ITU activities related to ITU activities related to disaster management and disaster management and

early warningearly warningRichard HillRichard Hill

Counsellor, ITU-T Study Groups 2 and 3Counsellor, ITU-T Study Groups 2 and 3

CAP Implementers Workshop , Geneva, 9, 10 December 2008

OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction Radiocommunication SectorRadiocommunication Sector Telecommunication Standardization Telecommunication Standardization

SectorSector Telecommunication Development Telecommunication Development

SectorSector Future workFuture work ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

ITU ITU OverviewOverview

ITU

ITU-TTelecommunication standardization of

network and service aspects

ITU-RRadiocommunicationstandardization and

global radio spectrum management

ITU-D

Assisting implementation and operation of

telecommunications in developing countries

191 Member States+700 Sector Members

Helping the World Communicate

Role of ITU in TDR/ETS/EWSRole of ITU in TDR/ETS/EWS In five words, In five words, Committed to connecting the worldCommitted to connecting the world::

even more so in distress situations! even more so in distress situations! Long-time work on telecom for emergency Long-time work on telecom for emergency

situationssituations– Morse code …(it was a long time ago…)Morse code …(it was a long time ago…)

Three recent examplesThree recent examples– Tampere ConventionTampere Convention

to facilitate exchange of telecom equipment in to facilitate exchange of telecom equipment in disaster relief operationsdisaster relief operations

– WRC-07: allocated additional spectrum for WRC-07: allocated additional spectrum for radiocommunication systems involved in disaster radiocommunication systems involved in disaster prediction/detection and emergency communicationsprediction/detection and emergency communications

– Standardization work on call priority & alert message Standardization work on call priority & alert message deliverydelivery

Plenipotentiary Conference Resolution 136 Plenipotentiary Conference Resolution 136 – ““Use of telecommunications/ICTs for monitoring and Use of telecommunications/ICTs for monitoring and

management in emergency & disaster situations for early management in emergency & disaster situations for early warning, prevention, mitigation and reliefwarning, prevention, mitigation and relief ” ”

ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (1)ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (1) Prediction and detection - using radio-based Prediction and detection - using radio-based

remote sensing systemsremote sensing systems MitigationMitigation

– Damage assessment for planning relief operationsDamage assessment for planning relief operations– Spectrum managementSpectrum management– Establishment of globally/regionally harmonized Establishment of globally/regionally harmonized

frequency bandsfrequency bands– Application of terrestrial and space (satellite) Application of terrestrial and space (satellite)

radiocommunication servicesradiocommunication services– Global circulation of emergency equipmentGlobal circulation of emergency equipment– Support to emergency broadcasting, maritime and Support to emergency broadcasting, maritime and

public safety signalspublic safety signals All types of networksAll types of networks

ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (2)ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (2) PreparednessPreparedness

– Radio spectrum to be used for relief Radio spectrum to be used for relief operationsoperations

– Standards for public telecommunication Standards for public telecommunication servicesservices

International emergency for preference International emergency for preference scheme for disaster reliefscheme for disaster relief

Message broadcastMessage broadcast

– Global network securityGlobal network security– Interoperability of telecom networksInteroperability of telecom networks

ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (3)ITU’s role in Disaster Reduction (3) ResponseResponse

– Appropriate project management Appropriate project management techniquestechniques

– Legal and regulatory issues (Tampere + Legal and regulatory issues (Tampere + GSR)GSR)

– Universal access (early warning)Universal access (early warning)– Capacity building (preparedness)Capacity building (preparedness)– Relief (response)Relief (response)– ReconstructionReconstruction– Partnerships (e.g., INMARSAT, WMO, Partnerships (e.g., INMARSAT, WMO,

WGET, OCHA, IARU)WGET, OCHA, IARU)

Scenarios for emergency Scenarios for emergency communicationscommunications

Four communication scenarios:Four communication scenarios:– Citizen to citizenCitizen to citizen– Authority to authorityAuthority to authority– Authority to citizenAuthority to citizen– Citizen to authorityCitizen to authority

ITU has worked in scenarios 1, 2 and 3. ITU has worked in scenarios 1, 2 and 3. More work could be doneMore work could be done

