1041 THEORY OF STRUCTURES

7 Hours / Week 14 Weeks 98 Hours

Unit 1 17 Hours

1.1 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

Deflected shapes of beams with different support conditions Flexural rigidity and stiffness of beams- Derivation of differential equation of flexure Area moment method Mohrs theorem for slope and deflection of beams Derivation of expressions for maximum slope and maximum deflection of simple standard cases by area moment method for cantilever and simply supported beams subjected to symmetrical UDL & point loads Numerical problems on slope & deflections at salient points from first principles simple problems.

1.2 PROPPED CANTILEVERS

Definition of Prop Statically indeterminacy Prop reaction from deflection consideration SF & BM diagrams by area moment method for UDL throughout span, central and non-central concentrated loads.

Unit 2 15 Hours

2.1 FIXED BEAMS

Introduction to fixed beam sagging & hogging bending moments Determination of fixing moments by area moment method standard cases Fixed beams subjected to symmetrical & unsymmetrical concentrated loads and UDL SF & BM diagrams for supports at the same level (sinking of supports at different levels not included) slope and deflection of fixed beams subjected to symmetrical UDL & concentrated loads by area moment method only Problems.

2.2 ARCHES

Eddys theorem (no proof required) Line or resistance Actual & theoretical arches Different types of arches 3 hinged arches segmental & parabolic arches problems with simple symmetrical loading only.

Unit 3 20 Hours

3.1 CONTINUOUS BEAMS THEOREM OF THREE MOMENTS

Introduction Definition of indeterminate structures General methods of analysis of indeterminate structures Clapeyrons theorem of three moments - statement Application of Clapeyrons theorem of three moments for the following cases Problems on two span simply supported ends one end fixed and the other simply supported simply supported with one end overhanging Propped cantilever sketching of SFD & BMD for the above cases.

3.2 CONTINUOUS BEAMS MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

Introduction sign conventions stiffness factor carry over factor Distribution factor Application to continuous beams upto three spans & propped cantilever Problems Portal frames symmetrical frames only (no sway correction) sketching BMD only for beams and frames.

Unit 4 16 Hours

4.1 COLUMNS AND STRUTS :

Columns and struts Definition short and long columns End conditions equivalent length Slenderness ratio Axially loaded short column - Axially loaded long column Eulers theory of long columns derivation for hinged end conditions other standard cases of end conditions (separate derivations not required) problems Rankines formula derivation simple problems.

4.2 COMBINED BENDING AND DIRECT STRESSES :

Introduction Eccentric loading Effects of eccentric loading on structures in general and short columns in particular combined direct and bending stresses maximum and minimum stresses problems conditions for no tension Limit of eccentricity Middle third rule core or kern of sections for square, rectangular and circular sections chimneys subjected to uniform wind pressure chimneys of square & circular cross sections only problems.

Unit 5 17 Hours

5.1 MASONRY DAMS

Introduction derivation for maximum and minimum stresses stress distribution diagrams Problems Factors affecting stability of masonry dams factor of safety problems on stability minimum base width & maximum height for no tension Elementary profile of a dam Minimum base width of elementary profile for no tension.

5.2 EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING WALLS

Definition Angle of repose state of equilibrium of soil Active and passive earth pressure Rankines theory of earth pressure Assumptions lateral earth pressure with level back fill level surcharge earth pressure due to soils Retaining walls with vertical back only maximum and minimum stresses stress distribution diagrams problems stability of earth retaining walls problems to check stability.

Revision & Test 13 Hours

Reference Books :

1. Theory of structures by S. Ramamrutham2. Theory of structures by B.C. Punmia, Ashok Jain & Arun Jain3. Statically Determinate Structures part 1 by R.S. Khurmi4. Mechanics of structures (Vol.I) by S.B. Junnarkar5. Analysis of structures by V.N. Vazirani & MM. Ratwani6. Elementary theory of structures by R.L. Jindal7. Strength of materials by FV. Warnock

1042 - HYDRAULICS

7 Hours/week 14 weeks 98 Hours

UNIT 1. 18 Hours 1.1 Introduction:

Hydraulics-definition-properties of fluids - mass, force, weight, specific volume, specific gravity, specific weight, density, relative density, compressibility, viscosity, cohesion, adhesion, capillarity and surface tension-dimensions and units of area, volume, specific volume, velocity, acceleration, density, discharge, force, pressure and power.

