IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 74. Actinide …nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd602.pdf · IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 74. Actinide Carbon Compounds Editor Jiri Ha´laa– Department

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 74. Actinide Carbon Compounds

Editor

Jiri Halaa

Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Contributors ~*Evaluator!

Jiri Hala*Masaryk University, Czech Republic

James D. NavratilClemson University, USA

~Received 15 August 2000; accepted 2 December 2000!

This volume presents solubility data of the carbonates, salts of carboxylic acids, andother carbon containing compounds of actinides. Covered are compounds of thorium,uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and one system for curium. No solubilitydata on carbonates or other carbon containing compounds have been found for otheractinide elements. The literature has been covered up to the end of 1999, and there wasa great effort to have the literature survey as complete as possible. Only those publishedresults that report meaningful data were considered for the volume. Papers that reportedqualitative results with statements like sparingly soluble or insoluble, etc. were notconsidered. In addition to papers that published numerical data, some papers that pre-sented data in graphical form only were considered as well. They were considered for thevolume either if no other data were available for the system, if the data were published indifficult to obtain older literature, or if the data were considered to be of importance forother reasons. For many compounds it was not possible to provide the Chemical Ab-stracts Registry Numbers since these have not yet been assigned. For this reason, theRegistry Number index is incomplete. 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Key words: actinides; actinide carbon compounds; aqueous solutions; nonaqueous solutions; solubility.

Contents

1. Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5332. Introduction to the Solubility Data Series:

Solubility of Solids in Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5342.1. The Nature of the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5342.2. Compilations and Evaluations. . . . . . . . . . . . 534

2.2.1. Compilations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5342.2.2. Evaluations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

2.3. Quantities and Units Used in Compilationand Evaluation of Solubility Data. . . . . . . . . 5352.3.1. Mixtures, Solutions, and

Solubilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5352.3.2. Physicochemical Quantities and

Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5362.4. References for the Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . 537

3. The Solubility of Actinium Compounds. . . . . . . . . 5393.1. Actinium Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

4. The Solubility of Thorium Compounds. . . . . . . . . 541

a!Electronic mail: [email protected] 2001 American Institute of Physics.

0047-26892001302531168$35.00 531

4.1. Thorium Oxocarbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5414.2. Salts of Pentakis~carbonato! Thorate ~6-!. . . 542

4.2.1 Evaluation of theNa6Th~CO3!51Na2CO31H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

4.3. Guanidinium Trisfluorotris~carbonato!Thorate ~6-!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

4.4. Hexamminecobalt~III!Pentakis~carbonato!Aqua Thorate ~6-!. . . . . . 545

4.5. Thorium Formate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5454.5.1. Thorium Formate Trihydrate. . . . . . 545

4.6. Thorium Acetate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5464.7. Thorium Carboxylates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5474.8. Thorium O-Alkylcarbonodithioates. . . . . . . . 5484.9. Thorium Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

4.9.1. Evaluation of the Th~C2O4!21H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

4.9.2. Thorium Oxalate Dihydrate. . . . . . . 5494.9.3. Evaluation of the

Th~C2O4!21HNO31H2O System.. . 5514.9.4. Evaluation of the

Th~C2O4!21H2SO41H2O System. . 553

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2001

532532 JIRI HALA

4.9.5. Evaluation of theTh~C2O4!21~NH4!2C2O41H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

4.9.6. Evaluation of theTh~C2O4!21C2H2O41HNO31H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

4.9.7. Th~C2O4!21Th~CO3!21Na2C2O41Na2CO31H2O System. . . . . . . . . . 568

4.10. Ammonium Tetrakis~oxalato!thorate. . . . . . . 5694.11. Thorium Oxobis~o-hydroxybenzoate!. . . . . . 5694.12. Thorium ~5-nitro!Barbiturate. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5704.13. Thorium 8-Hydroxyquinolinate. . . . . . . . . . . 5714.14. Thorium Phthalocyaninate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

5. The Solubility of Uranium Compounds. . . . . . . . . 5725.1. Uranium Dioxo Carbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

5.1.1. Evaluation of theUO2CO3CO3

2Na2CO3H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

5.2. Sodium Dicarbonatodioxouranate~VI!~2-!. . . 5815.3. Salts of Tris~carbonato!Dioxouranante~4-!. . 5825.4. Sodium Pentakis~carbonato!

Bis$dioxouranate~VI!%~6-!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5875.5. Uranium~VI! Dioxo Bis~carboxylates!. . . . . . 5885.6. Uranium~VI! Dioxobis~acetate! Dihydrate... 5915.7. Sodium Tris~acetato! Dioxouranate~VI!. . . . . 5915.8. Sodium Zinc Tris~dioxouranium~VI!!

Nonakis~acetate!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5935.9. Uranium~VI! Dioxo

Bis~carboxylates!1Organic Solvent1WaterTernary Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

5.10. Uranium~VI! DioxoBis~benzenesulfonate!1Phosphoric AcidTri-n-Butyl Ester1Water System. . . . . . . . . 600

5.11. Uranium~IV! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6015.11.1 Evaluation of the U~C2O4!21H2O

System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6015.11.2 Evaluation of the

U~C2O4!21HCl1H2O System. . . . . 6035.11.3. Potassium Tetrakis~Oxalato!

Uranate~IV!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6095.11.4. Uranium~VI! Dioxo~oxalate!. . . . . . 6095.11.5. Evaluation of the UO2C2O41H2O

System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6095.11.6. Evaluation of the

UO2C2O41HNO31H2O System.. . . 6115.11.7. Uranium~VI! Dioxo~oxalate!

N,N8-Dimethyl FormamideMonosolvate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

5.12. Ammonium Tris~o-hydroxybenzoato!Dioxouranate ~VI!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

5.13. Uranium~VI! Dioxo~8-hydroxyquino-linate!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

5.14. Uranium~VI!Dioxo~ethylenediaminetetraacetate!. . . . . . . . 629

5.15. Uranium~VI! Dioxo@4,4,4-trifluoro-1-~2-thienyl!-1,3-butanedionate#. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629


5.16. Uranium~IV! Phthalocyaninate. . . . . . . . . . . . 6306. The Solubility of Neptunium Compounds. . . . . . . 630

6.1. Neptunium~VI! Dioxocarbonate. . . . . . . . . . . 6306.2. Salts of Dioxocarbonato Neptunate~V!~-1!. . 631

6.2.1. Evaluation of theNaNpO2CO31CO21NaClO41H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

6.3. Salts of Dioxo Bis~carbonato!Neptunate~V!~-3!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

6.4. Salts of Dioxo Tris~carbonato!Neptunate~V!~-5!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

6.5. Hexamminecobalt~III! Salts ofDioxo~carbonate! Neptunates. . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

6.6. Neptunium~IV! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6456.7. Neptunium~VI! Dioxo~oxalate!. . . . . . . . . . . 647

7. The Solubility of Plutonium Compounds. . . . . . . . 6487.1. Plutonium~VI! Dioxocarbonate. . . . . . . . . . . 648

7.1.1. Evaluation of thePuO2CO31CO21NaClO41H2OSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

7.2. Ammonium Tris~carbonato!Dioxoplutonate~VI!~-4!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

7.3. Ammonium HydroxocarbonatoDioxoplutonate~VI!~-1!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

7.4. Hexamminecobalt~III! Salt ofPentakis~carbonato!Aquaplutonate~IV!~-6!. . 654

7.5. Plutonium~III! Formate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6557.6. Plutonium~III! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

7.6.1. Evaluation of thePu2~C2O4!31C2H2O41HNO31AscorbicAcid or Hydrazine1H2O System... 657

7.7. Plutonium~IV! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6617.7.1. Evaluation of the Pu~C2O4!21H2O

System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6617.7.2. Evaluation of the

Pu~C2O4!21HNO31H2O System. . . 6627.8. Plutonium~VI! Dioxo~oxalate!. . . . . . . . . . . . 6667.9. Plutonium~III! o-hydroxybenzoate. . . . . . . . . 6687.10. Plutonium~IV! oxo~o-hydroxybenzoates!. . . . 6697.11. Plutonium~IV! 8-Hydroxyquinolinates. . . . . . 6717.12. Plutonium~IV!