Could work on scenario 4 (more relevant Could work on scenario 4 (more relevant to day-to-day emergency situations: fire, to day-to-day emergency situations: fire, police, call for medical assistance, etc)police, call for medical assistance, etc)

How the work progresses?How the work progresses? ITU’s work is contribution-driven: ITU’s work is contribution-driven:

contributions contributions progress progress

Governments, users (Governments, users (including including intergovernmental agencies and NGOsintergovernmental agencies and NGOs), ), manufacturers need to bring in proposals manufacturers need to bring in proposals to enhance the features of existing to enhance the features of existing systemssystems

Trend for initial focus to be on improving Trend for initial focus to be on improving what already exists, in order to be what already exists, in order to be implementable in a short time-frameimplementable in a short time-frame

RadiocommunicationsRadiocommunications

Disaster phases and Disaster phases and the radio services involvedthe radio services involved

Disaster prediction and detectionDisaster prediction and detection – – meteorological and Earth exploration meteorological and Earth exploration satellite servicessatellite services

Disaster alertingDisaster alerting – broadcasting, fixed, – broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite servicesmobile and related satellite services

Disaster reliefDisaster relief – Amateur, broadcasting, – Amateur, broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite servicesfixed, mobile and related satellite services

Disaster prediction and detectionDisaster prediction and detection

Meteorological and Earth exploration Meteorological and Earth exploration satellite servicessatellite services

Operated in the main by government and Operated in the main by government and international agenciesinternational agencies

Play a major role in prediction and Play a major role in prediction and detection of disasters (such as hurricanes, detection of disasters (such as hurricanes, earthquakes and tsunamis, floods, fires, earthquakes and tsunamis, floods, fires, dangerous pollution, etc.)dangerous pollution, etc.)

Disaster alertingDisaster alerting

Alert the central/regional/local authorities Alert the central/regional/local authorities responsible for warning the public – responsible for warning the public – broadcasting, fixed, mobile, fixed/mobile-broadcasting, fixed, mobile, fixed/mobile-satellite systemssatellite systems

Issue warnings to the people likely to be Issue warnings to the people likely to be affectedaffected– Broadcasting (sound and television)Broadcasting (sound and television)– Mobile (such as TV, Radio, SMS / Cell Mobile (such as TV, Radio, SMS / Cell

broadcasting)broadcasting)

Disaster reliefDisaster relief

AmateurAmateur – a long history of aiding with – a long history of aiding with communications during disasterscommunications during disasters

Earth exploration satellite Earth exploration satellite – damage – damage assessment and relief planningassessment and relief planning

Fixed/mobile satelliteFixed/mobile satellite - to rapidly restore - to rapidly restore communications capabilities, coordination communications capabilities, coordination of relief activitiesof relief activities

Fixed Fixed – transportable, higher capacity - – transportable, higher capacity - point-to-point and local area point-to-point and local area

Mobile Mobile – coordination of relief activities, – coordination of relief activities, both private and public systems used both private and public systems used

Resolution 64Resolution 6466 (WRC- (WRC-0303))RecommendRecommends s use use of of regionally harmonized bandsregionally harmonized bands ::

Region 1Region 1: 380-470 MHz as the frequency range : 380-470 MHz as the frequency range within which the band 380‑385/390‑395 MHz is a within which the band 380‑385/390‑395 MHz is a preferred core harmonized band for permanent preferred core harmonized band for permanent public protection activities within certain public protection activities within certain countries of Region 1;countries of Region 1;

Region 2Region 2: 746-806 MHz, 806-869 MHz, 4 940-: 746-806 MHz, 806-869 MHz, 4 940-4 990 MHz;4 990 MHz;

Region 3Region 3: 406.1-430 MHz, 440-470 MHz, 806-: 406.1-430 MHz, 440-470 MHz, 806-824/851-869 MHz, 4 940‑4 990 MHz and 5 850-824/851-869 MHz, 4 940‑4 990 MHz and 5 850-5 925 MHz.5 925 MHz.  