1.2 Measurement of Pressure: Pressure Pascals law of fluid pressure at a point types-static pressure, absolute

pressure, atmospheric pressure, vacuum or negative gauge pressure-intensity of pressure and pressure and pressure head-conversion from intensity of pressure to pressure head-formula and simple problems-measurement of pressure-atmospheric pressure-simple mercury barometer-pressure measuring devices-peizometer tube-simple U tube manometer-differential manometer-micrometer-problems-

1.3 Hydrostatic Pressure on Surfaces: Pressure on plane surfaces-horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces-total pressure-

center of pressure-depth of center of pressure-resultant pressure-practical applications-sluice gates, lock gates, problems.

UNIT - 2 18 Hours 2.1 Flow of fluids:

Types of flow steady and unsteady flow laminar and turbulent flow uniform flow equation for continuity of flow (law of conservation of mass) Energy possessed by a fluid body-Potential energy and potential Head-Pressure energy and Pressure Head-Kinetic Energy and Kinetic Head- Energy equation Bernoullis theorem-problems-Venturimeter- Orificemeter- simple problem.

2.2 Flow through orifices and mouthpieces: Definitions types of orifices and mouthpieces with sketches small orifices vena

contracta and its significance hydraulic coefficients Cd, Cv and Cc-Simple problems- Large orifice Definition Discharge formula derivation Drowned orifice Definition - formula for finding the discharge of a fully submerged and partially submerged orifice simple problems practical applications of orifices. Mouthpieces- types- External and internal mouthpieces -Practical Cd values -Discharge formula and problems.

UNIT- 3 18 Hours

3.1 Flow through notches: Definitions- Types of Notches rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches

Discharge derivation- Simple problems- Comparison of V-Notch and Rectangular Notch.

.3.2 Flow through Weirs: Definitions- Classifications of weirs- Discharge over a rectangular weir Derivation

simple problems End contractions of a weir Francis formula simple problems Trapezoidal weir simple problems - Cippoletti weir Problems - Narrow crested weir - Sharp crested weir with free over fall- Broad crested weir- submerged weir- Definition of terms -Crest of sill, nappe or vein, Free discharge, drowned or submerged weirs, suppressed weir Stepped weir Velocity of approach Spillways and Siphon spillway-Definition.

UNIT- 4 18 Hours

4.1 Flow through pipes : Definition of pipe-Losses in pipes Major losses- minor losses-, sudden

enlargement, sudden contraction, obstruction in pipes-simple problems - energy/head loses of flowing fluid due to friction losses - Darcys equation -Chezys equation-Derivation - Problems- transmission of power through pipes- Efficiency- Pipes in parallel connected to reservoir- Discharge formula and simple problems.

4.2 Flow through open channels: Definition-Classification-Rectangular and trapezoidal channel-Discharge-Chezys

formula, Bazins formula and Mannings formula- Hydraulic mean depth - -problems-Conditions of rectangular/trapezoidal sections-Specific energy, critical depth-Conditions of maximum discharge and maximum velocity-Problems-Flow in a venturiflume-Lining of canals Types of lining-Cement concrete lining with sketches-Soil cement lining with sketches-LDPE lining.

UNIT 5 18 Hours

5.1 Ground water: Aquifer-Water table -Taping of availability of ground water - Open well - bore well

-Types of well construction - yield of a open well - Equation derivation - Specific capacity of well -Test for yield of well Sanitary protections - No problems.