N-Hydroxy-N-Nitrosobenzeneaminate. . . . . . 6728. The Solubility of Americium Compounds. . . . . . . 673

8.1. Americium~III! Carbonate andAmericium~III! Hydrogencarbonate. . . . . . . . 6738.1.1. Evaluation of the Am~OH!CO3 or

Am2~CO3!31CO3221NaClO41H2O

System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6738.2. Salts of Carbonatodioxoamericiate~V!~-1!... 6778.3. Americium~III! Formate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6788.4. Americium~III! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

9. The Solubility of Curium Compounds. . . . . . . . . . 6849.1. Curium~III! Oxalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684

10. System Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68611. Registry Number Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69112. Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

533533IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

List of Tables1. Interconversions between quantities used as

measures of solubilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

List of Figures1. Thorium tetrakis~formate!formic acidwater

system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5452. Thorium bis~oxalate!nitric acidwater system.. . 5513. Thorium bis~oxalate!ammonium oxalatewater

system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5604. Uranium ~VI! dioxobis~acetate!tri-n-butyl

phosphatewater system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5905. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~trifluoroacetate!diethyl

etherwater system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5946. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~trifluoroacetate!

tri-n-butyl phosphatewater system . . . . . . . . . . . . 5957. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~monochloroacetate!

diethyl etherwater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5958. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~monochloroacetate!

tri-n-butyl phosphatewater system. . . . . . . . . . . . 5979. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~trichloroacetate!diethyl

etherwater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59810. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~trichloroacetate!

tri-n-butyl phosphatewater system. . . . . . . . . . . . 59911. Uranium ~VI! dioxo bis~benzenesulfonate!

tri-n-butyl phosphatewater system. . . . . . . . . . . . 60012. Uranium ~VI! dioxooxalatesodium oxalate

water system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60113. Uranium ~VI! dioxooxalateammonium oxalate

water system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61714. Uranium ~VI! dioxooxalatepotassium oxalate

water system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61815. Sodium carbonato dioxoneptunate ~V!sodium

perchloratecarbon dioxidewater system. . . . . . . 61816. Sodium carbonato dioxoneptunate ~V!sodium



chloridecarbon dioxidewater system. . . . . . . . . . 63719. Sodium bis~carbonato! dioxoneptunate ~V!

sodium carbonatesodium nitratecarbondioxidewater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

20. Plutonium ~VI! dioxocarbonatesodiumhydrogen carbonatesodium perchloratecarbondioxidewater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

21. Diplutonium ~III!tris~oxalate!oxalic acidnitric acidwater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

22. Plutonium ~IV! bis~oxalate!nitric acidwatersystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

23. Diamericium tris~carbonate!sodiumperchloratecarbon dioxidewater system. . . . . . . 674

24. Diamericium ~III!tris~oxalate!oxalic acidnitric acidwater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

25. Dicurium ~III!tris~oxalate!oxalic acidnitricacidwater system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684

1. Preface

This volume presents solubility data of the carbonates,salts of carboxylic acids, and other carbon containing com-pounds of actinides. Covered are compounds of thorium,uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and one systemfor curium. No solubility data on carbonates or other carboncontaining compounds have been found for other actinideelements. The literature has been covered up to the end of1999, and there was a great effort to have the literature sur-vey as complete as possible.

Only those published results that report meaningful datawere considered for the volume. Papers that reported quali-tative results with statements like sparingly soluble orinsoluble, etc. were not considered. In addition to papersthat published numerical data some papers that presenteddata in graphical form only were considered as well. Theywere considered for the volume either if no other data wereavailable for the system, if the data were published in diffi-cult to obtain older literature, or if the data were consideredto be of importance for other reasons. The first two criterialed the compiler to include sometimes papers in which theauthors failed to specify conditions such as temperature,equilibrium time, or methods of analysis. The last criterionhas particularly been applied to many of the recent papers onthe solubility of actinide carbonates where high precision pHtitration technique was used to obtain the solubility datawhich were, however, reported in graphical form, or occa-sionally as solubility products, without reporting numericalsolubility data. Another reason for including these data wastheir importance from the point of view of environmentalscience since carbonates of actinides are substances relevantto the chemical behavior of actinides in radioactive wasterepositories. Phase diagrams were included for some of themulticomponent systems. Of the many systems covered bythe volume relatively few were studied by more than onelaboratory. Thus the opportunity to carry out evaluations hasbeen limited, and only 17 systems have been evaluated. Insome of these systems, however, there has been so muchuncertainty that even tentative solubility values could not berecommended.

Of all published papers only two remained unavailable tothe compiler, and could not be included. These are the fol-lowing two reports from the Institute of Radiochemistry,Technical University, Munich, Germany: M. F. Bernkopf, J.I. Kim, Report RCM-02884, 1984, reporting the solubility ofAm~OH!CO3 in 0.1 mol dm

23 NaClO4, and W. Runde, J. I.Kim, Report RCM-01094, 1994, reporting the solubility ofNaAm~V!O2CO3 in 3 and 5 mol dm

23 NaCl. For many com-pounds it was not possible to show the Chemical AbstractsRegistry Numbers since these have not been assigned. Forthis reason, the Registry Number index is incomplete.


534534 JIRI HALA

2. Introduction to the Solubility DataSeries: Solubility of Solids in Liquids

2.1. The Nature of the Project

The Solubility Data project ~SDP! has as its aim a com-prehensive review of published data for solubilities of gases,liquids, and solids in liquids or solids. Data of suitable pre-cision are compiled for each publication on data sheets in auniform format. The data for each system are evaluated and,where data from independent sources agree sufficiently, rec-ommended values are proposed. The evaluation sheets, rec-ommended values, and compiled data sheets are publishedon consecutive pages.

2.2. Compilations and Evaluations

The formats for the compilations and critical evaluationshave been standardized for all volumes. A description ofthese formats follows.

2.2.1. Compilations

The format used for the compilations is, for the most part,self-explanatory. Normally, a compilation sheet is dividedinto boxes, with detailed contents described below.

Components Each component is listed according toIUPAC name, formula, and Chemical Abstracts ~CA! Regis-try Number. The Chemical Abstracts name is also included ifthis differs from the IUPAC name, as are trivial names ifappropriate. IUPAC and common names are cross-referenced to Chemical Abstracts names in the System In-dex.

The formula is given either in terms of the IUPAC orHill 1 system and the choice of formula is governed by whatis usual for most current users; i.e., IUPAC for inorganiccompounds, and Hill system for organic compounds. Com-ponents are ordered on a given compilation sheet accordingto:

~a! saturating components,~b! nonsaturating components, and~c! solvents.

In each of ~a!, ~b! or ~c!, the components are arranged inorder according to the IUPAC 18-column periodic table withtwo additional rows:

Columns 1 and 2: H, alkali elements, ammonium, alkalineearth elements

Columns 312: transition elementsColumns 1317: boron, carbon, nitrogen groups; chalco-

genides, halogensColumn 18: noble gasesRow 1: Ce to LuRow 2: Th to the end of the known elements, in order of

atomic number.The same order is followed in arranging the compilation

sheets within a given volume.


Original Measurements References are abbreviated in theforms given by Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index~CASSI!. Names originally in other than Roman alphabetsare given as transliterated by Chemical Abstracts. In the caseof multiple entries ~for example, translations! an asterisk in-dicates the publication used for compilation of the data.

Variables Ranges of temperature, pressure, etc., are indi-cated here.

Prepared by The names of all compilers are given here.Experimental Data Components are described as ~1!, ~2!,

etc., as defined in the Components box. Data are reportedin the units used in the original publication, with the excep-tion that modern names for units and quantities are used;e.g., mass percent for weight percent; mol dm23 for molar;etc. Usually, only one type of value ~e.g., mass percent! isfound in the original paper, and the compiler has added theother type of value ~e.g., mole percent! from computer cal-culations based on 1989 atomic weights.2 Temperatures areexpressed as t/C, t/F or T/K as in the original; if neces-sary, conversions to T/K are made, sometimes in the compi-lations and always in the critical evaluation. However, theauthors units are expressed according to IUPACrecommendations3 as far as possible.

Errors in calculations, fitting equations, etc., are noted, andwhere possible corrected. Material inserted by the compileris identified by the word compiler or by the compilersname in parentheses or in a footnote. In addition, compiler-calculated values of mole or mass fractions are included ifthe original data do not use these units. If densities are re-ported in the original paper, conversions from concentrationsto mole fractions are included, but otherwise this is done inthe evaluation, with the values and sources of the densitiesbeing quoted and referenced.

Details of smoothing equations ~with limits! are includedif they are present in the original publication and if the tem-perature or pressure ranges are wide enough to justify thisprocedure and if the compiler finds that the equations areconsistent with the data.

The precision of the original data is preserved when de-rived quantities are calculated, if necessary by the inclusionof one additional significant figure. In some cases, compilersnote that numerical data have been obtained from publishedgraphs using digitizing techniques. In these cases, the preci-sion of the data can be determined by the quality of theoriginal graph and the limitations of the digitizing technique.In some cases graphs have been included, either to illustratedata more clearly, or if this is the only information in theoriginal. Full grids are not usually inserted all it is not in-tended that users should read data from the graphs.

Method The apparatus and procedure are mentionedbriefly. Abbreviations used in Chemical Abstracts are oftenused here to save space, reference being made to sources offurther detail if these are cited in the original paper.

