennit decision on this matter on August 202012 however the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 52013 The EAB remand allowed Region 5 to reissue this final permit along with a comprehensive response to all comments The EAB stated in its remand order on pages 17-18
This Remand Order does not reopen the public comment period After the Region middot completes its actionon remand anyone dissatisfied with the Regions actions on remand must file a petition seeking Board review in order to exhaust administrative remedies pursuant to [40 CFR sect 12419(1)(2)]1 Any such petitions shall be limited to those issues addressed by the Region on remand or raised by or in connection with the remand procedures No new issues may be raised that could have been raised but were not raised in the present appeal
Region 5 is providing this response in accordance with Section 12417 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR sect 12417) which requires EPA to issue a response to comments at the time it issues a final permit decision That response must (1) briefly describe and respond to all significant comments raised during the public comment period and (2) specify whiCh provisions if any of the draft decision have been changed and the reasons for the change In addition EPA must include in the administrative record any documents cited in the response to comments and make the response to comments available to the public
1 EPA recently issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone filing a
petition for review upon the Regions completion of actions on remand after March 26 2013 should follow the
latest version of sect 12419 in preparing a petition for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures Applicable in Permit Appeals Pending Before the Environmental Appeals Board 78 Fed Reg 5281
(Jan 25 2013) Additional information on this change is available on the Boards website at
http yosem iteepa govoaEAB _Web_Docket nsfGeneral+1 nformationRegu lations+Govern ing+Appeals Open D
ocument
Background
The scope of the Federal Underground Injection Control CUIC) regulations is limited to the determination of the soundness ofconstruction and operation of inj ection wells as they relate to the protection of all underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) A USDW is an aquifer or its portion which contains less than 10000 mgl of total dissolved solids
In this case the proposed well will be drilled to a depth of 1535 feet below ground surface into the Dundee Limestone The top of the injection zone is at 1343 feet The base of the lowermost USDW has been identified at a depth of 1301 feet below ground surface and is separated from the top of the Dundee Limestone injection zone byapproxirnately 42 feet of sedimentary rock strata This rock strata consists of very lowpermeabilityrock and will prevent vertical migration of fluid In addition all well casing strings are adequately cemented to preclude the movement of fluids into and between USDWs due to injection operations
As additional protection injection will take place through tubing which is set within the steel casing A packer will be set at the bottom of the tubing to seal off the space between the casing and tubing which will be filled with a liquid mixture containing a corrosion inhibitor and will allow the pressure in the space to be monitored The pressure in the space between the tubing and casing (annulus) will be tested initially after the cbmpletion of the well to ensure that the well has mechanical integrity and monitored weekly thereafter to ensure that the well maintains mechanical integrity Any loss of annulus fluid is monitored at least quarterly If the well should fail a mechanical integrity demonstration then the well will be shut down until corrective actions have been taken and the well has been brought back into compliance Any work performed on the well which requires the moving andlor removal of the tubing or packer must be followed by a mechanical integrity test before authorization to resume injection will be given Under permit conditions the injection pressure will be limited to ensure the safe operation of the well and monthly reports of pressure and flow rates must be submitted to our office for review If despite these safeguards contamination of drinking water occurs the operator is fully liable for providing alternate soUrces of drinking water In addition some operators may be willing to work with local residents to respond to problems
Oilfield brines may contain various amounts of hydrocarbons such as benzene ethylbenzene toluene xylene naphthalene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Fluids brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil and natural gas production have been exempted from the definition of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) sect 2614(b )(5) Such fluids are naturally occurring fluids that are separated from the oil andlor gas and then returned to the rock formations from which they originated or to a deeper rock formation via Class II injection wells The UIC program protects USDWs from these fluids by regulating injection wells
2
as such a manner so as to
determined would
issues which
a basis for that it is appropriate
did not
vu a final permit to Chevron to issue a
permit to II injection well EP A is Michigan shown at the top of document
Comment 1
L-OmnleIJlter identified that contamination of water wells occurred other States as the result of injection well and brought up an tgtVArrl
a documented case of an injection well contaminating an underground source drinking water began It is however that fluid came to
III the area wells were into a zone which oecarrle
VA- shy fluid other wells that were not properly constructed or identified during review However was no documented contamination an underground source of drinking water by the injection fluid to access a onterent zone with more CatmC1T injection rates were State
injection wells were by
circumstances and Michigan and at this well are different than in Texas which through conduits geology of IS
