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8/3/2019 IUGF Final Presentation 26Nov AMIT
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High-growth Indian Market
Rising demand levels,
driven by economic growth Focus on clean energy andenvironmental concerns
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USA Land Gas Production New Technology
Increase Due to Unconventional Gas Plays
Horizontal Wells Fracturing Technologies
Halliburtons Proven Expertise in all Shale Plays
US Gas Productive Capacity
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
DryNaturalgasproduction,
bcfd
U.S. Dry Natural GasProduction (Bcfd)
12% Trend0% Trend
Source: DOE-EIA
US Gas Productive Capacity
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
DryNaturalgasproduction,
bcf
U.S. Dry Natural GasProduction (Bcfd)
12% Trend0% Trend
Source: DOE-EIA
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No Substitute for Experience
Shale Basins
Halliburton
Locations
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Halliburton Pumps 4,200 Stages per
month Unconventional Gas
Halliburton HPHT Experience since 2003
Stages Pumped below 15,000 14,275
Stages Pumped above 350F 1,719
Stages Pumped below 18,000 2,514
Stages Pumped above 400F 677
In the last 20 years, approximately 450
SPE papers written regarding
Unconventional Gas that have Halliburton
employees as authors / co- authors
Halliburton Expertise in Unconventional
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Gas Reservoir types
Shale Gas
NanoDarcy Range Dry Gas Wet Gas Mostly free gas some adsorbed gas
Complex Gas Retrograde Gas with High Dew Point MilliDarcy Range (Relatively low permeability ~1mD or less) Sandstone
CBM Flow mostly trough fractures (cleats) Adsorbed Dry Gas Coal
Tight Gas Micro Darcy Range Dry Gas Wet Gas Primarily Sandstone
Conventional Gas MilliDarcy Range (>1mD) Fluid type varies Rock type variesM
atrixP
ermeabilityIn
creases
Unconventiona
l
Conven
tional
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History of Shale Development:Reducing the learning curve
Quantify Construct Complete Analyze
Historically - a trial-and-error process
Data Acquisition
USA Analogue Fields to speed upEvaluation and Development
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Market has shifted to horizontal work
September 2009 Job Type Distribution(227 Total Stages)
Vertical Horizontal
July 2008 Job Type Distribution(199 Total Stages)
Ve rt ic al H or izo nt al
8215
July-08 Average Per Stage September-09
40 Rate (bpm) 75
4,500 Pressure (psi) 10,000
0.76 Frac Gradient (psi / ft) 0.97
250,000 Fluid Volume Pumped (gallons) 450,000
2,000 Proppant Pumped (sacks) 3,200
13,000 HHP on Location 36,000
12,000 HHP Hours 47,000
110%65%
180%335%
189
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Summary of Directional Drilling Experience
Barnett Bakken Fayetteville Woodford Haynesville MarcellusTotal
Shale
Total
Horizontal
# of Jobs 1,369 725 363 26 29 14 2,526 4,571
# of BHA's 7,131 4,555 1,186 246 219 68 13,405 25,332
Total Footage 9,345,676 7,652,356 1,475,930 155,877 129,611 62,370 18,821,820 30,790,774
Miles Directionally Drilled 1,770 1,449 280 30 25 12 3,566 5,832
Drilling Hours 240,170 213,304 31,869 9,916 9,142 2,372 506,773 845,534
Job-Days 21,353 17,536 3,533 737 1,008 225 44,392 80,867
Motor Runs 6,598 4,385 1,063 234 215 67 12,562 22,955
AGS Runs 30 1 1 0 0 0 32 164
US Shale Formations
Data since Q1 2009
# of Jobs
# of BHAs
Total Footage
Miles Directionally Drilled
Drilling Hours
Job-Days
Motor Runs
AGS Runs
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Shale Reservoirs
Ultra low perm (NanoDarcies, pore throat in the 3-12
angstroms range)Wide range of mineralogy
Natural fracture networks are important
Require stimulation
Individual to the shale reservoir
Most successful shale projects
Brittle shale, high TOC
High decline rates
They are all different and need tobe treated that way
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Critical Parameters to be Commercial in US(gas wells)
Gas-in-place (Bcf/mi2) : 1 is BAD, 50 is good, 150 is better
Gas Content (scf/Ton) : 10 is BAD, 50 is typical, 200 is great
Thermal Maturity (Ro) : 0.7 to 2.5+ range; 1.2 typical
Permeability : greater than 100 nanodarcies
Porosity : > 4%
TOC : >2% (1-3% is typical, 5-15% is exceptional
Water Saturation : 100 ft
Moderate Clay content : < 40%
Well bounded : i.e. good Frac barriers
Brittle Shale (Fracability) : i.e. low Poissons & high YM
Quartz
ClayCarbonate
Quartz
ClayCarbonate
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Unconventional Gas Key Areas ofUnderstanding
Understand the Reservoir, the formation potential, and flow mechanisms
Petrophysics, Geochemical and Geomechanics
Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT)
Design for Effective Fracture Length & Conductivity
Zone Selection and Perforating
Minimizing Gel & Fracture face damage
Enhance & Maintain the Frac Conductivity
Maximizing reservoir exposure by effective Hydraulic Fracture Placement
Frac Staging Techniques
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Shale Gas Development Workflow
Organic Shale Interval- Potential hydrocarbon
presence.