Source and Purity of Materials For each component, re-ferred to as ~1!, ~2!, etc., the following information ~in thisorder and in abbreviated form! is provided if available in the


original paper: source and specified method of preparation;properties; degree of purity.

Estimated Error If estimated errors were omitted by theoriginal authors, and if relevant information is available, thecompilers have attempted to estimate errors ~identified bycompiler or the compilers name in parentheses or in afootnote! from the internal consistency of data and type ofapparatus used. Methods used by the compilers for estimat-ing and reporting errors are based on Ku and Eisenhart.4

Comments and/or Additional Data Many compilationsinclude this section which provides short comments relevantto the general nature of the work or additional experimentaland thermodynamic data which are judged by the compiler tobe of value to the reader.

References The format for these follows the format forthe Original Measurements box, except that final page num-bers are omitted. References ~usually cited in the originalpaper! are given where relevant to interpretation of the com-pile data, or where cross reference can be made to othercompilations.

2.2.2. Evaluations

The evaluators task is to assess the reliability and qualityof the data, to estimate errors where necessary, and to rec-ommend best values. The evaluation takes the form of asummary in which all the data supplied by the compiler havebeen critically reviewed. There are only three boxes on atypical evaluation sheet, and these are described below.

Components The format is the same as on the Compila-tion sheets.

Evaluator The name and affiliation of the evaluator~s!and date up to which the literature was checked.

Critical Evaluation ~a! Critical text. The evaluatorchecks that the compiled data are correct, assesses their reli-ability and quality, estimates errors where necessary, andrecommends numerical values based on all the publisheddata ~including theses, patents and reports! for each givensystem. Thus, the evaluator reviews the merits or shortcom-ings of the various data. Only published data are considered.Documented rejection of some published data may occur atthis stage, and the corresponding compilations may be re-moved.

The solubility of comparatively few systems is knownwith sufficient accuracy to enable a set of recommended val-ues to be presented. Although many systems have been stud-ied by at least two workers, the range of temperatures isoften sufficiently different to make meaningful comparisonimpossible.

Occasionally, it is not clear why two groups of workersobtained very different but internally consistent sets of re-sults at the same temperature, although both sets of resultswere obtained by reliable methods. In such cases, a definitiveassessment may not be possible. In some cases, two or moresets of data have been classified as tentative even though thesets are mutually inconsistent.

~b! Fitting equations. If the use of a smoothing equation is

justifiable the evaluator may provide an equation represent-ing the solubility as a function of the variables reported onall the compilation sheets, stating the limits within which itshould be used.

~c! Graphical summary. In addition to ~b! above, graphicalsummaries are often given.

~d! Recommended values. Data are recommended if theresults of at least two independent groups are available andthey are in good agreement, and if the evaluator has no doubtas to the adequacy and reliability of the applied experimentaland computational procedures. Data are reported as tentativeif only one set of measurements is available, or if the evalu-ator considers some aspect of the computational or experi-mental method as mildly undesirable but estimates that itshould cause only minor error. Data are considered as doubt-ful if the evaluator considers some aspect of the computa-tional or experimental method as undesirable but still consid-ers the data to have some value where the order of magnitudeof the solubility is needed. Data determined by an inadequatemethod or under ill-defined conditions are rejected. How-ever, references to these data are included in the evaluationtogether with a comment by the evaluator as to the reason fortheir rejection.

~e! References. All pertinent references are given here,including all those publications appearing in the accompany-ing compilation sheets and those which, by virtue of theirpoor precision, have been rejected and not compiled.

~f! Units. While the original data may be reported in theunits used by the investigators, the final recommended valuesare reported in SI units3 when the data can be accuratelyconverted.

2.3. Quantities and Units Used in Compilation andEvaluation of Solubility Data

2.3.1. Mixtures, Solutions, and Solubilities

A mixture5 describes a gaseous, liquid or solid phase con-taining more than one substance, where the substances are alltreated in the same way.

A solution5 describes a liquid or solid phase containingmore than one substance, when for convenience one of thesubstances, which is called the solvent, and may itself be amixture, is treated differently than the other substances,which are called solutes. If the sum of the mole fractions ofthe solutes is small compared to unity, the solution is calleda dilute solution.

The solubility of a solute 1 ~solid, liquid, or gas! is theanalytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed interms of the proportion of the designated solute in a desig-nated solvent.6

Saturated implies equilibrium with respect to the pro-cesses of dissolution and precipitation; the equilibrium maybe stable or metastable. The solubility of a substance inmetastable equilibrium is usually greater than that of thesame substance in stable equilibrium. ~Strictly speaking, it isthe activity of the substance in metastable equilibrium that is


536536 JIRI HALA

greater.! Care must be taken to distinguish true metastabilityfrom supersaturation, where equilibrium does not exist.

Either point of view, mixture or solution, may be taken indescribing solubility. The two points of view find their ex-pression in the reference states used for definition of activi-ties, activity coefficients, and osmotic coefficients.

Note that the composition of a saturated mixture ~or solu-tion! can be described in terms of any suitable set of thermo-dynamic components. Thus, the solubility of a salt hydrate inwater is usually given as the relative proportions of anhy-drous salt in solution, rather then the relative proportions ofhydrated salt and water.

2.3.2. Physicochemical Quantities and Units

Solubilities of solids have been the subject of research fora long time, and have been expressed in a great many ways,as described below. In each case, specification of the tem-perature and either partial or total pressure of the saturatinggaseous component is necessary. The nomenclature and unitsfollow, where possible, IUPAC Green Book.3 A few quanti-ties follow the ISO standards7 or the German standard;8 see areview by Cvitas9 for details.

A Note on Nomenclature The nomenclature of theIUPAC Green Book3 calls the solute component B and thesolvent component A. In compilations and evaluations, thefirst-named component ~component 1! is the solute, and thesecond ~component 2 for a two-component system! is thesolvent. The reader should bear these distinctions in nomen-clature in mind when comparing equations given here withthose in the Green Book.

1. Mole fraction of substance 1, x1 or x(1) ~condensedphases!, y1 ~gases!:

xl5n1Y (s51

c

ns , ~1!

where ns is the amount of substance of s, and c is the numberof distinct substances present ~often the number of thermo-dynamic components in the system!. Mole percent of sub-stance 1 is 100 x1 .

2. Ionic mole fractions of salt i, xi1 ,xi2 : For mixture of sbinary salts i, each of which ionizes completely into ni1cations and y i2 anions, with y i5v i11y i2 and a mixture ofp nonelectrolytes k, of which some may be considered assolvent components, a generalization of the definition inRobinson and Stokes gives:10

x1i5y1ix1i

11( j51s ~y j21 !x j

, x2i5y2ix1i

y1ii51...s ,

~2!

x0k5x j

11( j51s ~y j21 !x j

, k5~s11 !. . .c . ~3!

The sum of these mole fractions is unity, so that, with c5s1p


(i51

s

~x1i1x2i!1 (i5s11

c

xoi51. ~4!

General conversions to other units in multicomponent sys-tems are complicated. For a three-component system con-taining nonelectrolyte 1, electrolyte 2, and solvent 3,

x15y12xo1

y122~y221 !x12x25

x12y122~y221 !x12

. ~5!

These relations are used in solubility equations for salts, andfor tabulation of salt effects of solubilities of gases.

3. Mass fraction of substance 1, w1 or w(1):

w15g1Y (s51

c

gs ~6!

where gs is the mass of substance s. Mass percent of sub-stance 1 is 100 w1 . The equivalent terms weight fraction,weight percent, and g(1)/100 g solution are no longer used.

4. Solute mole fraction of substance 1, xy ,1 :

xs ,15m1Y (s51

c8

ms5x1Y (s51

c8

xs , ~7!

where c8 is the number of solutes in the mixture. Thesequantities are sometimes called Janecke mole ~mass!fractions.11,12 Solute mass fraction of substance 1, ws ,1 , isdefined analogously.

5. Solvent mole fraction of substance 1, xy ,1 :

xy ,15x1Y (s51

p

xs . ~8!

Here, p is the number of solvent components in the mixture.Solvent mass fraction of substance 1, wy ,1 , is defined analo-gously.

6. Molality of solute 1 in a solvent 2, m1 :

m15n1 /n2M 2 ~9!

SI base units: mol kg21. Here, M 2 is the molar mass of thesolvent.

7. Aquamolality, Solvomolality of substance 1 in a mixedsolvent with components 2, 3,13 m1

(3) :

m1~3 !5m1M /M 3 ~10!

SI base units: mol kg21. Here, the average molar mass of thesolvent is

M5xy ,2M 21~12yy ,2!M 3 ~11!

and xy , is the solvent mole fraction of component 2. Thisterm is used most frequently in discussing comparative solu-bilities in water ~component 2! and heavy water ~component3! and in their mixtures.