EEncouragencouragess administrations administrations to facilitate cross-to facilitate cross-border circulationborder circulation of radio equipment intended for of radio equipment intended for use in disaster relief situationsuse in disaster relief situations

ITU RegionsITU Regions

5-01

75°

60°

40°30°20°

0°

20°30°

40°

60°

75°

60°

40°

30°20°

0°

20°30°

40°

60°

170° 140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180°

170°

170°

140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° 170°

ABC

ABC

REGION 1

REGION 2

REGION 3 REGION 3

Resolution 647 (WRC-07)Resolution 647 (WRC-07)

Places emphasis on preparedness concerning Places emphasis on preparedness concerning spectrum needs in the phase immediately spectrum needs in the phase immediately after an emergency has started after an emergency has started

Encourages administrations to maintain Encourages administrations to maintain available frequencies for use in the very early available frequencies for use in the very early stages of humanitarian assistancestages of humanitarian assistance intervention intervention for disaster relieffor disaster relief

Instructs ITU-BR to assist Member States with Instructs ITU-BR to assist Member States with their emergency communication preparedness their emergency communication preparedness activities by establishing & maintaining a activities by establishing & maintaining a databasedatabase of currently available frequencies for of currently available frequencies for use in emergency situationsuse in emergency situations

Spectrum management guidelines for emergency Spectrum management guidelines for emergency and disaster relief radiocommunicationand disaster relief radiocommunication

NEW!NEW!

Assistance to ITU Member States with their Assistance to ITU Member States with their emergency radiocommunication emergency radiocommunication preparedness activitiespreparedness activities– E.g. listing of currently available frequencies for E.g. listing of currently available frequencies for

use in emergency situations for inclusion in a use in emergency situations for inclusion in a database maintained by BRdatabase maintained by BR

Assist other international organizations (e.g. Assist other international organizations (e.g. OCHA, WGET, IMO) with the development OCHA, WGET, IMO) with the development and dissemination of standard operating and dissemination of standard operating procedures for spectrum management in procedures for spectrum management in the event of disastersthe event of disasters

Use of radiocommunications in disaster Use of radiocommunications in disaster response and reliefresponse and relief

RA-07 Resolution ITU-R 53RA-07 Resolution ITU-R 53

It identifies areas that ITU-R Study Groups It identifies areas that ITU-R Study Groups could address in their studies/activities could address in their studies/activities and develop guidelines related to the and develop guidelines related to the management of radiocoms in disaster management of radiocoms in disaster prediction, detection, mitigation and reliefprediction, detection, mitigation and relief

This is to be done collaboratively within & This is to be done collaboratively within & outside ITU to avoid duplicationoutside ITU to avoid duplication

ITU studies of disaster prediction, detection, ITU studies of disaster prediction, detection, mitigation and reliefmitigation and relief

RA-07 Resolution ITU-R 55RA-07 Resolution ITU-R 55

Status of studiesStatus of studies (samples) (samples)

Early-warning systemsEarly-warning systems Recommendation ITU-R BORecommendation ITU-R BO.1774.1774

““Use of satellite and terrestrial broadcast Use of satellite and terrestrial broadcast infrastructures for public warning, disaster mitigation infrastructures for public warning, disaster mitigation and reliefand relief””

Recommendation ITU-R SRecommendation ITU-R S.1001.1001““Use of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the Use of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operationsfor warning and relief operations””

Global circulation of equipmentGlobal circulation of equipment Recommendation ITU-R MRecommendation ITU-R M.1637.1637

“Global cross-border circulation of “Global cross-border circulation of radiocommunication equipment in emergency and radiocommunication equipment in emergency and disaster relief situations”disaster relief situations”

Recommendation ITU-R MRecommendation ITU-R M.1579.1579 “Global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals”“Global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals”– Recognize Recognize the importance of the needs of the importance of the needs of

organizations dealing with disaster relieforganizations dealing with disaster relief

Status of studies – needs of future Status of studies – needs of future systemssystems

Report ITU-R MReport ITU-R M.2033.2033

““Radiocommunication objectives and Radiocommunication objectives and requirements for public protection and requirements for public protection and disaster relief (PPDR)”disaster relief (PPDR)”

Defines objectives and needs for the Defines objectives and needs for the implementation of future PPDR solutionsimplementation of future PPDR solutions