Review of data- Seismic
- Geological geochemical- Geomechanical data
Petrophysical- Mineralogy, , TOC,- RO, Brittle, k- Fluid typing.
Define data requirements
- Core, well log etc.
First pass field analogs
Workover candidate toidentify productionpotential
Evaluate Potential
(Shale Screening)
Evaluate Potential
(Shale Screening)
Drilling- Casing Program- Bit Selection- Mud Program- Trajectory- Sidetracking
- Data Acquisition
Hydraulic Fracturing- Completion
Perforation Strategy (Ifcased)
- Material Selection Fluids, Additives &Proppant
- Stimulation DesignJob Size, HHP,Logistics &EnvironmentalImpact
Evaluation- Production Potential- Frac Monitoring
Reservoir Extension
Estimated PrincipalStresses Directions
Identification of Natural
Fractures
Estimation of MechanicalProperties
Geochemical Properties
Petrophysical Properties
Estimated Mineralogy- Spectral Gamma Ray- Chemostratigraphy- Cores
DFIT Analysis
Determine Shale Analog
Shale Formation
Characterization
Shale Formation
Characterization
Lessons Learned / BestPractices
Well Placement- Reservoir drainage
Well architecture tomaximize production
- Vertical / high angle- Horizontal- Multilateral
Water Management
Logistics
PotentialExploitation
Program
Potential
Exploitation
Program
Data Validation
and Evaluation
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Can Control,Decision
State parameters Probabilities- Res. Complexity - Net Sand Thickness, and extend
- Permeability and Porosity - Stress Levels.
- Fracture Gradient. - Temperature
- Fluid Properties - Pressure
Decision variables Scenarios- Wellbore casing, tubing and wellhead configurations- Proppant Concentration (Schedule)
- Perforations (Density, Location and size)
- Type of Fluid. - Pumping Rate.
- Down-hole Equipment
- Horizontal vs. Vertical Wells
- Transverse vs. Longitudinal Fractures
Constraints
- Production capacities - Water handling- Fracturing Equipment - Well Location
- Capital Expenses - Logistics
UnderstandBut Cant
Control
Elements of a Shale Field Development Plan
C i f Sh l P i f K
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Comparison of Shale Properties of KnownAnalogues
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Maximum Production Starts withMaximum Insight
ShaleEval Core Analysis
Formation screening process
Fluid screening process
Fracture treatment screening process
Fracture evaluation and candidate selection process
Total Organic CarbonShale MaturityGas content
Matrix PermeabilityRock MechanicsX-Ray analysis
SEMImmersion Tests
Fluid SensitivityRock Strength
E l i Th i
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SPE 115258
ReservoirProperties
Lithology
ShaleType
Brittleor
Ductile?
FracEase
KerogenContentTOC
UnconfinedCompressiveStrength
HydrocarbonContent
Mineralology
NaturalFractures?
Evaluating The reservoirShaleLogService - Model Measure - Optimize
What is the TOC and gascontent?
Will it frac and whatis the relativefracture width?
What is the shalevolumetric gas in place?
What is the shaleporosity andpermeability?
Where are the zones of highest
kerogen content?
Where is the organic richshale?