8. Amount concentration of solute 1 in a solution of vol-ume V , c1 :

c15@formula of solute#5n1 /V ~12!


SI base units: mol cm23. The symbol c1 is preferred to @for-mula of solute#, but both are used. The old terms molarity,molar and moles per unit volume are no longer used.

9. Mass concentration of solute 1 in a solution of volumeV , r1 :

r15g1 /V5c1M 1 /V ~13!

SI base units: kg m23.10. Mole ratio, rA,B ~dimensionless!:

9

rn ,125n1 /n2 . ~14!

Mass ratio, symbol zA,B , may be defined analogously.9

11. Ionic strength, Im ~molality basis!, or Ic ~concentrationbasis!:

Im51

2 (i mizi2, Ic5

1

2 (i c iz iz, ~15!

where zi is the charge number of ion i. While these quantitiesare not used generally to express solubilities, they are used toexpress the compositions of nonsaturating components. For asingle salt i with ions of charge numbers z1 and z2 ,

Im5uz1z2uymi , Ic5uz1z2uyci . ~16!

Mole and mass fractions and mole ratios are appropriate toeither the mixture of the solution point of view. The otherquantities are appropriate to the solution point of view only.Conversions between pairs of these quantities can be carriedout using the equation given in Table 1 at the end of thisIntroduction. Other useful quantities will be defined in theprefaces to individual volumes or on specific data sheets.

Salt hydrates are generally not considered to be saturatingcomponents since most solubilities are expressed in terms ofthe anhydrous salt. The existence of hydrates or solvates isnoted carefully in the critical evaluation.

Mineralogical names are also quoted, along with their CARegistry Numbers, again usually in the text and CA RegistryNumbers ~where available! are given usually in the criticalevaluation.

In addition to the quantities defined above, the followingare useful in conversions between concentrations and otherquantities.

12. Density, r:

r5g/V5(s1

c

rs ~17!

SI base units: kg m23. Here g is the total mass of the system.13. Relative density, d5r/r0: the ratio of the density of a

mixture at temperature t, pressure p to the density of a ref-

erence substance at temperature t8, pressure p8. For liquidsolutions, the reference substance is often water at 4 C, 1bar. ~In some cases 1 atm is used instead of 1 bar.! The termspecific gravity is no longer used.

Thermodynamics of Solubility Thermodynamic analysisof solubility phenomena provides a rational basis for the con-struction of functions to represent solubility data, and thusaids in evaluation, and sometimes enables thermodynamicquantities to be extracted. Both these aims are often difficultto achieve because of a lack of experimental or theoreticalactivity coefficients. Where thermodynamic quantities can befound, they are not evaluated critically, since this task wouldinvolve examination of a large body of data that is not di-rectly relevant to solubility. Where possible, procedures forevaluation are based on established thermodynamic methods.Specific procedures used in a particular volume will be de-scribed in the Preface to this volume.

2.4. References for the Introduction

1 E. A. Hill, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 22, 473 ~1900!.2 IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, PureAppl. Chem. 63, 975 ~1989!.

3 L. Mills et al., eds., Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry~The Green Book! ~Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1993!.

4 H. H. Ku, p. 73; C. Eisenhart, p. 69; in H. H. Ku, ed., Precision Measure-ment and Calibration NBS Special Publication 300, Vol. 1 ~NBS, Wash-ington, 1969!.

5 V. Gold et al., eds., Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature ~The GoldBook! ~Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1987!.

6 H. Freiser and G. H. Nancollas, eds., Compendium of Analytical Nomen-clature ~The Orange Book! ~Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford,UK, 1987!, Sect. 9.1.8.

7 ISO Standards Handbook, Quantities and Units ~International StandardsOrganization, Geneva, 1993!.

8 German Standard, DIN 1310, Zusammensetzung von Mischphasen ~BeuthVerlag, Berlin, 1984!.

9 T. Cvitas, Chem. Int 17, 123 ~1995!.10 R. A. Robinson and R. H. Stokes, Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed. ~Butter-

worths, London, 1959!.11 E. Z. Janecke, Anorg. Chem. 51, 132 ~1906!.12 H. L. Priedman, J. Chem. Phys. 32, 1351 ~1960!.13 J. W. Lorimer, R. Cohen-Adad, and J. W. Lorimer, Alkali Metal and

Ammonium Chlorides in Water and Heavy Water (Binary Systems), IU-PAC Solubility Data Series, Vol. 47 ~Pergamon, Oxford, UK, 1991!, p.495.

This section was written by:R. Cohen-Adad Villeurbeanne, FranceJ. W. Lorimer London, Ont, CanadaM. Salomon Sea Bright, NJ, USAM.-T. Saugier-Cohen Adad Villeurbenne, France

December 1995


538538 JIRI HALA

TABLE 1. Interconversions between quantities used as measures of solubilities c-component systems containing c21 solutes i and single solvent c ~rdensityof solution: M 1molar masses of i. For relations for two-component systems, set summations to 0!.

xi wi mi ci

xi5 xi

1

11MiMc

H 1wi211(j1c21 SMcMi21D wjwi J

1

111

miMc1(

ji

c21

mjmi

1

111

McSrci2MiD1(j1

c21cjci

S12 MjMcD

wi5

1

11McMi

H1xi211(j1c21 SMjMc21D xjxi J wi

1

111

miM1S11(

j1

c21

mjMjD ciMirmi5

1

Mc S1xi212(j1c21

xjxiD

1

Mi S 1wi212(j1c21

wjwi

D mi1

1

ciSr2(

j1

c21

cjMjD2Mici5

r

Mi1McH1xi211(j1c21 SMjMc21D xjxi J

rwiMi

r

1

miS11(

j1

c21

mjMjD2Mj ci


.24

h,th

eso

lutio

nw

asej

ecte

dfr

omth

eco

neby

gase

ous

radi

olyt

icpr

oduc

ts!.

Sam

ples

from

satu

rate

dso

lutio

ns(;

102

4m

l)w

ere

take

nin

toca

libra

ted

capi

llari

esan

dpl

aced

into

akn

own

volu

me

of1

mol

dm2

3H

NO

3.Fr

omth

isso

lutio

nsa

mpl

esfo

rco

untin

gof

227 A

cw

ere

take

n.Fo

rm

icro

scal

em

easu

rem

ents

,th

ew

ork

was

done

in0.

5

2m

lvo

lum

es.

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3

was

prec

ipita

ted

from

HN

O3

solu

tion

with

asa

tura

ted

solu

tion

of~N

H4!

2C2O

4.T

hepr

ecip

itate

was

cent

rifu

ged

and

repe

ated

lyw

ashe

dan

dco

vere

dw

ithw

ater

.T

opr

epar

esa

mpl

esfo

rco

untin

g,th

esa

mpl

esw

ere

take

nth

roug

ha

capi

llary

fille

dw

ithfin

egl

ass

fiber

byus

ing

am

icro

pum

p,in

to1

mL

1m

oldm

23

HN

O3

afte

rw

hich

the

pipe

ttew

asw

ashe

dse

vera

ltim

esw

ithth

isso

lutio

n.

mpo

nent

s:O

rigi

nal

Mea

sure

men

ts:

Dia

ctin

ium

tris

~oxa

late

!;A

c 2~C

2O4!

3;@7

264-

35-9

#O

xalic

acid

;C

2H2O

4;

@144

-62-

7#W

ater

;H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

D.

M.

Ziv

and

I.A

.Sh

esta

kova

,R

adio

khim

iya

7,16

6

75~1

965!

.

riab

les:

Pre

pare

dby

:

K:2

94/m

oldm

23:5

310

25

0.5

J.H

ala

and

J.D

.N

avra

til

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Com

posi

tion

ofox

alic

acid

solu

tions

satu

rate

dat

21C

with

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3a

C2H

2O4

2/m

oldm

23 )

pHA

c31

~mg

dm2

3 !A

c31

(106

mol

dm2

3 !A

c 2~C

2O4!

3

(106

c 1/m

oldm

23 !

C2O

422

b

(105

mol

dm2

3 !

53

102

53.

42.

511

5.5

0.69

53

102

43.

01.

25.

32.

62.

96

53

102

32.

30.

964.

22.

15.

85

53

102

10.

97.

85c

34.6

c17

.3c

8.0

heco

mpo

sitio

nof

the

equi

libri

umso

lidph

ases

was

not

repo

rted

.al

cula

ted

byau

thor

sfr

omto

tal

oxal

icac

idco

ncen

trat

ion,

pH,

and

diss

ocia

tion

cons

tant

sof

oxal

icac

id,

Ka1

55.

9310

22

mol

dm2

3 ,

a25

6.43

102

5m

oldm

23 .

his

incr

ease

inso

lubi

lity

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3w

asex

plai

ned

byth

eau

thor

sby

ash

arpe

rin

crea

sein

the

H1

ion

conc

entr

atio

nin

com

pari

son

ithth

atof

C2O

422io

n,an

dpa

rtly

byco

mpl

exfo

rmat

ion. Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

etho

dA

ppar

atusP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

ther

mal

met

hod

onm

icro

scal

ew

asus

ed.