Focuses on operational needs around 2010Focuses on operational needs around 2010

Status of studies – Amateur Status of studies – Amateur involvementinvolvement

Recommendation ITU-R M.1042-Recommendation ITU-R M.1042-22

““Disaster communications in the amateur Disaster communications in the amateur and amateur-satellite services”and amateur-satellite services”

Encourages the development of robust, Encourages the development of robust, flexible and independent amateur service flexible and independent amateur service and amateur-satellite service networks, and amateur-satellite service networks, capable of providing communications capable of providing communications during disasters and relief operationsduring disasters and relief operations

Telecommunication Telecommunication StandardizationStandardization

ITU-T work on TDR/EW [1]ITU-T work on TDR/EW [1]All ITU-T Recommendations are now publicly All ITU-T Recommendations are now publicly accessible for free at:accessible for free at: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/publications/recs.html http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/publications/recs.html

Installation techniques for a sturdy outside plant Installation techniques for a sturdy outside plant (Handbook and L-series Recommendations)(Handbook and L-series Recommendations)

X.1303: Common altering protocol based on OASIS X.1303: Common altering protocol based on OASIS CAP v1.1CAP v1.1

E.106: Call preference scheme over the PSTNE.106: Call preference scheme over the PSTN– Support of E.106 in various ITU-defined systemsSupport of E.106 in various ITU-defined systems

E.107: Emergency telecommunications service E.107: Emergency telecommunications service (ETS) and interconnection framework for national (ETS) and interconnection framework for national implementationsimplementations

Discussion on extension of the preference scheme Discussion on extension of the preference scheme to packet technologies (IP in particular)to packet technologies (IP in particular)– Creation of work items in the technical committees Creation of work items in the technical committees

(“(“Study GroupsStudy Groups”)”)

ITU-T work on TDR/EW [2]ITU-T work on TDR/EW [2] Preference scheme defined for two families of IP-Preference scheme defined for two families of IP-

based systems standardized by ITU:based systems standardized by ITU:– H.323 Multimedia & VoIP (H.323 Multimedia & VoIP (ITU-T H.460.4 & H.460.14ITU-T H.460.4 & H.460.14))– IP-Cablecom (ITU-T J.260)IP-Cablecom (ITU-T J.260)

Overview of the basic requirements, features, and Overview of the basic requirements, features, and concepts for emergency telecoms for NGN (ITU-T concepts for emergency telecoms for NGN (ITU-T Y.1271)Y.1271)

Definition of a E.164 special country code for Definition of a E.164 special country code for emergency communications under the emergency communications under the responsibility of the UNresponsibility of the UN

Guidelines to select Emergency Number for public Guidelines to select Emergency Number for public telecommunications networks (E.161.1)telecommunications networks (E.161.1)

Action Plan for Standardization on TDR/EWAction Plan for Standardization on TDR/EW ITU Compendium on Emergency Communications: ITU Compendium on Emergency Communications:

Volume with all applicable ITU-T Volume with all applicable ITU-T RecommendationsRecommendations

Workshops: 2002 (ETS), 2006 (Public warning)Workshops: 2002 (ETS), 2006 (Public warning)

PCP-TDR *PCP-TDR * Coordination role:Coordination role:

– Monitor the progress ofMonitor the progress of technical standardization for technical standardization for telecommunications for disaster relieftelecommunications for disaster relief & & early warningearly warning

– Address Address coordination issuescoordination issues between the partners between the partners– Develop and maintain Develop and maintain contactcontact with entities not traditionally with entities not traditionally

involved in standards developmentinvolved in standards development– Promote the Promote the adoptionadoption of existing standards of existing standards

Participation open to all key players:Participation open to all key players:– standards development organizations, standards development organizations, – international telecommunication service providers, international telecommunication service providers, – related government departments, related government departments, – disaster relief organizations and disaster relief organizations and – other entities working in the fieldother entities working in the field

* * Partnership Coordination Panel on Telecommunication for Disaster Relief and MitigationPartnership Coordination Panel on Telecommunication for Disaster Relief and Mitigation

In Case of EmergencyIn Case of Emergency How to find out who to call if a How to find out who to call if a

person is injured or sick?person is injured or sick? If they have a mobile phone, look at If they have a mobile phone, look at

the contact list.the contact list. But there should be a multi-lingual But there should be a multi-lingual

way to see who to call.way to see who to call. Amendment 1 to ITU-T Rec. E.123 Amendment 1 to ITU-T Rec. E.123

provides this (approved Sep.2008).provides this (approved Sep.2008).