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Shale Completion Strategy: Optimizing FractureTreatments
Based on Formation Brittleness (or Ductility)
Pi i S i l i
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Pinpoint StimulationUnconventional thinking for Unconventional Reservoirs
Benefits
Reduced Cycle Time to production
Speed and efficiency of Coiled Tubing
Reduced Cost
Increased Production
Improved Reservoir Recovery
Effectively treat EVERY zone of interest
Reduced costs associated with wireline perforating
Eliminate costs associated with screen outs
Halliburton has Done Pinpoint Stimulation Jobs in over 6,000 wells in 18 countries, over 20,000stages and over 600 jobs in shale throughout North America over 220 Utilizing Coiled Tubing
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Perfectly confined frac
We Know Everything About Our Fracs Except . . .
Out-of-zonegrowth
Twistingfractures
Poor fluiddiversion
T-shapedfractures
Horizontalfractures
Multiple fracturesdipping from vertical
Upward fracturegrowth
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Why Fracturing Mapping?
Measure frac geometry and azimuth
Evaluate frac complexity
Estimate SRV (Stimulated Reservoir Volume)
Horizontal well direction and length
Out-of-zone growth/risk of growth into water
Well placement and spacing
Whats the best completion and frac design?
New development (spend some $ up front to save $$$$by trial & error)
Microseismic is Changing the GameNE BC Shales
Bakken
Granite Wash
Devonian, Barnett,Woodford
Barnett
Woodford
Fayetteville
New Albany
Marcellus
WHERE DO WE WORK?
NAM MS FRACMAPPING PROJECTS
Two year data (~1800 fracs)
Pinnacle Microseismic job count by year
Founded in 1992
Leading fracture mapping organization
Multiple diagnostic technologies
Over 200 technical papers published
Two R & D 100 awards
Two Meritorious Engineering awards
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Contact in Unconventional Reservoirs Matters
Barnett Shale Longitudinal Gel Frac Versus High Rate Waterfrac (Refrac)
Increased SRV
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Easting (ft)
Northing(ft)
Observation Well 1
Observation Well 2
Perforations
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
West-East (ft)
South-North
(ft) Observation Well 1
Observation Well 2
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
West-East (ft)
Sou
th-North
(ft)
Observation Well 1
Observation Well 2
Perforations
SPE 95568 (Devon)
3 x SRV = 3 x Gas Rate
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CleanSuite Technologies
CleanStim Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid System
New fracturing fluid formulation made with ingredients
sourced from the food industry Applicable to Gelled fracs and Water fracs Excellent fracturing fluid performance Reduced Environmental Risk
CleanStreamService
ADP AdvancedDry Polymer
Blender
CleanStimFormulation
3-D Fracture
Mapping
CleanWaveWaterTreatment System
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Reducing Water Cost
On-site Treatment and Recycling
Custom service tailored to your needs
Individual Analysis and Consulting
90+ years of water treatment experience
CleanWave Water Treatment Process
It reduces your environmental footprint and conserves waterby enabling on-site recycling of:
Frac flow back water Produced water
Surface waters
Other non-potable water sources.
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CHALLENGE
RESULTS
Remote location in Utah
Significant delays in production Schedule
Single truck road 40 miles each way
Massive snow buildup in the winter
High total dissolved solids (TDS) water > 50,000 ppm
Successful seven month operation
55,000 barrels treated in under four days
1,000 truck loads, 5,000 hours of drive time eliminatedSignificant reduction in water mgmnt. cost savings
On location treatment eliminated frac schedule delays
Successful frac
SOLUTION
CleanWaveSM water treatment service
Halliburton slick water frac
HALLIBURTON Case History
Halliburtons Holistic Approach Creates Added
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Halliburton s Holistic Approach Creates AddedValue for Producers
DECLINEDEVELOPMENTDISCOVERY
Targeted
stimulation/ completion
Evaluate to maximize
economic value
Fit-for-purpose well
construction technology
Quantified reservoir
understanding
1
10
100
1,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Time (Days)
GasRate(Mscf/D)
10
100
1,000
10,000
OilRate(bbl/D
)
Gas Rate Sim
Gas Rate
Oil Rate
Oil rate Sim
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Productivity Enhancing Technologies
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Summary
A keen understanding of the reservoir,geology, geomechanics, etc. is required
The well must be placed to take advantage ofthe most productive reservoir characteristics
When planning your well stimulation, the wellmust be drilled & constructed to accommodate
the most rigorous anticipated treatingconditions
Construct and Perforate for Frac
The stimulation technique needs to be tailoredto the individual shale reservoir and shale type
Preplanning, interdisciplinary teamwork &close, open collaboration is essential
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Creating tomorrows standards, today
Elemental AnalysisMicroseismic &
Engineered Fractures
Pinpoint Stimulation
Thank You!