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3

was

cipi

tate

dfr

omH

NO

3so

lutio

nw

ithsa

tura

ted

solu

tion

ofH

4!2C

2O4.

The

prec

ipita

tew

asce

ntri

fuge

dan

dre

peat

edly

shed

and

cove

red

with

oxal

icac

idso

lutio

nin

whi

chth

elu

bilit

yw

asto

bede

term

ined

,an

dst

irre

dfo

r10

15

h.T

his

rrin

gtim

ew

asta

ken

assu

ffici

ent

tore

ach

equi

libri

um,

byal

ogy

toa

sim

ilar

stud

yof

La~

III!

oxal

ate.

1T

opr

epar

epl

esfo

r22

7 Ac

coun

ting

~em

anat

ion

met

hod!

,ce

ntri

fugi

ngel

fw

asno

tsu

ffici

ent

sinc

ea

film

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3re

mai

ned

the

supe

rnat

ant

surf

ace.

The

sam

ples

wer

eta

ken

thro

ugh

api

llary

fille

dw

ithfin

egl

ass

fiber

byus

ing

am

icro

pum

p,in

to1

ml

1m

oldm

23

HN

O3

afte

rw

hich

the

pipe

ttew

asw

ashe

dse

vera

ltim

esw

ithth

isso

lutio

n.

Sour

cean

dpu

rity

of22

7 Ac

prep

arat

ion

and

ofch

emic

als

used

not

spec

ified

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

n6

1K

~aut

hors

!So

lubi

lity:

Insu

ffici

ent

data

give

nto

allo

wfo

rer

ror

estim

ate

Ref

eren

ces:

1 R.V

.Bry

zgal

ova

and

N.V

.Che

rnits

kaya

,Rad

iokh

imiy

a3,

478

~196

1!.


. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2001

3.T

he

So

lub

ility

of

Act

iniu

mC

om

po

un

ds

3.1.

Act

iniu

mO

xala

te

Com

pone

nts:

Ori

gina

lM

easu

rem

ents

:

~1!

Dia

ctin

ium

tris

~oxa

late

!;A

c 2~C

2O4!

3;@7

264-

35-9

#~2

!W

ater

,H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

D.

M.

Ziv

and

I.A

.Sh

esta

kova

,R

adio

khim

iya

7,16

6

75~1

965!

.

Var

iabl

es:

Pre

pare

dby

:

T/K

:294

J.H

ala

and

J.D

.N

avra

til

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Solu

bilit

yat

21C

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3in

wat

era

Met

hod

Ac3

1a

~mg

dm2

3 !A

c31

b

106

mol

dm2

3A

c 2~C

2O4!

3

(106

c 1/m

oldm

23 !

1027

Ksp0

c

~mol

5dm

215

!10

27K

sp0d

~mol

5dm

215

!

Mic

ro0.

863.

861.

902.

702.

67

Ultr

amic

ro1.

56.

63.

342

.04.

22

Ultr

amic

ro1.

77.

53.

780

.07.

69

a The

com

posi

tion

ofth

eeq

uilib

rium

solid

phas

esw

asno

tre

port

ed.

b The

auth

ors

did

not

com

men

ton

the

diff

eren

ces

inre

sults

obta

ined

byth

etw

om

etho

dsus

ed.

c Cal

cula

ted

byth

eau

thor

sas

Ksp0

5@A

c31

#2@C

2O422

#3.

Inso

lutio

nsof

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3

inw

ater

the

auth

ors

assu

med

the

C2O

422co

ncen

trat

ion

tobe

equa

lto

thre

etim

esth

eex

peri

men

tally

foun

dco

ncen

trat

ion

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3,an

dg

65

1.0.

d Cal

cula

ted

byco

mpi

ler

acco

rdin

gto

the

proc

edur

eou

tline

din

foot

note

,c.

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

Met

hod

App

arat

usP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

Tw

ova

riat

ions

ofth

eis

othe

rmal

met

hod

wer

eus

ed.

For

ultr

amic

rosc

ale

mea

sure

men

ts,

30m

g~;

2m

Ci!

of22

7 Ac

was

diss

olve

din

0.01

ml

1.5

mol

dm2

3H

NO

3an

dpr

ecip

itate

dw

ith0.

25m

oldm

23

~NH

4!2C

2O4

ina

wor

king

cone

~vol

ume

of10

30

ml!

unde

ra

mic

rosc

ope.

Aft

er1

hof

stan

ding

the

prec

ipita

tew

asce

ntri

fuge

d,m

othe

rliq

uor

rem

oved

,re

peat

edly

was

hed,

cove

red

with

H2O

,an

dst

irre

dfo

r10

15

hin

ave

ssel

fille

dw

ithw

ater

orgl

ycer

ine

into

whi

chan

ultr

athe

rmoc

oupl

ew

aslo

wer

edto

mon

itor

the

tem

pera

ture

.T

his

stir

ring

time

was

assu

med

tobe

suffi

cien

tto

reac

heq

uilib

rium

,by

anal

ogy

toa

sim

ilar

stud

yof

La~

III!

oxal

ate,

1an

dal

sow

assu

itabl

efr

omth

epo

int

ofvi

ewof

radi

olys

isef

fect

s~f

oreq

uilib

ratio

ntim

es

Sour

cean

dpu

rity

of22

7 Ac

prep

arat

ion

and

ofch

emic

als

used

not

spec

ified

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

n6

1K

~aut

hors

!So

lubi

lity:

insu

ffici

ent

data

give

nto

allo

wfo

rer

ror

estim

ate

Ref

eren

ces:

1 R.V

.Bry

zgal

ova

and

N.V

.Che

rnits

kaya

,Rad

iokh

imiy

a3,

478

~196

1!.

Co

~1!

~2!

~3!

Va

T/

c 2 (c a T b C K c T w M Iso

pre

~N wa

so sti

an sam

its on ca

J

onth

esu

pern

atan

tsu

rfac

e.T

hesa

mpl

esw

ere

take

nth

roug

ha

capi

llary

fille

dw

ithfin

egl

ass

fiber

byus

ing

am

icro

pum

p,in

to1

ml

1m

oldm

23 H

NO

3af

ter

whi

chth

epi

pette

was

was

hed

seve

ral

times

with

this

solu

tion.

~196

1!.

mpo

nent

s:O

rigi

nal

Mea

sure

men

ts:

Dia

ctin

ium

tris

~oxa

late

!;A

c 2~C

2O4!

3;@7

264-

35-9

#O

xalic

acid

;C

2H2O

4;@1

44-6

2-7#

Nitr

icac

id;

HN

O3;

@769

7-37

-2#

Wat

er;

H2O

;@7

732-

18-5

#

M.

L.

Salu

tsky

and

H.

W.

Kir

by,

Ana

l.C

hem

.28

,17

80

2~1

956!

.

riab

les:

Pre

pare

dby

:

/mol

dm2

3 :0.

25/m

oldm

23 :

0.1

J.H

ala

and

J.D

.N

avra

til

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

om

easu

rem

ents

wer

em

ade

atan

unsp

ecifi

edro

omte

mpe

ratu

re.

The

two

valu

esof

actin

ium

conc

entr

atio

nin

solu

tion

of0.

25l

dm2

3ox

alic

acid

and

appr

oxim

atel

y0.

1m

oldm

23

HN

O3

(pH

51.

2)sa

tura

ted

with

actin

ium

oxal

ate

wer

e0.

0149

and

0.01

58m

g/m

l.T

hese

wer

ere

calc

ulat

edby

the

com

pile

rsto

the

solu

bilit

yof

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3

as0.

0179

and

0.01

90m

gA

c 2~C

2O4!

3/m

lor

3.28

102

5an

d3.

483

102

5m

oldm

23 .

The

aver

age

solu

bilit

yis

then

c 15

3.43

102

5m

oldm

23 .

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

etho

dA

ppar

atusP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

eso

lubi

lity

data

wer

eob

tain

edfr

omth

em

ass

bala

nce

ring

the

prep

arat

ive

wor

kon

carr

ier

free

prec

ipita

tion

ofcr

ocon

cent

ratio

ns~7

mg

or0.

5m

Ci/m

L!

of22

7 Ac.

Aft

ero

prec

ipita

tions

with

dim

ethy

loxa

late

,ac

tiniu

mox

alat

ew

asrr

edat

60

70C

for

30m

in,

then

for

anad

ditio

nal

90m

inan

unsp

ecifi

edro

omte

mpe

ratu

re,

and

filte

red.