across the state that strata are logs or formation nearby wells were to the area EPA
data the hundreds of wells have of Michigan such as The Hydrogeologic Atlas of
to be geologically suited for II wells within the area of review are properly constructed or
by our office LVltvLHvl
migration any into nearby drinking water wells from of injection
previously well will be the
between Asa on
-VLLUVLltCVJ raised concerns about the recentseisrnic events in Youngstown Ohio where 1210w magnitude CgtllLlv events occurred as a result of Class II injection well activities
3
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
Background
The scope of the Federal Underground Injection Control CUIC) regulations is limited to the determination of the soundness ofconstruction and operation of inj ection wells as they relate to the protection of all underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) A USDW is an aquifer or its portion which contains less than 10000 mgl of total dissolved solids
In this case the proposed well will be drilled to a depth of 1535 feet below ground surface into the Dundee Limestone The top of the injection zone is at 1343 feet The base of the lowermost USDW has been identified at a depth of 1301 feet below ground surface and is separated from the top of the Dundee Limestone injection zone byapproxirnately 42 feet of sedimentary rock strata This rock strata consists of very lowpermeabilityrock and will prevent vertical migration of fluid In addition all well casing strings are adequately cemented to preclude the movement of fluids into and between USDWs due to injection operations
As additional protection injection will take place through tubing which is set within the steel casing A packer will be set at the bottom of the tubing to seal off the space between the casing and tubing which will be filled with a liquid mixture containing a corrosion inhibitor and will allow the pressure in the space to be monitored The pressure in the space between the tubing and casing (annulus) will be tested initially after the cbmpletion of the well to ensure that the well has mechanical integrity and monitored weekly thereafter to ensure that the well maintains mechanical integrity Any loss of annulus fluid is monitored at least quarterly If the well should fail a mechanical integrity demonstration then the well will be shut down until corrective actions have been taken and the well has been brought back into compliance Any work performed on the well which requires the moving andlor removal of the tubing or packer must be followed by a mechanical integrity test before authorization to resume injection will be given Under permit conditions the injection pressure will be limited to ensure the safe operation of the well and monthly reports of pressure and flow rates must be submitted to our office for review If despite these safeguards contamination of drinking water occurs the operator is fully liable for providing alternate soUrces of drinking water In addition some operators may be willing to work with local residents to respond to problems
Oilfield brines may contain various amounts of hydrocarbons such as benzene ethylbenzene toluene xylene naphthalene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Fluids brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil and natural gas production have been exempted from the definition of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) sect 2614(b )(5) Such fluids are naturally occurring fluids that are separated from the oil andlor gas and then returned to the rock formations from which they originated or to a deeper rock formation via Class II injection wells The UIC program protects USDWs from these fluids by regulating injection wells
2
as such a manner so as to
determined would
issues which
a basis for that it is appropriate
did not
vu a final permit to Chevron to issue a
permit to II injection well EP A is Michigan shown at the top of document
Comment 1
L-OmnleIJlter identified that contamination of water wells occurred other States as the result of injection well and brought up an tgtVArrl
a documented case of an injection well contaminating an underground source drinking water began It is however that fluid came to
III the area wells were into a zone which oecarrle
VA- shy fluid other wells that were not properly constructed or identified during review However was no documented contamination an underground source of drinking water by the injection fluid to access a onterent zone with more CatmC1T injection rates were State
injection wells were by
circumstances and Michigan and at this well are different than in Texas which through conduits geology of IS
across the state that strata are logs or formation nearby wells were to the area EPA
data the hundreds of wells have of Michigan such as The Hydrogeologic Atlas of
to be geologically suited for II wells within the area of review are properly constructed or
by our office LVltvLHvl
migration any into nearby drinking water wells from of injection
previously well will be the
between Asa on
-VLLUVLltCVJ raised concerns about the recentseisrnic events in Youngstown Ohio where 1210w magnitude CgtllLlv events occurred as a result of Class II injection well activities
3
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
as such a manner so as to
determined would
issues which
a basis for that it is appropriate
did not
vu a final permit to Chevron to issue a
permit to II injection well EP A is Michigan shown at the top of document
Comment 1
L-OmnleIJlter identified that contamination of water wells occurred other States as the result of injection well and brought up an tgtVArrl
a documented case of an injection well contaminating an underground source drinking water began It is however that fluid came to
III the area wells were into a zone which oecarrle
VA- shy fluid other wells that were not properly constructed or identified during review However was no documented contamination an underground source of drinking water by the injection fluid to access a onterent zone with more CatmC1T injection rates were State
injection wells were by
