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Ivailo Chakarov
Web Technologies
Basic Internet Terminology
Ivailo Chakarov
We use the Internet for: • Searching for information
• Shopping
• Downloading files
• Uploading files
• Chats (using web-cams)
• Games
Web Technologies
Internet= Inter Networks
Ivailo Chakarov
Terms:
• Intra = Inside (Intranet)
• Inter = Between (Internet)
Web Technologies
Internet= Inter Networks
Ivailo Chakarov
Web Technologies
Sneakernet
Ivailo Chakarov
Web Technologies
Dial-up Internet
PC PC
California New Jersey
modem
modem
Ivailo Chakarov
Bit = Binary digit • Computers understand bits
• A bit represents:– 0 or 1
– On or Off
– True or False
• A bit is the smallest unit of storage (in computing)
• Example: 10010111 (8 bits long number)
Web Technologies
Binary code
Ivailo Chakarov
Web Technologies
Signals
Analogue signal
Digital signal
- a codified message • a transmitter encodes a
message into a signal
• the signal is carried overa communication channel
• the signal is received bya receiver
- can be digital or analogue
Ivailo Chakarov
- Modulator/Demodulator
Modulation (binary signals)
10010111
Demodulation (signals binary)
10010111
Web Technologies
Modems
Ivailo Chakarov
Cold War • USSR v. USA
• USA created ARPA
• ARPA wanted to create computer-based air defence systems.
• A network needed to be created that is robust and survivable.
• In October 1969 the APRA-Net was created(thus the Internet was initiated)
Web Technologies
History of Internet
Ivailo Chakarov
Web Technologies
Dial-up Internet
PC PC
California New Jersey
modem
modem
10010111
10010111
Ivailo Chakarov
• Computer/PC
• Modem or Network card
• Operating System
• Web browser
• Internet Service Provider
Web Technologies
Connection Requirements
Ivailo Chakarov
• a business or organization that sells to consumers access to the Internet and related services. (Wikipedia)
Web Technologies
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Ivailo Chakarov
• a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. (Wikipedia)
• examples:– Windows
– Unix
– Linux
– Mac OS
Web Technologies
Operating System
Ivailo Chakarov
• a device that modulates an analogue signal to encode digital information, and demodulates such a signal to decode the information. (Wikipedia)
• can be:– Internal
– External
Web Technologies
Modem
Ivailo Chakarov
• a network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network (Wikipedia)
• can be:– Internal– External
Web Technologies
Network Card
Ivailo Chakarov
• a piece of software used to view web pages on the World Wide Web
• examples:– Microsoft Internet Explorer– Netscape Navigator– Opera– Mozilla Firefox– Safari– Browzar
Web Technologies
Web browser