The

filtr

ates

rean

alyz

edra

dioc

hem

ical

lyfo

r22

7 Ac.

122

7 Th

was

rem

oved

doub

leth

oriu

mio

date

prec

ipita

tion,

then

223 R

aw

asov

edby

doub

lepr

ecip

itatio

nof

Ba~

NO

3!2

in80

%H

NO

3.iq

uots

ofth

eso

lutio

nco

ntai

ning

the

fres

hly

puri

fied

tiniu

mw

ere

mou

nted

onst

ainl

ess

stee

ldi

sks

and

a-c

ount

ed1

day

orm

ore

afte

rpu

rific

atio

n.T

heco

unts

wer

eco

rrec

ted

the

grow

thof

the

actin

ium

deca

ypr

oduc

ts.

Mac

roco

ncen

trat

ions

of22

7 Ac

wer

epr

epar

edby

neut

ron

irra

diat

ion

ofra

dium

.Fro

mth

eac

tiniu

mfr

actio

nob

tain

edby

ion

exch

ange

onD

owex

50re

sin,

actin

ium

oxal

ate

was

prep

ared

bydo

uble

hom

ogen

eous

prec

ipita

tion

with

dim

ethy

loxa

late

at60

70

C.

Dim

ethy

loxa

late

was

recr

ysta

llize

dfr

omm

etha

nol.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:So

lubi

lity:

insu

ffici

ent

data

give

nto

allo

wfo

rer

ror

estim

ate.

Ref

eren

ces:

1 H.

W.

Kir

by,

U.S

.A.E

.C.

Rep

ort

ML

M-7

73,

1952

.

540540 JIRI HALA

Com

pone

nts:

Ori

gina

lM

easu

rem

ents

:

~1!

Dia

ctin

ium

tris

~oxa

late

!;A

c 2~C

2O4!

3;@7

264-

35-9

#~2

!N

itric

acid

;H

NO

3;

@769

7-37

-2#

~3!

Wat

er;

H2O

;@7

732-

18-5

#

D.

M.

Ziv

and

I.A

.Sh

esta

kova

,R

adio

khim

iya

7,16

6

75~1

965!

.

Var

iabl

es:

Pre

pare

dby

:

T/K

:294

J.H

ala

and

J.D

.N

avra

til

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Four

mea

sure

men

tsfo

rth

eso

lubi

lity

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3in

0.01

mol

dm2

3H

NO

3at

21C

a

Ac3

1

~mg

dm2

3 !A

c31

(104

mol

dm2

3 !A

c 2~C

2O4!

3

(105

c 1/m

oldm

23 )

Ksp

d

(102

6m

ol5

dm2

15!

C2O

422

(106

mol

dm2

3 )K

sp0e

(102

7m

ol5

dm2

15!

41.0

b1.

89.

014

.81.

667.

5

40.0

c1.

768.

813

.21.

626.

7

34.0

c1.

507.

54.

21.

232.

1

30.0

c1.

36.

52.

961.

21.

5

a The

com

posi

tion

ofth

eeq

uilib

rium

solid

phas

esw

asno

tre

port

ed.

b pH

51.

85.

c pH

52.

00.

d Cal

cula

ted

byau

thor

sas

Ksp

5@A

c31

#2@C

2O422

#3.

Tot

alox

alat

eco

ncen

trat

ion

inth

esa

tura

ted

solu

tions

was

assu

med

tobe

equa

lto

thre

etim

esth

eex

peri

men

tally

foun

dco

ncen

trat

ion

ofA

c 2~C

2O4!

3.T

heeq

uilib

rium

conc

entr

atio

nof

C2O

422w

asth

enca

lcul

ated

byus

ing

the

diss

ocia

tion

cons

tant

sof

oxal

icac

id,

Ka1

55.

9310

22

mol

dm2

3an

dK

a25

6.43

102

5m

oldm

23

~sou

rce

not

repo

rted

!,an

dth

eex

peri

-m

enta

llyde

term

ined

pH.

e Cal

cula

ted

byth

eau

thor

sby

taki

ngg

65

0.55

asth

em

ean

ioni

cac

tivity

coef

ficie

ntof

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3.

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

Met

hod

App

arat

usP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

Isot

herm

alm

etho

don

mic

rosc

ale

was

used

.A

c 2~C

2O4!

3w

aspr

ecip

itate

dfr

omH

NO

3so

lutio

nw

ithsa

tura

ted

solu

tion

of~N

H4!

2C2O

4.T

hepr

ecip

itate

was

cent

rifu

ged

and

repe

ated

lyw

ashe

dan

dco

vere

dw

ithox

alic

acid

solu

tion

inw

hich

the

solu

bilit

yw

asto

bede

term

ined

,an

dst

irre

dfo

r10

15

h.T

his

stir

ring

time

was

take

nas

suffi

cien

tto

reac

heq

uilib

rium

,by

anal

ogy

toa

sim

ilar

stud

yof

La~

III!

oxal

ate.

1T

opr

epar

esa

mpl

esfo

r22

7 Ac

coun

ting

~em

anat

ion

met

hod!

,ce

ntri

fugi

ngits

elf

was

not

suffi

cien

tsi

nce

afil

mof

Ac 2

~C2O

4!3

rem

aine

d

Sour

cean

dpu

rity

of22

7 Ac

prep

arat

ion

and

ofch

emic

als

used

not

spec

ified

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

n6

1K

~aut

hors

!So

lubi

lity:

insu

ffici

ent

data

give

nto

allo

wfo

rer

ror

estim

ate.

Ref

eren

ces:

1 R.V

.Bry

zgal

ova

and

N.V

.Che

rnits

kaya

,Rad

iokh

imiy

a3,

478

Co

~1!

~2!

~3!

~4!

Va

c 2 c 3 Tw

mo

Ac

3 M Th

du ma

tw sti

at we

by rem

Al

ac for

for


puri

tyw

asch

ecke

dby

mea

suri

ngits

half

-lif

ean

dm

axim

umbe

taen

ergy

.T

h~N

O3!

4w

aspu

rifie

dfr

ombe

taac

tive

deca

ypr

oduc

tsof

ThB

byco

prec

ipita

tion

with

lead

sulfi

de.S

ourc

eof

mat

eria

lsus

edno

tsp

ecifi

ed.

NaC

lO4

was

ach

emic

ally

pure

prod

uct,

and

was

recr

ysta

llize

dfr

omw

ater

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

n6

0.05

K~a

utho

rs!

Solu

bilit

y:pr

ecis

ion

ofth

era

diom

etri

cm

etho

d6

~2

3%!

~aut

hors

!.

Ref

eren

ces:

1 G.

T.

Seab

org,

Edi

tor,

The

Act

inid

es~R

ussi

antr

ansl

atio

n!~I

nizd

at,

Mos

cow

,19

95!,

p.45

4.2 T

.So

llman

nan

dE

.D

.B

row

n,A

m.

J.Ph

ys.

18,

427

~190

7!.

mpo

nent

s:O

rigi

nal

Mea

sure

men

ts:

Tho

rium

oxoc

arbo

nate

;T

hOC

O3;

@#

Sodi

umca

rbon

ate;

Na 2

CO

3;@4

97-1

9-8#

Sodi

umpe

rchl

orat

e;N

aClO

4;@7

601-

89-0

#W

ater

;H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

O.

I.Z

akha

rov

and

G.

G.

Mik

hailo

v,Iz

v.V

UZ

Khi

m.

Khi

m.

Tek

hnol

.3,

No.

1,45

8

~196

0!.

riab

les:

Pre

pare

dby

:

K:

293

/mol

dm2

3 :0

0.

97at

cons

tant

ioni

cst

reng

thof

3.00

ldm

23

J.H

ala

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Solu

bilit

yat

20C

ofT

hOC

O3

inN

a 2C

O3

NaC

lO4

solu

tions

a

Na 2

CO

3

2/m

oldm

23 )

Th

~Mg

L2

1 !T

hOC

O3

(102

mol

dm2

3 )b

Solid

phas

ec

025

.30.

0109

ThO

CO

38H

2O,

@#

0.00

760

.20.

0259

-

0.01

424

20.

1043

Th:

CO

251.

0:1.

5

0.02

358

50.

252

Th:

CO

251.

0:1.

8

0.03

110

000.

431

Th:

CO

251.

0:1.

99

0.04

415

600.

672

Th:

CO

251.

0:2.

16

0.07

725

601.

10-

0.09

128

101.

21-

0.14

638

001.

64d

0.16

147

302.

04d

0.19

151

502.

22d

0.20

957

702.

49d

0.27

266

602.

87d

0.37

583

703.

61d

0.41

591

203.

93d

0.54

1055

04.

55d

0.74

1120

04.

83d

0.97

1317

05.

68d

nic

stre

ngth

kept

cons

tant

at3.