circumstances and Michigan and at this well are different than in Texas which through conduits geology of IS
across the state that strata are logs or formation nearby wells were to the area EPA
data the hundreds of wells have of Michigan such as The Hydrogeologic Atlas of
to be geologically suited for II wells within the area of review are properly constructed or
by our office LVltvLHvl
migration any into nearby drinking water wells from of injection
previously well will be the
between Asa on
-VLLUVLltCVJ raised concerns about the recentseisrnic events in Youngstown Ohio where 1210w magnitude CgtllLlv events occurred as a result of Class II injection well activities
3
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
(
Response to Comment 2
The Northstar Class II injection well in Ohio was drilled at a depth of9192 feet below surface into the Precambrian Period rocks The evidence gathered by Ohio DNR regulators and geologists suggests that the fluid from a deeply drilled injection well intersected an unmapped fault in a near-failure state of stress causing movement along the fault In the case of the MIshy009-2D-0217 proposed well the injection well will be drilled to a shallower formation into the Devonian Period rocks at about 1535 feet below surface In addition based on data available from several decades of experience regulating similar injection wells there are no documented cases of seismic activities occurring in Antrim County
Comment 3
Commenter requested that at a minimum a gamma ray compensated density-neutron and resistivity logs be required for all new Class II disposal wells in Michigan
Response to Comment 3
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 14622(pound)(2)(i) (B) and (ii)(A) only the following logs are required under our current regulations cement bon~ temperature or density log after the casing is set and an electric porosity and gamma ray log before the casing is installed These logs are required for all newly drilled Class II disposal wells in areas where the lithology has not been determined
Comment 4
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the depth of the inj ection well and contamination of commenters drinking water well or future drinking water wells drilled on cornmenters property
Response to Comment 4
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with il1ultiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test mustbe demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a manner so as to confine the injected fluids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there
(
should be no connection between the injection well and nearby drinking water wells or surface
4
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
waters An EPA pennit an injection well conveys to inject fluids finding that the construction of well is that injection into the environmentally LLC is fully responsible for is protected from COJ1tamlJ1atlOn
Federal Regulations the depth of the injection well to a depth aeeDer then 10wennost known USDW is to fluid the USDW The
AVmiddotUu above the proposed There is
Shale separating injection zone from the lowermost Bell Shale is a high density rock lVlHWUV will the injected fluid to the f) v(V-t
permitted injection zone n rnn indicates that drinking water ~ wells in of feet and 200 feet
grolli1d between the proposed the drinking water aquifer
by resIdents m the area
J oj1~
rU arolli1d the well These rock upward movement of fluid to the lowennost ~trvshy
USDW local ~
how EPA determines that the confming are ofknown
Drillers logs fonnation records from nearby wells and the Atlas of Michigan were used to review from both confining zone and injection zone The geology of Data Iuv~
wells of the Shale is impenneable and serves as an
effecti ve confining zone over most of the of Michigan is no documentation Although fractures are much smaller than ~the a
UUIVHlCIAvaJI) disqualify it as an adequate confining zone a
well below needed to fracture rock
5
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
formation in the confinipg and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure ona weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above th permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confining zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
Comment 6
Commenter expressed concerns regarding contamination of the Jordan River from the proposed brine injection and Commenter identified the Jordan River as designated Wild and Scenic
Response to Comment 6
As part ofEPAs standard procedure for reviewing permit applications we verify that the well is not within one-quarter mile of a Federally-designated Wild and Scenic River The Jordan River is located over 2 miles from the proposed injection well and will not be affected by the injection ofb~ine at this well location In addition the Jordan River is not Federally protected the State ofMichi~an has designated it as a Natural River State law requires that Michigan Natural Rivers be protected to a distance of 400 feet from each banle In addition to a permit from the EPA operators in Michigan must also receive a pennit from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ field checks all well locations before issuing permits Before receiving an MDEQpermit the well location must conform to MDEQ requirements
Comment 7
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer do to the injection of fluids from the proposed welL
Response to Comment 7
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the welL Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the innermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottomofthe tubing and the space between the innermost steel casing and tubing (called the annulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the well the pressure within the annulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to
6
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
resume
TlPrnJ drinking water wells and streams
well conveys permission to inject fluids based on
leaks can happen due to a loss
zone The injection well will and
