IV.Moisture

A. The Water Cycle

precipitationcondensation

transpiration evaporation

absorption runoff

infiltration

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Slope of the Land –

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Degree of Saturation

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Porosity – Shape

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Porosity – Packing

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Porosity– Sorting

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Permeability

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Capillarity

Factors that Affect InfiltrationFactors that Affect Infiltration

• Vegetation / Land Use

Factors Affecting RunoffFactors Affecting Runoff

• Rate of Precipitation

Factors Affecting RunoffFactors Affecting Runoff

• Pore Space

Factors Affecting RunoffFactors Affecting Runoff

• Slope of the Land

ClimateClimate

What is climate?What is climate?

Climate is…

Long term weather

Composite weather

Average weatherPg. 1

Temperature FactorsTemperature Factors

1. Latitude: a. Average yearly temperature:

(1)

Pg. 1

(2) As latitude _________ average yearly temperature____________.

Ave

rage

Yea

rly T

emp.

O° LAT. 90°

(3)

increases

decreases

Pg. 1

b. Yearly temperature range:

(1) Northern Hemisphere

Indirect Rays

Short Daylight Period

More Direct Rays

Long Daylight Period

coldwarm

Low

Mid

High

(3) As latitude _________ yearly temperature range ____________.

Yea

rly T

emp.

Ran

ge

O° LAT. 90°

(4)

increasesincreases

c. Average Yearly Temperature vs. Yearly Temperature Range

Location Average Yearly Temperature

Yearly Temperature Range

Valdivia, Chile 53°F 16°F(from 46°F to 62°F)

Perking, China 53°F 55°F(from 24°F to 79°F)

2. Altitude:

Low

High

Pg. 2

b. As altitude _________, average yearly temperature ____________.

Ave

rage

Yea

rly T

emp.

Altitude

c.

increasesdecreases

Pg. 3

3. Ocean Currentsa. Ocean currents may make the climate of

a costal region warmer or colder than normal for its latitude.

Pg. 3

b. Warmer or Colder?

Due to ocean currents, the east coast of North America is__________ than normal.

The west coast of North America is__________ than normal.

The east coast of South America is__________ than normal.

The west coast of South America is__________ than normal.

warmerwarmer

warmerwarmer

coolercooler

coolercooler

The west coast of Africa and Europe is __________ than normal.

The northwestern Europe( Iceland, Great Britain, and Scandinavia) is__________ than normal.

coolercooler

warmerwarmer

4. Marine vs. Continentala. Sea of land locations affect temperature

ranges. Since land gains and loses heat much more quickly than water, land areas tend to have_______ summers and_______ winters. Costal areas near the ocean have cooler summers and milder/warmer winters.

Coastal areas have marine climates with a _____ yearly temperature range. Continental interiors (land areas) have continental climates with a ______ yearly temperature range.

warmerwarmer coolercooler

smallsmall

largerlarger

Pg. 4

b.

(1) Location X: ____________ climate;_________ yearly temperature range.

(2) Location Y: ______________ climate; ________ yearly temperature range.

continentalcontinental

greatergreater

marinemarine

smallersmaller

Pg. 4

Rainfall FactorsRainfall Factors

1. Latitudea. Uneven heating of the Earth produces global

wind belts and pressure belts. These “pressure belts” determine the wetness or dryness of a particular location. Low pressure regions occur where air is rising. As air rises, it expands and cools, which causes condensation and precipitation to occur. Thus low pressure regions are areas of rainfall (wetness), and high pressure regions are areas that lack rainfall (dryness).

Pg. 5

b.

(1) What latitudes are areas of rainfall/wetness?

(2) What latitudes are areas that lack rainfall/dryness?

0° (equator), 60° North and South0° (equator), 60° North and South

30° North and South (horse latitudes), 90° North and South30° North and South (horse latitudes), 90° North and South

Pg. 4

2. Mountains – The Orographic Effect

a.

rises

expands

cools

condensation

precipitation

sinks

compresses

warms

Pg. 6

b. Windward vs. Leeward

(1) Rainfall occurs on the __________side of the mountain where the air is__________.

(2) It is dry on the__________ side of the mountain where the air is __________.

windward

rising

leeward

sinking

Pg. 6