Contents of mobile handset Contents of mobile handset directory (example)directory (example)

Contact nameContact name Phone numberPhone number

01home01home +41 22 123 4567+41 22 123 4567

02husband02husband +41 79 123 4567+41 79 123 4567

Telecommunication Development Telecommunication Development SectorSector

OverviewOverview

Emergency telecommunications is an Emergency telecommunications is an integral part of BDT projects integrating integral part of BDT projects integrating telecommunications/information and telecommunications/information and communication technology in disaster communication technology in disaster predication, detection, and alerting.predication, detection, and alerting.

Four principles:Four principles:– Multi-hazardMulti-hazard– Multi-technologyMulti-technology– Multi-phased andMulti-phased and– Multi-stakeholderMulti-stakeholder

Key activities (1/2)Key activities (1/2) Assisting countries to formulate policy and draft Assisting countries to formulate policy and draft

appropriate laws and regulationsappropriate laws and regulations Designing National Emergency Designing National Emergency

Telecommunications Plans and formulating Telecommunications Plans and formulating Standard Operating Procedures that are now used Standard Operating Procedures that are now used by countriesby countries

Deploying of telecommunication resources such Deploying of telecommunication resources such as broadband satellite terminals for basic voice as broadband satellite terminals for basic voice communications and telemedicinecommunications and telemedicine

Training/capacity building for relevant institutionsTraining/capacity building for relevant institutions Formulation of climate change adaptation Formulation of climate change adaptation

strategiesstrategies Forging stakeholder partnerships as a form of Forging stakeholder partnerships as a form of

resource mobilization, etcresource mobilization, etc

Key Activities (2/2)Key Activities (2/2)

ICT Project management (Ensuring ICT Project management (Ensuring Disaster Resilience)Disaster Resilience)

Training and capacity building (Emergency Training and capacity building (Emergency Telecommunications)Telecommunications)

Development of manuals, handbooks, etc.Development of manuals, handbooks, etc. Telecommunications Infrastructure Telecommunications Infrastructure

ReconstructionReconstruction Develop Appropriate Regulatory Regime Develop Appropriate Regulatory Regime

(Licensing for Disaster etc)(Licensing for Disaster etc)

LinksLinks Global Forum on Effective Use of Global Forum on Effective Use of

Telecommunications / Telecommunications / ICT for Disaster Management: Saving Lives, ICT for Disaster Management: Saving Lives, Geneva, December 2007:Geneva, December 2007:http://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/events/global_forumhttp://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/events/global_forum

Emergency Telecoms Newslog:Emergency Telecoms Newslog:http://itu.int/ITU-D/emt/newsroomhttp://itu.int/ITU-D/emt/newsroom

Emergency Telecommunications Program Emergency Telecommunications Program main page:main page:http://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecomshttp://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms

Recent events where CAP was Recent events where CAP was discusseddiscussed

Training Workshop on Disaster Management Training Workshop on Disaster Management including the Integration of Emergency including the Integration of Emergency Telecommunications Plans into Disaster Telecommunications Plans into Disaster Management PlansManagement Plans(Kigali, Rwanda, 9-11 July 2008)(Kigali, Rwanda, 9-11 July 2008)

ITU Southern and Eastern Africa Workshop on the ITU Southern and Eastern Africa Workshop on the Use of Telecommunications/ICT for Disaster Use of Telecommunications/ICT for Disaster Management: Saving LivesManagement: Saving Lives(Lusaka, Zambia, 17–18 July 2008)(Lusaka, Zambia, 17–18 July 2008)

For more information, see:For more information, see:http://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/events.hthttp://itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/events.html ml