00m

oldm

23

byus

ing

NaC

lO4.

alcu

late

dby

com

pile

r.c R

esul

tsba

sed

ontw

oor

thre

ean

alys

esin

each

mea

sure

men

t.d T

heso

lidph

ase

show

edth

eN

a:T

h:C

O3

:H2O

ratio

of6:

1:5:

12.

The

auth

ors

sugg

este

dth

ree

poss

ible

form

ulas

for

it,i.e

.,N

a 6T

h~C

O3!

512

H2O

,N

a 4T

h~C

O3!

4N

a 2C

O3

12H

2O,

and

Na 2

Th~

CO

3!3

2Na 2

CO

312

H2O

.O

fth

ese

they

pref

erre

dth

ela

ston

ew

ithco

ordi

natio

nnu

mbe

rof

6fo

rth

oriu

m~I

V!.

Sinc

eth

eT

h~C

O3!

562io

nis

aw

ell

esta

blis

hed

spec

ies,

3th

eco

mpi

ler

tent

ativ

ely

sugg

ests

the

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5

12H

2O@1

2386

-47-

9#as

am

ore

prob

able

solid

phas

e.



4.T

he

So

lub

ility

of

Th

ori

um

Co

mp

ou

nd

s

4.1.

Th

ori

um

Oxo

carb

on

ate

Com

pone

nts:

Ori

gina

lM

easu

rem

ents

:

~1!

Tho

rium

oxoc

arbo

nate

;T

hOC

O3

;@

#~2

!So

dium

perc

hlor

ate;

NaC

lO4

;@7

601-

89-0

#~3

!W

ater

;H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

O.

I.Z

akha

rov

and

G.

G.

Mik

hailo

v,Iz

v.V

UZ

Khi

m.

Khi

m.

Tek

hnol

.3,

No.

1,45

8

~196

0!.

Var

iabl

es:

Pre

pare

dby

:

T/K

:29

3c 2

/mol

dm2

3 :0

and

3J.

Hal

a

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Solu

bilit

yat

20C

ofT

hOC

O3

inw

ater

and

3.0

mol

dm2

3N

aClO

4

NaC

lO4

(c2

/mol

dm2

3 )T

hOC

O3

~mg

L2

1 !T

hOC

O3

(105

c 1/m

oldm

23 )

NaC

lO4

(c2

/mol

dm2

3 )T

hOC

O3

~mg

L2

1 !T

hOC

O3

(105

c 1/m

oldm

23 )

022

.13.

000

25.9

23.0

23.6

21.2

25.3

22.1

61.

1a7.

17b

24.9

61.

2a8.

08

a Ave

rage

valu

e~a

utho

rs!.

b Cal

cula

ted

byco

mpi

ler

for

the

aver

age

valu

e.

Add

ition

alin

form

atio

n:So

lubi

lity

prod

uct

ofT

hOC

O3

was

calc

ulat

edby

the

auth

ors

asK

sp05

@ThO

21#@

CO

322#5

93

102

9m

ol2

dm2

6as

sum

ing

unit

activ

ityco

effic

ient

s.So

lidph

ases

wer

eno

tin

vest

igat

edbu

tba

sed

onm

easu

rem

ents

inth

eT

hOC

O3

Na 2

CO

3

NaC

lO4

H2O

syst

emin

the

sam

edo

cum

ent,

com

pile

ras

sum

esth

isto

beT

hOC

O3

8H2O

,@

#.

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

Met

hod

App

arat

usP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

Isot

herm

alm

etho

dus

ed.

Exc

ess

solid

was

equi

libra

ted

for

3

10h

ina

ther

mos

tat.

Fres

hly

prep

ared

solid

was

used

sinc

eth

eso

lubi

lity

ofT

hOC

O3

was

foun

dto

beso

mew

hat

depe

nden

ton

the

age

ofth

epr

oduc

t.Sa

tura

ted

solu

tions

wer

ean

alyz

edra

diom

etri

cally

for

thor

ium

.

ThO

CO

38H

2Ow

aspr

epar

edby

prec

ipita

tion

ofT

h~N

O3!

4

solu

tion

labe

led

with

UX

1~2

34T

h!,

with

aneq

uiva

lent

amou

ntof

Na 2

CO

3so

lutio

n.1

The

prec

ipita

tew

asw

ashe

dw

ithw

ater

and

air

drie

d.A

naly

sis

~mas

s%

!:fo

und

57.5

ThO

2,10

.4C

O2,

32.4

H2O

,ca

lcul

ated

for

octa

hydr

ate

~com

pile

r!58

.39

ThO

2,9.

73C

O2,

31.8

7H

2O.

UX

1w

aspr

epar

edfr

omag

edur

aniu

msa

ltsac

cord

ing

toSo

llman

nan

dB

row

n,2

and

itsra

dioc

hem

ical

Co

~1!

~2!

~3!

~4!

Va

T/

c 2 mo

(c a Io

b C

J

4.2.

Sal

tso

fP

enta

kis

carb

on

ato

Th

ora

te6-

Eva

luat

ion

of

the

Na 6

ThC

O3

5N

a 2C

O3

H2O

Sys

tem

mpo

nent

s:E

valu

ator

:

Hex

asod

ium

pent

akis

~car

bona

to!t

hora

te;

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5;

610-

62-9

#So

dium

carb

onat

e;N

a 2C

O3;

@497

-19-

8#W

ater

;H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

J.H

ala,

Dep

artm

ent

ofIn

orga

nic

Che

mis

try

Mas

aryk

Uni

vers

ity,6

1137

Brn

o,C

zech

Rep

ublic

,Fe

brua

ry20

00

Cri

tica

lE

valu

atio

nT

heso

lubi

lity

inth

issy

stem

was

repo

rted

intw

odo

cum

ents

.1,2

Con

side

rabl

edi

scre

panc

ies

betw

een

the

two

sets

ofda

ta,

exce

edin

gse

whi

chco

uld

bedu

eto

diff

eren

tco

nditi

ons

~i.e

.,io

nic

stre

ngth

,ra

nge

ofN

a 2C

O3

conc

entr

atio

n!us

ed,

are

obvi

ous.

Luz

hnay

aan

dva

leva

1re

port

edth

eso

lubi

lity

at29

8.15

Kof

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5

asa

func

tion

ofso

dium

carb

onat

eco

ncen

trat

ion

abov

e0.

78m

oldm

23

2CO

3.In

this

conc

entr

atio

nra

nge,

the

solu

bilit

yof

the

salt

was

repo

rted

tode

crea

sew

ithin

crea

sing

Na 2

CO

3co

ncen

trat

ion

~the

auth

ors

reun

able

tom

easu

reth

eso

lubi

lity

atlo

wer

Na 2

CO

3co

ncen

trat

ions

beca

use

ofhy

drol

ysis

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5!.

On

the

cont

rary

,D

ervi

nd

Fauc

herr

e2re

port

edth

eso

lubi

lity

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5to

incr

ease

with

incr

easi

ngN

a 2C

O3

conc

entr

atio

nab

ove

0.4

mol

dm2

3N

a 2C

O3

dex

plai

ned

the

data

byth

efo

rmat

ion

ofth

eT

h~C

O3!

682io

nin

solu

tion.

At

Na 2

CO

3co

ncen

trat

ion

belo

w0.

4m

oldm

23

and

atio

nic

engt

hof

2.0

mol

dm2

3 ,th

eso

lubi

lity

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5w

asre

port

edto

bein

depe

nden

ton

Na 2

CO

3co

ncen

trat

ion.

Sinc

eth

ere

does

not

mto

bean

yob

viou

sre

ason

for

givi

ngpr

efer

ence

toon

ese

tof

data

over

the

othe

r,re

inve

stig

atio

nof

this

syst

emw

ould

bene

eded

fore

afin

alco

nclu

sion

abou

tth

eso

lubi

lity

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5in

aque

ous

Na 2

CO

3so

lutio

nsco

uld

bem

ade.

fere

nces

:

.P.

Luz

hnay

aan

dI.

S.K

oval

eva,

Zh.

Neo

rg.

Khi

m.

6,14

40~1

961!

.

Der

vin

and

J.Fa

uche

rre,

Bul

l.So

c.C

him

.Fr

ance

,29

30~1

973!

.

542542 JIRI HALA

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

Met

hod

App

arat

usP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

Isot

herm

alm

etho

dus

ed.

Exc

ess

solid

was

equi

libra

ted

for

3

10h

ina

ther

mos

tat.

Fres

hly

prep

ared

solid

was

used

sinc

eth

eso

lubi

lity

ofT

hOC

O3

was

foun

dto

beso

mew

hat

depe

nden

ton

the

age

ofth

epr

oduc

t.T

heso

lidw

aseq

uilib

rate

dw

ithN

aClO

4/N

a 2C

O3

solu

tions

atco

nsta

ntio

nic

stre

ngth

of3.

0m

oldm

23 .