5.2 Pumps Lifting of water Pumps Definition-classification of pumps-Positive displacement

Pumps and rotodynamic pressure pumps-Characteristics of modern pumps-maximum recommend suction, lift, and power consumed-reciprocating pump-Advantages and disadvantages construction detail and working principle types single acting and doubleacting slip air vessels discharge and efficiency problems.

Centrifugal pump Layout - Construction details - Classification based on working head static, manometric and total effective heads Based on type of casing - Volute and diffusion casing - Based on relative direction of flow through impeller - Radial, mixed and axial flows - Based on entrances of impeller single and double entry impeller

Fundamental equation of centrifugal pump Characteristics of a centrifugal pump Discharge, power and efficiency - Problems specifications of centrifugal pumps and their sections. Hand pump - Jet pump, deep well pump - Plunger pumps - Pump section Piping system.

REVISION AND TEST 8 Hours

Reference :

1. Fluid Mechanics - K.L.Kumar2. Fluid Mechanics - Bansal3. Hydraulics & Hydraulic machines - P. Sankaran, DTE Publications4. Hydraulics - Dr. Jagadish Lal5. Hydraulic Machines - Dr. Jagadish Lal6. Hydraulics Vol. I & II - V.B. Priyani7. Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics machines - R.S. Khurmi8. Fluid Mechanics Prof. S. Nagarathinam9. Mechanics of fluids - Dr. N.S. Govinda Rao10.Fluid Mechanics - Modi & Sethi

1043 - TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

6 Hours/ Week 14 Weeks 84 Hours

A. ROADSUNIT 1 16 Hours

1.1. IntroductionTerms and definitions Nagpur plan Ribbon development classification of

roads Requirements of an ideal road. Importance of roads in India List of National Highways and state highways in Tamilnadu.

1.2. Technical features of a roadRoad structure Road camber Super elevation Road gradient Sight

distances Curves Horizontal curves Vertical Curves types..

1.3 . Traffic EngineeringTraffic signals Advantages Types of road signals Purpose Traffic

surveys Express ways necessity and requirements - Grade Intersections Grade separation Location Types. Road accidents causes of accidents - Preventive measures.

1.4. Highway SurveysSurvey Reconnaisance survey Preliminary survey Location survey

Alignment Factors to be considered in alignment Highway realignment Projects General Principles.

UNIT 2. 16 HOURS

2.1. Road ArboricultureIntroduction - Objects Selection of trees Location of trees Highway

lighting -Benefits.

2.2. Road MachineriesTractors Dozers Ripper Scraper Grader Road roller Road laying

machinery.

2.3. Low Cost RoadsEarthern and gravel roads Construction details with sketches

Maintenance.- Soil stabilization.

2.4. Water Bound Mecadam RoadsMaterials used Construction details with sketches Maintenance.

2.5. Bituminous RoadsBitumen - Coal Tar Asphalt Cutback Emulsions-Test on bitumin

Flash and Fire point test Penetration softening point - Types of bituminous roads Surface dressing Semi grouting Full grouting Bituminous concrete Maintenance of bituminous roads.

2.6. Concrete roadsClassification of concrete road Constructional details Merits and demerits.

2.7. Hill roadsFactors considered in alignment Formation Hairpin bends- Drainage

Retaining and Breast walls.

B. RAILWAYUNIT 3 16 Hours

3.1. Introduction

Introduction History Development Definition Classification of Indian Railways - Gauges Broad gauge Narrow gauge Meter gauge Loading gauge Construction gauge - Difficulties in having different gauges

3.2. Rails General Rail function Types of Rail sections Comparison of rail sections

Kinds of rails Length of rails welding of rails Coning of wheels Bending of rails Creep Wear of rails Hogged rails.

3.3. Sleepers and ballastFunctions of sleepers Types of sleepers Wooden, Cast Iron Prestressed

concrete sleepers Requirements of good sleepers Sleeper density Functions of ballast Characteristics of good ballast Ballast materials.