any fluid leaks out into the drinking water
operated in a manner so as to the inj ected fluids to the permitted prevent the
Water (USDW) a
nearby drinking water
injection ensuring the
Safe Drinking 307 can
Comment 8
into and between the Underground Sources of
== be no connection between permit for an injection well conveys
construction and operation of the
n1-tPI1 from contamination due to
lvHJlltCLH Department ofEnvironmental vmiddotuumiddotmiddotu1J any contamination due to
-- gtLu- VVJJ~U UJVJJ of Cormnenter s r-1
constructed and operated in such a manner
permitted interval In addition part of the if any on any cultural or historical
Michigan LLC contacted the Michigan
and submitted ipformation for the proposed
15 2012 letter from SHPa to USEP A the of are affected from the proposed
As described
injection well project
Michigan concluded inj ection well
+++
Cormnenter UVlUHlU Jordan River Lake ~u~~ Lake Michigan and concerns
well
and operated in such a manner so as to
This will prevent the migration
streams and rivers As a result there should no it
7
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
finding that the construction and operation of the well are such that injection will be environmentally safe In addition surface spill prevention and remediation are regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) The MDEQ also csues permits for underground injection wells within the State of Michigan The Michigan administrative rules contain requirements regarding well site maintenance and clean-up
Comment 10
Commenter expressed concerns regarding the contamination of the drinking water aquifer due to the injection of fluids from the proposed well
Response to Comment 10
Underground injection wells are designed with multiple safeguards to prevent minimize and internally contain leaks within the well Injection wells are constructed with multiple steel casings cemented into place Injection takes place through tubing located at the center of the irmermost steel casing A device called a packer seals off the bottom of the tubing and the space between the irmermost steel casing and tubing (called the armulus) is filled with a fluid containing a corrosion inhibitor To assure that no leaking occurs in the wellthe pressure wit4ill the armulus space is tested after the well is completed and then re-tested periodically If this test fails the well is shut down immediately and the cause of the leak is isolated and repaired Once shut down a successful pressure test must be demonstrated before EPA will allow the operator to resume well injection Although small leaks can happen due to a loss of seal between the packer and the well casing this does not mean that any fluid leaks out into the drinking water aquifer because the fluid will go into the injection zone The injection well will be constructed and operated in such a marmer so as to confine the injected flUids to the permitted interval and prevent the migration of any fluids into and between the Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDW) As a result there should be no cormection between the injection well and ~
nearby drinking water wells An EPA permit for an injection well conveys permission to inject fluids based on EPAs finding that the construction and operation of the well is such that injection into the well is environmentally safe Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected from contamination due to injection The EPA under the middotI~ Safe Drinking Water Act and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act W11~ In u 307 can require ownersoperators to clean-up any contamination due to injection andor supply) It rtt~1J- Imiddot alternative drinking water sources I dtllJf
1ft- ~ 1 Comment 11
Commenter identified the Jordan River Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan and concerns of contamination of these surface waters from the proposed injection well project
8
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
above the injection injected fluids to
ruptgtrgt USDWs as well as
COJJJl(~CLJlOn between the injection well permit for an
construction and nltln
environmentally safe In addition of
injection wells within -VA1ULlUl requirements regarding well
operated in a manner so as to This will prevent and rivers As a
drinking water wells conveys permission to
the well are such that prevention and remediation are by the (MDEQ) The MDEQ also permits for
Michigan The Michigan U-ULUU
UHHvHwnbullbull v and clean-up
expressed concerns contamination waters
injection wells are multiple safeguards to nrpP1nT HUUluuLo
contain leaks within the well wells are constructed VUf cemented into place Injection through tubing located at center of the
steel casing A device off the bottom of and the space innermost steel vULu1 the annulus) is
C0I1Ialmrlg a corrosion inhibitor no leaking occurs in within is tested vVLUIJJvLU and then gt0gt101gt0gt11
Once pressure test must
resume injection Although heltwf~en the jJu
and well casing this does not mean UHIlKlLIlg water aquifer Jvau)v the flUId will go into zone The injection constructed and
-1tgt in such a manner so as to VVLLLULV the injected fluids to ngt1rtY11TTpmiddotr1 interval and
migration of any between the Underground of Drinking (USDW) As a result connection between well and
AUi~uh water wells or EP A permit for an leCtlOn well conveys inject fluids that the construction operation of the well
(MDEQ) Issues
Michigan administrative requirements maintenance and VLu
9
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
clean-up Chevron Michigan LLC is fully responsible for ensuring the groundwater is protected
_~ from contamination due to injection The EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the ~i ~ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Act 307 can require ownersoperators to
~ lclean-up any contamination due to mjection andor supply alternative drinking water sources
~ Comment 13 bull
Cornmenter asked if there was a permitted distance between drinking water wells and injection wells
Response to Comment 13