Satu

rate

dso

lutio

nsw

ere

anal

yzed

for

thor

ium

eith

erra

diom

etri

cally

orgr

avim

etri

cally

,de

pend

ing

onth

oriu

mco

ncen

trat

ion,

and

for

carb

onat

etit

rim

etri

cally

usin

ga

stan

dard

HC

lso

lutio

n.So

lidph

ases

wer

ean

alyz

edfo

rw

ater

and

carb

ondi

oxid

egr

avim

etri

cally

duri

ngth

erm

alde

com

posi

tion,

and

inth

ere

sidu

eN

a 2C

O3

was

dete

rmin

edtit

rim

etri

cally

and

thor

ium

grav

imet

rica

lly.

ThO

CO

38H

2Ow

aspr

epar

edby

prec

ipita

tion

ofT

h~N

O3!

4

solu

tion

labe

led

with

UX

1~2

34T

h!,

with

aneq

uiva

lent

amou

ntof

Na 2

CO

3so

lutio

n.1

The

prec

ipita

tew

asw

ashe

dw

ithw

ater

and

air

drie

d.A

naly

sis

~mas

s%

!:fo

und

57.5

ThO

2,10

.4C

O2,

32.4

H2O

,ca

lcul

ated

for

octa

hydr

ate

~com

pile

r!58

.39

ThO

2,9.

73C

O2,

31.8

7H

2O.

UX

1w

aspr

epar

edfr

omag

edur

aniu

msa

ltsac

cord

ing

toSo

llman

nan

dB

row

n,2

and

itsra

dioc

hem

ical

puri

tyw

asch

ecke

dby

mea

suri

ngha

lf-l

ife

and

max

imum

beta

ener

gy.

Th~

NO

3!4

was

puri

fied

from

beta

activ

ede

cay

prod

ucts

ofT

hBby

copr

ecip

itatio

nw

ithle

adsu

lfide

.Sou

rce

ofm

ater

ials

used

not

spec

ified

.So

dium

salts

used

wer

ech

emic

ally

pure

prod

ucts

,an

dw

ere

recr

ysta

llize

dfr

omw

ater

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

n6

0.05

K~a

utho

rs!.

Rad

iom

etri

cm

etho

d:pr

ecis

ion

6~2

3!

%~a

utho

rs!.

Ref

eren

ces:

1 G.

T.

Seab

org,

Edi

tor,

The

Act

inid

es~R

ussi

antr

ansl

atio

n!~I

nizd

at,

Mos

cow

,19

95!,

p.45

4.2 T

.So

llman

nan

dE

.D

.B

row

n,A

m.

J.Ph

ys.

18,

427

~190

7!.

3 J.

Der

vin

and

J.Fa

uche

rre,

Bul

l.So

c.C

him

.Fr

ance

,29

30~1

973!

.

Co

~1!

@19

~2!

~3!

tho

Ko

Na

we

an an str

see

be Re

1 N 2 J.


Met

hod

App

arat

usP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

Isot

herm

alm

etho

dus

ed.

Mix

ture

sw

ere

equi

libra

ted

ina

ther

mos

tate

dba

thfo

r2

days

whi

chw

assu

ffici

ent

tore

ach

equi

libri

um.

Sam

ples

ofth

esa

tura

ted

solu

tions

and

the

solid

phas

esw

ere

anal

yzed

grav

imet

rica

llyfo

rth

oriu

m,

sodi

uman

dca

rbon

ate.

Tho

rium

was

dete

rmin

edas

ThO

2an

dso

dium

asN

a 2SO

4.T

ode

term

ine

carb

onat

e,th

esa

mpl

ew

asre

acte

dw

ithdi

lute

HC

lan

dth

eca

rbon

diox

ide

evol

ved

was

abso

rbed

ina

wei

ghed

Utu

befil

led

with

asca

rite

.So

lidph

ases

wer

eal

soch

arac

teri

zed

byth

em

etho

dof

wet

resi

dues

,x-

ray

diff

ract

ion

and

ther

mal

anal

ysis

.

Sour

ce,

puri

ty,

orm

etho

dof

prep

arat

ion

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5w

asno

tsp

ecifi

ed.

Na 2

CO

3w

aspr

epar

edfr

omre

agen

tgr

ade

deca

hydr

ate

~sou

rce

not

spec

ified

!by

heat

ing

itin

asi

lver

dish

.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

nno

tre

port

ed.

Solu

bilit

y:in

suffi

cien

tda

taw

ere

give

nto

allo

wfo

rer

ror

estim

ate.

mpo

nent

s:O

rigi

nal

Mea

sure

men

ts:

Hex

asod

ium

pent

akis

~car

bona

to!t

hora

te;

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5;

610-

62-9

#So

dium

carb

onat

e;N

a 2C

O3;

@497

-19-

8#or

Sodi

umdr

ogen

carb

onat

e;N

aHC

O3;

@144

-55-

8#W

ater

;H

2O;

@773

2-18

-5#

J.D

ervi

nan

dJ.

Fauc

herr

e,B

ull.

Soc.

Chi

m.F

ranc

ept

.1,2

930

3

~197

3!.

riab

les:

Pre

pare

dby

:

K:

298

/mol

dm2

3 :0.

15

1.0

~Na 2

CO

3or

NaH

CO

3!J.

Hal

a

Exp

erim

enta

lD

ata

Solu

bilit

ies

at25

Cof

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5

inaq

ueou

sso

lutio

nsof

Na 2

CO

3or

NaH

CO

3

CO

322or

HC

O32

(c2

/mol

dm2

3 )N

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5

~mol

dm2

3 !K

spd

~mol

7dm

221

!So

lidph

ase

O322

#,0,

4a,b

,e0.

0215

1.37

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5

12H

2O

CO

32#5

0.15

1.

0a,c

0.02

08f

1.34

not

repo

rted

olut

ions

cont

aine

dco

nsta

ntco

ncen

trat

ion

ofN

a1io

nsof

2.0

mol

dm2

3 .ol

utio

nsof

Na 2

CO

3.ol

utio

nsof

NaH

CO

3.

sp5

@Th~

CO

3!562

#@N

a1#6

.th

ighe

rca

rbon

ate

ion

conc

entr

atio

nth

eso

lubi

lity

ofN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

5in

crea

sed

~res

ults

wer

epr

esen

ted

ingr

aphi

calf

orm

only

!w

hich

was

terp

rete

dby

the

auth

ors

asbe

ing

due

toth

efo

rmat

ion

ofth

eT

h~C

O3!

682io

nin

the

satu

rate

dso

lutio

n.bt

aine

dby

auth

ors

asth

eav

erag

eof

eigh

tm

easu

rem

ents

.

Aux

iliar

yIn

form

atio

n

etho

dA

ppar

atusP

roce

dure

:So

urce

and

Pur

ity

ofM

ater

ials

:

ther

mal

met

hod

used

.E

xces

sso

lidw

aseq

uilib

rate

dfo

r48

ithN

a 2C

O3

orN

aHC

O3

solu

tions

ofco

nsta

ntN

a1io

nnc

entr

atio

nin

poly

ethy

lene

bottl

es.

The

salt

used

toin

tain

Na1

conc

entr

atio

nat

the

cons

tant

valu

ew

asno

tec

ified

.A

fter

equi

libra

tion,

thor

ium

was

dete

rmin

edin

the

urat

edso

lutio

nstit

rim

etri

cally

with

ED

TA

.T

heeq

uilib

rium

lidph

ases

wer

ean

alyz

edto

asce

rtai

nth

atth

eir

com

posi

tion

not

chan

gedu

ring

equi

libra

tion.

Na 6

Th~

CO

3!5

was

prep

ared

bycr

ysta

lliza

tion

from

1m

oldm

23

Th~

NO

3!4

onad

ditio

nof

Na 2

CO

3so

lutio

nac

cord

ing

toD

ervi

net

al.1

Com

pile

ras

sum

esth

atN

a 6T

h~C

O3!

512

H2O

was

prep

ared

.Sou

rce

and

puri

tyof

mat

eria

lsus

edw

ere

nots

peci

fied.

Est

imat

edE

rror

:T

empe

ratu

re:

prec

isio

nno

tre

port

ed.

Solu

bilit

y:in

suffi

cien

tda

tagi

ven

toal

low

for

erro

res

timat

e.

Ref

eren

ces:

1 J.

Der

vin,

J.Fa

uche

rre,

P.H

erpi

n,an

dS.

Vol

itois

,B

ull.

Soc.

Chi

m.

Fran

ce26

34~1

973!

.



Com

pone

nts:

Ori

gina

lM

easu

rem

ents

:

~1!

Hex

asod

ium

pent

akis

~car

bona

to!t

hora

te;

Documents

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 74. Actinide …nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd602.pdf · IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 74. Actinide Carbon Compounds Editor Jiri Ha´laa– Department