3.4. Track fixtures, fastenings and plate layingRail joints Fish plates Fish bolts- Fang bolts- Hook bolts Rail chairs and

keys Bearing plates Blocks Spikes-Elastic fastenings- Anchors & Anti creepers Plate laying Different methods - PQRS method of relaying .

3.5. Maintenance of trackNecessity Maintenance of track materials, Bridges & Rolling stocks.

UNIT 4 15 Hours

4.1. Points and CrossingsPurpose and definition of points and crossings - Turnouts Points and

switches Types of switches - Sleepers laid for Points and Crossings Types of Crossings.

4.2. Stations and yardsDefinition of station and yard Types of stations Wayside stations

Junctions and Terminal station Classification of yards Passenger yard Goods yard Marshalling yard Level crossing.

4.3. Station equipments General Engine sheds Water columns Drop pits Turnouts Turn

tables Triangles Buffer stops Fouling marks Sand hump Weigh bridges.

4.4. SignallingObjects of signalling Types Classification according to location Special

signals Typical layouts Control of movement of trains Following train system

Absolute block system- Automatic signaling Pilot guard system Centralised traffic control system.

4.5. InterlockingDefinition Essential principles of interlocking Methods of interlocking

Tappets and lock system and key system.

C. BRIDGES

UNIT 5 15 Hours

5.1. Introduction Bridge definition Components of a bridge IRC loading Selection of type

of bridge Scour Afflux Economic span Waterway.

5.2. Site selection and alignmentFactors governing the ideal site selection Alignment of Bridges Points to

be considered .

5.3. Classification of bridgesClassification according to IRC purpose, Materials, Life, Float position,

Culverts and Cause ways Classification of Culverts with sketches Classification of Causeway Condition to construct Causeway.

5.4. Foundation Function of foundation Depth of Bridge foundation Different types of

foundation - Selection of foundation Control of ground water for foundation Caisson foundation Coffer Dam.

5.5. SubstructurePiers Different types of Piers Abutments Types Wingwalls Types .

5.6. SuperstructureTypes - Description Girder Bridges Balanced Cantilever bridges -

Continuous bridges Arched bridges Suspension Bridges Cantilever Bridges Steel Arched bridges Rigid frame steel bridges Bowstring girder bridges Continuous steel Bridges

5.7. Bridge bearingsPurpose of bearings Function Types of bearings & suitability.

REVISION & TEST 6 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Roads, Railways & Bridges - T.D. Ahuja & G.S.Birdi2. Highways Engg. - P.A. Krishnamoorthy.3. Highways Engg. - S.K. Khanna4. Transportaion Engg. - V.N.Vazrani & S.P.Chandala5. Railway Engg. - S.C. Rangwala6. Road Railways Bridge and Tunnel

Engg. - B.L. Gupta7. Railways Bridges and Tunnels - D.L. Gupta, O.P. Supple &

O.P. Sharma

1044 - HYDRAULICS LABORATORY PRACTICE.

3 Hours/ Week 14 Weeks 42 Hours

Experiments 39 hours

1. Study of manometers and pressure gauges

2. Verification of Bernoullis theorem

3. Flow through Venturimeter Determination of Cd.

4. Flow through Orificemeter Determination of Cd.

Flow through orifice :

5. Determination of Cd by time and fall in head method

6. Determination of Cd by constand head method

Flow through external cylindrical mouth piece :

7. Determination of Cd by time and fall in head method

8. Determination of Cd by Constant head method

Flow through pipes :

9. Determination of friction factor for the given GI pipe /PVC pipe.

Flow through notch :

10. Determination of Cd for rectangular notch / V-notch

Pumps :

11. Centrifugal pump To draw characteristic curves

12. Reciprocating pump To draw characteristic curves.

Revision Test 3 hours

Reference Books :

1. Hydraulic Lab Manual Compiled by T.T.T.I., Chennai 113.

2. Experimental Hydraulic by Ghosh and Talapohia - published by Khanna Publishers, Delhi-6

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONExam mark : 75 marksRecord mark : 25 marks Total : 100 marks

1045 CAD IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING PRACTICE

6 Hours/Week 14 Weeks 84 Hours

Preparation of drawing using AUTOCAD

1. AutoCAD1.1 Definition of various commands used - 9 Hrs.1.2 Simple Exercises using AutoCAD commands - 6 Hrs.

2. Produce drawing using AUTOCAD and output of all the drawings are taken print out in A4 sheet using INKJET/LASER PRINTER or PLOTTER and produced in file form as regard.

