ITU International Satellite Communication …...Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 2 Space Radio Monitoring within the Bundesnetzagentur / Federal

ITU International Satellite Communication Symposium

Geneva, June 2016Klaus MECHER

BNetzA, Germany

[email protected]

ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 2Klaus MECHER

Space Radio Monitoring within the

Bundesnetzagentur / Federal Network Agency

1 Space Radio Monitoring Station at Leeheim

4 Service Centres withmobile TLS reference transmitters and for microwave measurements

4 Service Centres formicrowave measurements

Slide 3Klaus MECHER

Motivation for Space Radio Monitoring

Knowledge of the real spectrum usage is a precondition for an efficient spectrum management and for negotiations

Spectrum monitoring is an essential tool to provide this knowledge to frequency managers

Detection and elimination of interference

These considerations apply to all radio services and the whole radio spectrum

ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016

Slide 4Klaus MECHER

Tasks Monitoring of emissions for compliance

with national and international rules-verification of orbital and spectral parameters

Occupancy measurements- spectral and spatial elements- verification of operational parameters

Compatibility measurements

Search for interferers or for unauthorized users

Inspection of earth stations


Categories of interference

Interference caused by adjacent satellites Interference caused by terrestrial services Interference due to malfunction of

equipment Interference due to faulty operation Deliberate interference of a satellite

service Interference to the radio astronomy

service caused by satellites Interference to Earth exploration satellites

caused by terrestrial servicesITU Workshop Geneva 2013 Slide 5Klaus MECHER

ITU Workshop Geneva 2013Klaus MECHER

Space Radio Monitoring Stationat Leeheim

Bundesnetzagentur / Federal Network Agency

Germany

Slide 6

Slide 7Klaus MECHER

Leeheim a Central Location in Europe


Slide 8Klaus MECHER

67° W 83° E

Visible Geostationary Orbit: 67° W - 83° E


Slide 9Klaus MECHER

Leeheim Monitoring Station

SHF 2MBASHF 1

VHF/UHF

HGO

Omni

Klaus MECHER

Omnidirectional Antennas

High Gain Omni (HGO)

Conical Spiral Omni

Slide 11Klaus MECHER

HGO: Antenna Array (0.5 - 40 GHz)



Spectra Power Position Bandwidth Frequency

Standard Measurements


Measurements Below The Noise Floor

Carrier Analysis

High Gain Omni Antenna 2 Channel Realtime Recorder

Frequency Band Recorder

Geolocation Systems

Special Measurements



2 Channel Realtime Recorder

2 Channel RealTime Recorder Specs

Input frequency range (center frequency) 1 MHz - 140 MHz

Input bandwidth 36 MHz

Sampling rate per channel 5 MSps - 80 MSps

Frequency resolution (36 MHz bandwidth) 1 kHz - 100 kHz

Frequency resolution (smaller bandwidth) 60 Hz - 100 kHz

Number of spectral lines Up to 40 000

Digitizing Real-time, min. 16 Bit

Lossless digitizing of the signal, so that recorded signal can be demodulated / analyzed

Max record duration min. 10 h I/Q and PSD data

Hard disk array 32 TByte (16 TByte per channel)

Interference free dynamic range 75 dB

Channel decoupling 100 dB

Average Noise Level (input terminated) -160 dBm/Hz

Level accuracy 0,2 dB

Level resolution 0,1 dB


Out-Of-Band / In-Band Comparison


Out-Of-Band (averaging 128) In-Band (averaging 256)


Out-Of-Band / In-Band Comparison 2


Out-Of-Band: No averaging In-Band: No averaging


Klaus MECHERSlide 18

Interferer

interferedsatellite

neighbouringsatellite

Space Radio Monitoring

Station Leeheim

Transmitter

Location

System

Mobile Reference Transmitters



Locations of the Reference Transmitters in Germany



TLS Facilities DownLink Frequency Ranges

L/S-Band 1.5 - 2.3 GHzC-Band 3.4 - 4.2 GHz

X-Band 7.25 - 7.75 GHzKu-Band 10.7 - 12.75 GHz

Ka-Band 18.3 - 22.0 GHzNew: 1 – 40 GHz synthesized Block-DownConverter

3 Large Parabolic Dish AntennasDiameter of 7m, 8.5m and 12m

One Block-Downconverter for both channels (each antenna and frequency band)

Avoid frequency inaccuracy

Dual Satellites TLS-Measurement-SystemState of the art 4 channel L-Band input digitiser system

Single Satellite TLS-Measurement-System2 channel L-Band input digitiser system



Our Geolocation History 2005 Beginning of TLS Measurements

the first commercial geolocation measurement system

2007 Upgrade with 4 Reference TransmittersAvoiding problems with wrong reference station information'sMore flexible use of the EEC functionImprovement of the localisation accuracy

2011 Upgrade of the TLS system with new hard- and softwareUsing L-Band input and block downconvertersQuick-Start-Function and better handling, extended digitising and computing power for better and faster results.