The Federal Regulations for underground injection wells do not restrict the surface distance between an injection well and a drinking water welL Federal Regulations restrict the depth of the injection well to a depth deeper then the lowermost known USDW This is to insure that the
injected fluid does not migrate into the USDW The drinking water wells in the area of the proposed injection well are drilled to an average depth of between 40 feet to 200 feet The proposed top of the injection zone for the proposed well is located at 1343 feet below the ground surface There will be approximately 1000 feet of low permeability rock layers between the proposed injected fluid and the drinking water aquifer used in the area around the welL These
~ rock layers prevent movement of the ~jected fluid into the local drinking water wells
Comment 14
Cornmenter asked if brine disposal through injection wells is linked to seismic activity
Response to Comment 14 l
~ (Any seismic activity from disposal well injection would be caused by fracturing any of the rock (gt (formations surrounding the welL The draft permit for this well does not allow the fracturing of
any rock formation EPA has established the maximum permitted injection pressure for this well using the fracture gradient equation This equation uses a conservative estimate for the fracture gradient and establishes a maximum injection pressure well below the pressure needed to
fracture the rock formation in the confining and injection zones The draft permit requires Chevron to monitor the injection pressure on a weekly basis and report to EPA on a monthly basis Injection pressures above the permitted maximum injection pressure would be a violation
of the conditions of the permit Additional operating conditions contained in the draft permit prohibit the fracturing of the confIning zone Violation of any permit condition would subject Chevron Michigan LLC to an enforcement action by EPA
10
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
-VUllJcltvLcvL asked ifthere is a history of fluid andor radiation Lv wells
Michigan
Response to Comment 15
Water Act was authorized in 1 and gave EPA
LOmTI1eI1lter asked to ~~middotUJ the vH~Hlval oresent in the
The Regulations 2 underground wells do not analysis for chemicals that
application melctlcm of noncommercial brine
Chevron wells originates within oil and rock JHULlVlhl and has a chemical make-up very to the ground water existing at
proposed welL contained that are to the operation are Special Condition A Operating
Monitoring Reporting Requirements of the draft by the Chevron chemical make-up Chevron
uvLUUL allow EPA to will be
the terms Violations of
The brine VU-AA
thesources In order
zone Injection a violation
not consistent
condition would subject to an
of the injected the
of the
11
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
)
Comment 17
Commenter expressed concerns regarding increased noise and vehicle traffic in the area of the proposed injection welL
Response to Comment 17
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have an undergrOlind injeCtion control (UIC) permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells Vehicle transportation and noise issues are not addressed by the UIC regulations and are outside the scope of the UIC permit process
Comment 18
Commenter requested that EPA order Chevron to monitor the water quality of Commenters drinking water well and plant foliage at Commenters property line to act as a barrier between the well site and Commenters property
Response to Comment 18
EPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146 state the requirements and standards that a permit applicant must meet to have a UIC permit application approved These regulations deal primarily with the geologic siting well engineering operating and monitoring standards for deep injection wells There is no requirement for the permit applicant to test or monitor drinking
~ wat~r wells in the vicini~ of the pr~po~ed injection ~ell EPA cannot compel the permit applIcant to conduct testmg or momtonng oflocal drinkmg water wells as part of the penmt approval process for this proposed injection welL In addition there are no requirements in the
EPA regulations for the permit applicant to plant foliage as a barrier between the injection well and neighboring properties
APPEAL
In accordance with 40 CFR sect 12419 any person who filed comments on the draft permit or participated in the public hearing may petition EPAs Environmental Appeals Board for review of the final permit decision Such a petition shall include a statement of the reasons supporting review ofthe decision including a demonstration that the issue(s) being raised for review were raised during the public comment period (including the public hearing) to the extent required by these regulations The petition should when appropriate show that the permlt condition(s) being appealed are based upon either (l) a finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous or (2) an exercise of discretion or an important policy consideration which the Environmental Appeals Board should in its discretion review
The Environmental Appeals Board issued a remand relating to this pennit in In re Chevron Michigan LLC UIC Appeal No 12-01 (EAB 2013) on March 5 2013 arid provided that EPA
12
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13
If BoardUS
Avenue Mail Code 1103M NW ==-=--== must
UVJlllUULUJ
UHU1Ui Room 3334 Washington DC 20004
AUG 2 7 2013 will it must confonn to the
This
along with a VVJeHjJV--0 comments n_vJHJ~U Order is attached The EAB
A of 17-18
public comment period the HHltshy
Protection you must submit a by====~==
sent
Environmental Appeals ugtLLUJ5VH DC 20460-0001
Appeals uvlt~u Avenue
request must arrive at the if
Signed and
lt EPA issued a rule revising part 12419 which became effective on March 26 2013 Anyone a
petition for review upon the completion of on remand after March 26 2013 should follow
latest version of sect 12419 in a for review See Revisions to Procedural Rules To Clarify Practices
and Procedures in Permit Appeals Before the Environmental Board 78 Fed 5281
ocument
13