2.1. Section of Semicircular Arch. - 3 Hrs.2.2. Elevation of door partly paneled and partly glazed. - 3 Hrs2.3. Section of a lean-to roof. - 3 Hrs2.4. Section of Spread footing foundation. - 3 Hrs

2.5. Section of a Load bearing wall from parapet to FoundationPartly showing all the details across the section.(single storey) - 3 Hrs

2.6. Plan, section and elevation of single bed roomed building. - 12 Hrs.(R.C.C. Roof)

2.7. Plan, section and elevation of a prayer Hall. - 12 Hrs2.8. Plan, section and elevation of a school Building. - 12 Hrs2.9. Preparation of approval drawing to be submitted to

Corporation or Municipality showing required details in one sheet such as - 18 Hrs

a. Site plan (Land boundary, Building boundary, car parking, passage, sanitary layout, septic tank location etc).

b. G.F.Plan, F.F.Plan, Section and Elevation (line diagram is enough)c. Key pland. Septic Tank plan and section (line diagram)e. Rain water harvesting pit. ( with all detail)f. Typical foundation details.( Column foundation or Spread footing)g. Title block showing -Joinery details, Specification, Area Statement, color Index,

Title of the property, Space for Owners Signature and Licensed Surveyors Signature and Planner company Address etc.

Reference : 1. Building Drawing Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.2. AutoCAD quick reference manual Bpb Publications.

1046 SURVEY PRACTICE II

6 Hours / Week 18 Weeks 84 Hours

1. Levelling (30 Hours)

1.1 L.S and C.S for a canal / Road alignment Plotting the profile1.2 Contouring by Block levels plotting by interpolation1.3 Site survey for Civil structures

a. Setting out of a buildingb. Setting out of simple circular curve (offsets from long chord)

1.4 Fly Levelling 10 staff reading 4 Change points 2 Inverted levels,

2. Theodolite (36 Hours)

2.1 Setting up of Theodolite Temporary Adjustment Reading horizontal angles2.2 Measurement of horizontal angle by general method2.3 Measurement of horizontal angle by reiteration method2.4 Measurement of Horizontal angle by repetition method 2.5 Closed theodolite traverse measuring included angle 2.6 Distance between two in accessible points measuring angle from a baseline.2.7 Measurements of vertical angles 2.8 Height of the object when the base is accessible2.9 Height of an object when the base is inaccessible

i) Single plane methodii) Double plane method

3. Tachometry (18 Hours)

3.1. Determination of constants of a Tacheometer3.2. Determination of distance and elevation of a point by Tacheometric observations3.3. Determination of gradient between two points of different elevations3.4. Tangential tacheometric observation Exercise

Survey Camp (Outside the Campus)

1. Duration 7 days2. 15 marks to be allotted for survey file in Examination3. Works to be conducted in survey camp

i) L.S and C.S for a cannal / road alignment ii) Radial Tachometric contouringiii) Contouring by block levelsiv) Curve setting by deflection anglev) Check levellingvi) Setting out of building and culvertvii) Theodolite / Tacheometric traverse (Balance in the traverse by Bowdich rule)

Note: For examination

1) Part A Fly leveling with 10 points including 2 change in points and inverted point. (25 Marks)

2) Part B Using theodolite one question (30 Marks).

1042 - hydraulicsUNIT- 4 18 Hours

UNIT 2.16 HoursC. BRIDGESUNIT 5 15 HoursExperiments 39 hoursRevision Test 3 hours

Scheme of Examination