Future workFuture work

Ongoing Telecom Development workOngoing Telecom Development work

Provide expertise as required to plan Provide expertise as required to plan and deploy systems (including CAP)and deploy systems (including CAP)

Specific projectsSpecific projects Develop documentation, best Develop documentation, best

practices, etc.practices, etc. Training and capacity buildingTraining and capacity building

Ongoing standardization workOngoing standardization work Add-ons to existing system specifications:Add-ons to existing system specifications:

– System override for emergency message broadcast: System override for emergency message broadcast: audio, audiovisual, textaudio, audiovisual, text

– Extension of short text messaging to fixed telephones Extension of short text messaging to fixed telephones (circuit-switched and IP/soft-phones)(circuit-switched and IP/soft-phones)

– Definition of methods to address multiple languages and Definition of methods to address multiple languages and communication for persons with disabilities, in particular communication for persons with disabilities, in particular for IP-based systemsfor IP-based systems

Framework for interconnection of priority Framework for interconnection of priority schemes across the different systems (PSTN and schemes across the different systems (PSTN and different IP platforms, e.g. H.323, IP-Cablecom, different IP platforms, e.g. H.323, IP-Cablecom, SIP) and across proprietary/ privileged systemsSIP) and across proprietary/ privileged systems

Definition of pre-allocated “channel” number for Definition of pre-allocated “channel” number for 3G mobile cell broadcast use3G mobile cell broadcast use

ConclusionConclusion

ConclusionsConclusions ITU has historically played an important role in ITU has historically played an important role in

communications for disaster prevention and communications for disaster prevention and mitigationmitigation

Work already has been done in certain areas in the Work already has been done in certain areas in the radiocommunication and standardization sectors for radiocommunication and standardization sectors for existing systems as well as future systems (such as existing systems as well as future systems (such as NGN) … but much more can be done.NGN) … but much more can be done.– For the work to progress: study groups need to receive For the work to progress: study groups need to receive

proposals from the ITU members!proposals from the ITU members! For the way forward:For the way forward:

– Understand users requirementsUnderstand users requirements– Identify the regulatory framework Identify the regulatory framework – Develop a set of global and compatible StandardsDevelop a set of global and compatible Standards– Cost aspectsCost aspects– Evolutionary approachEvolutionary approach– Respect national sovereigntyRespect national sovereignty– Partnership between Member States, private sector, Partnership between Member States, private sector,

Government Agencies, and NGOsGovernment Agencies, and NGOs Participate! (next slide for web resources)Participate! (next slide for web resources)

Web resourcesWeb resources Main ITU emergency telecoms pageMain ITU emergency telecoms page

www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms ITU-D emergency telecommunications pageITU-D emergency telecommunications page

www.itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms www.itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms ITU-R emergency radiocommunications pageITU-R emergency radiocommunications page

http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=en http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=emergency&lang=en ITU-T emergency telecoms pageITU-T emergency telecoms page

www.itu.int/ITU-T/emergencytelecoms/www.itu.int/ITU-T/emergencytelecoms/ Partnership Coordination Panel on TDR/EW Partnership Coordination Panel on TDR/EW

www.itu.int/ITU-T/special-projects/pcptdr/www.itu.int/ITU-T/special-projects/pcptdr/ Radiocommunication Assembly 2007 ResolutionsRadiocommunication Assembly 2007 Resolutions

www.itu.int/publ/R-RES www.itu.int/publ/R-RES Tampere ConventionTampere Convention

http://www.reliefweb.int/telecoms/tampere/http://www.reliefweb.int/telecoms/tampere/ ISDR Platform for Promotion of EWISDR Platform for Promotion of EW

http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/ http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/

ITU-T RecommendationsITU-T Recommendations www.itu.int/ITU-T/publications/recs.htmlwww.itu.int/ITU-T/publications/recs.html New! Free online!New! Free online!

ITU-R RecommendationsITU-R Recommendations http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en

ITU-T Workshops ITU-T Workshops http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksemhttp://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem

Thank youThank you

Richard HillRichard HillCounsellor, ITU-T Study Groups 2 and 3Counsellor, ITU-T Study Groups 2 and 3richard.hill@itu.intrichard.hill@itu.int