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Iwo jima. FEBRUARY – MARCH, 1945. BACKGROUND. IWO JIMA : LOCATION: 750 mi. SOUTH OF TOKYO CONSIDERED ONE OF JAPAN’S “HOME ISLANDS” (define) USED BY JAPANESE AS PART OF “INNER” DEFENSE LINE (unlike Tarawa, Guadalcanal, etc.) OCCUPIED & FORITFIED BY JAPANESE MILITARY SINCE 1930’s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IWO JIMAFEBRUARY – MARCH, 1945
BACKGROUND IWO JIMA:
LOCATION: 750 mi. SOUTH OF TOKYO CONSIDERED ONE OF JAPAN’S “HOME ISLANDS” (define) USED BY JAPANESE AS PART OF “INNER” DEFENSE LINE (unlike Tarawa,
Guadalcanal, etc.) OCCUPIED & FORITFIED BY JAPANESE MILITARY SINCE 1930’s
AFTER THE BATTLE OF THE PHILIPPINE SEA(1944): JAPAN REALIZES IWO JIMA GARRISON MUST BE STRENGTHENED BECAUSE…A U.S. ATTACK ON HOME ISLANDS IS IMMINENT (define) SO…
MORE TROOPS SENT MORE EQUIPMENT SENT FORTIFICATIONS STRENGTHENED
RESULT? IJA/IJA TROOP STRENGTH (February,’45) = 22,800 (approx.) MASSIVE UNDERGROUND TUNNEL/BUNKER NETWORK JAPANESE DEFENSES: MIXTURE OF…
HEAVY ARTILLERY LIGHT WEAPONS MORTARS CONCEALED BUNKERS / “MURDER HOLES”
BACKGROUND (cont’d.) LATE ‘44/EARLY ‘45:
U.S. MILITARY INCREASES AERIAL BOMBING CAMPAIGN ON HOME ISLANDS
U.S. NEEDS TO CONTROL IWO JIMA (& other islands – ex. OKINAWA)
WHY? IWO HAS LARGE AIRFIELD COMPLEX AIRSTRIPS WOULD PROVIDE…
BASE FOR U.S. BOMBERS TARGETING JAPAN SHORTEN AERIAL DISTANCE TO JAPAN PROVIDE EMERGENCY LANDING STRIPS FOR DAMAGED U.S.
AIRCRAFT BASE FOR LONG-RANGE FIGHTER ESCORTS
JAPANESE WERE USING ISLAND FOR AERIAL ATTACKS ON U.S. FLEET
ISLAND WOULD BE USED AS A NAVAL / AIR / SUPPLY BASE FOR INVASION OF JAPAN
IWO JIMA STRATEGIC MAP
IWO JIMA, PRESENT-DAY
JAPANESE & U.S.UNIT DISPERSAL,
IWO JIMA, FEB. 19, 1945
IWO JIMA:JAPANESE TUNNEL &
BUNKER PLAN
ORDER OF BATTLE IJA / IJN FORCES: 23,000 (approx.)
IWO GARRISON HAS NO NAVAL SUPPORT VERY LITTLE / IRRELEVANT AIR FORCE
U.S. 70,000 – MOSTLY USMC & USN LANDING FORCES U.S. HAS COMPLETE AIR & NAVAL SUPERIORITY
JAPANESE STRATEGY: HOLD FIRE UNTIL SIGNIFICANT NUMBERS OF U.S.
FORCES HAVE LANDED INFLICT AS MANY CASUALTIES AS POSSIBLE NO RELIEF FROM MAINLAND EXPECTED NO SURRENDER
U.S. ASSAULT PLAN, IWO JIMA, FEBRUARY,
1945
LT. GENERAL TADAMICHI
KURIBAYASHI, IJACOMMANDING OFFICER,
JAPANESE FORCES, IWO JIMA, FEB. –
MARCH, 1945
IJA OFFICER AND SOLDIER
WITH STANDARD
COMBAT GEAR, WWII
GENERAL HOLLAND M. “HOWLIN’ MAD”
SMITH, COMMANDINGOFFICER, FLEET
MARINES, U.S.M.C.