2014 Upgrade result averaging and computing for more accurate results

2016 New TLS System for measurements with single satellite


Signal does not match with the interference signal

Slide 22Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016


Signal matches with the interference signal


Geolocation Experience Interference of TV-Signals

Wrong antenna alignment with small antennas Radar interferes into the satellite receiver

Localisation points spread up over big area but feasible VSAT

Large part of interferers – faulty functions of VSAT-Stations Sweeping Interferer

very difficult to measure and also time-consumingDisappears often during measurement and search

Interferer retransmit original signals with high powerVery difficult to measure

CW-Signal InterfererMultiple measurements over longer time and accumulation of frequency lines or using Single Satellite TLS



Geolocation Experience (cont.)

Deliberate Jamming on Commercial Satellites- The measurements for these emissions are the same as for interference cases. However, due to the nature of these emissions any co-operation cannot be assumed.- All locations in countries are far away. Time consuming to collect all the necessary information and parameter.

“Last Mile” Interferer Search- Closing in on transmitter on Earth surface in the vicinity of the localized point of interferer with vehicles and helicopters within GermanyDifficult and time consumingIn the near future the use of multicopter drones is planned



Reference Transmitter Measurement Campaign

Influence of the reference transmitter location on accuracy

How to improve the measurements Which measuring precision can be

achieved Which variables affect the measurements Improving our understanding



Campaign in 3 countries

Different geographic constellationsFrance - Germany: East - WestSpain - Germany: North-East - South-WestSwitzerland - Germany: North – South

Different distances to reference transmitters in GermanyDistance to nearest reference transmitter in GermanyFrance - Germany: 360 kmSpain - Germany: 1400 kmSwitzerland - Germany: 300 km



“Portable” Reference Transmitter


ITU Workshop Geneva 2013 Slide 29Klaus MECHER




16.3

146

km

3.2

82

km

Ref. Reims 435 km Ref. Leeheim 580 km



Conclusions of the Campaign

• Improvement by … Short distance Reference in line with satellites and target Selection of two satellite with non-

synchronous movement Choice of best time of day Ephemeris Error Correction (EEC) Accumulation by multiple measurements



Limitations of TLS Measurements (Dual Satellite Technique)

Large amount of powerful traffic on the adjacent satellite

Usable adjacent satellite not close enough(not enough power on adjacent sat.)

Not enough sidelobe power on the adjacent satellite (big interferer antenna)

High power retransmitting interferer Slow satellite movement


Single Satellite TLS Advantages

No adjacent satellite is required No satellite orbit data required Independent of the type of the interferer

signal structure No need to wait for the best time of the

day to get a useable constellation of the two satellites


Limitations of Single Sat. TLS

The location of the compared signal must be known or need to be found out

The interferer must be located in the vicinity of other satellite transmitters


Klaus MECHERSlide 37

Customers of Leeheim are...organisations or individuals, responsible for

frequency management spectrum engineering licensing conditions satellite system filing and frequency registration frequency co-ordination interference handling

who are under German jurisdiction, or, authorities who are members of the CEPT SatMoU, or,other authorities or operators on a comparable contractual basis or due to the ITU SatMoC.



The CEPT SatMoU

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Switzerland

The Netherlands

Spain

Luxembourg

What about your Country ?



Main objectives of the MoU

The SAT MoU provides the possibility for any Administration of the CEPT to access and undertake satellite monitoring activities under the conditions of the MoU.

To create a common understanding and provide a cooperation among the signatories for getting measurement results (Leeheim Station) for their own purpose.

To establish a procedure based on a non-profit making funding and a common management of satellite monitoring activities within the CEPT.


Klaus MECHER

Join in the CEPT SatMoU : http://www.cept.org/eco/groups/eco/sat-mou/client/introduction/

Slide 40ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016


Questions?


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ITU International Satellite Communication …...Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 2 Space Radio Monitoring within the Bundesnetzagentur / Federal