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GEOGRAPHY AS A FIELD OF STUDY Physical and human geography are the two branches of study Spatial perspective is the unifying bond and is illustrated with maps Spatial analysis of patterns and processes
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HUMAN GEOGRAPHYITS NATURE AND PERSPECTIVES
GEOGRAPHY AS A FIELD OF STUDY• Physical and human geography are the
two branches of study•Spatial perspective is the unifying bond and is illustrated with maps
•Spatial analysis of patterns and processes
NOTABLE GEOGRAPHERS
• Herodotus – linked history and geography
•Aristotle – possible relationships between latitude, climate, and population density
•Eratosthenes – father of geography; calculated the circumference of Earth
NOTABLE GEOGRAPHERS
• Hipparchus – devised a grid system to map the curved surface of Earth
•Ptolemy – created first gazetteer & world’s first map; north at the top
NOTABLE GEOGRAPHERS• Carl Sauer – possibilism – human
activity is determined by choices that humans make rather than by physical environments
KEY CONCEPTS: SPACE
• Absolute Space – it exists in the aerial relations among phenomena on Earth’s surface
•Relative Space – is perceptual: it is socially produced and is subject to continual change
KEY CONCEPTS: PLACE• Refers to a location that has a
particular identity or value
•Value may vary depending on one’s perspective
KEY CONCEPTS: SCALE
• Refers to the size of the area studied
•Tutsis and Hutus in Rwanda cannot be examined just by looking at the country
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLSMaps
•PropertiesSize
ShapeDistance
Direction
•Latitude and Longitude
•TypesPhysical Political
Special Interest
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLSMaps•Demonstrate that all places on Earth have their own distinctive properties
•Geographers disaggregate data to analyze each component
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS• Interpretations
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLSRegion
•A part of Earth that displays internal homogeneity and is relatively distinct from surrounding areas
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLSRegionalization •A special kind of classification in which locations on Earth’s surface are assigned to various regions, which must be contiguous spatial units
Simplifying device = historical periodFormal regions = classifying large regionsFunctional regions = spatial analysisVernacular regions = human landscapes
SOURCES OF DATA
• Field research
•Census data•GIS
•ISS/Space Shuttle photography