USMC COMBAT UNIFORM, 1942-45
U.S. ASSAULT CRAFT APPROACH IWO JIMA, FEB. 19, 1945
MARINES ADVANCE OFF “RED BEACH” UNDER FIRE, FEB. 19, 1945
MARINES UNDER FIRE, RED BEACH, FEB. 19, 1945
MARINE KIAs, IWO JIMA
USMC ADVANCE, IWO JIMA, FEB.19 –
MARCH 11, 1945
THE BATTLE BATTLE LASTS OVER 1 MONTH:
FEBRUARY 19 - MARCH 26, 1945 FEW JAPANESE REMAIN AFTER MARCH 11th
Mt. SURIBACHI – TAKEN ON FEB. 23-24TH MADE FAMOUS FOR “FLAG RAISING”
FIGHTING: BATTLE DOESN’T HAVE SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS TYPICAL OF PACIFIC FIGHTING EX. – FEW, IF ANY, ORGANIZED BANZAI CHARGES BY JAPANESE JAPANESE OFTEN USE SMALL UNIT NIGHT ATTACKS SMALL ARMS (rifles, etc.) INEFFECTIVE AGAINST JAPANESE
BUNKERS/TUNNELS USMC USES FLAMETHROWERS, EXPLOSIVES, GRENADES, ETC.
EXTENSIVELY AIRSTRIP(s) ARE USED BEFORE BATTLE IS OVER (unlike Tarawa) FEW PRISONERS (ON EITHER SIDE) TAKEN
USMC ARTILLER
YFIRE ON
MT. SURIBACH
I
USMC SHERMAN TANK W/FLAMETHROWER ATTACKING IJA POSITION
USMC INFANTRY ATTACKING IJA BUNKER
MARINES TAKE
ORIGINAL FLAG UP MT. SURIBACHI
THE ORIGINAL FLAG RAISING ON MT. SURIBACHI
THE ORIGINAL FLAG RAISING ON
MT. SURIBACHI
IWO JIMA FLAG RAISING ON WAR
BOND POSTER AND U.S. STAMP
ORIGINAL FLAG BEING REPLACED BY THE SECOND FLAG (right)
MARINES POSE WITH THE SECOND FLAG (below)
USMC “K-9” PATROL
ON IWO JIMA
MARINE “K-9” PATROL MEMBERS IN FOXHOLE, IWO JIMA
MARINE KIA, IWO JIMA, 1945
MARINE WITH FLAMETHROWER,IWO JIMA, 1945
USMC INFANTRY, IWO JIMA, 1945
FINAL RESULTS CASUALTIES:
IJA / IJN: KIA/MIA: 22, 500 (APPROX.) POW: 216 (APPROX.)
USMC / USN: KIA: 6,812 WIA: 19, 217
IWO AIRSTRIPS ARE NOW OPEN FOR AERIAL SUPPORT
AERIAL BOMBING CAMPAIGN vs. JAPAN IS ACCELERATED
IWO IS ALSO USED FOR SUPPLY BASE & EMERGENCY LANDINGS
1949 MOVIE POSTER, SANDS OF IWO JIMA,
STARRING JOHN WAYNE
`
MUMMIFIED REMAINS OF JAPANESE SOLDIER, IWO JIM, PRESENT-DAY
IWO JIMA VETERANS REUNION MEMORIAL,
IWO JIMA ISLAND, PRESENT-DAY
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE MARINE CORPS, QUANTICO, VRGINIA
MARINE COPRS MUSEUM AND IWO JIMA FLAG RAISING IMAGERY
OFFICIAL USMC PHTOGRAPH:SGT. CHESTY XII AFTER
PROMOTION FRFOM LANCE CORPORAL
SGT. CHESTY @ OFFICIAL RETIREMENT CEREMONY
SGT. CHESTY XII AT READING
OF OFFICIAL
RETIREMENT
CERTIFICATE
SGT. JIGGS AND U.S.M.C.
OFFICER, 1924
SGT. JIGGS, 1ST OFFICIAL USMC MASCOT, 1924
SGT. JIGGS AND ADMIRER, 1924
SGT. JIGGS STANDING ON 40 yd. LINE MARKER,
USMC FOOTBALL GAME, 1924
SGT. JIGGS LYING IN STATE, QUANTICO MARINE BASE, 1927
SGT. CHESTY XIII TRAINING HIS SUCCESSOR, CHESTY XIV