Itinerari Travel 35 - parte1

8/6/2019 Itinerari Travel 35 - parte1

1/135


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6/135R 3 U

F S ] I \ H D I \

0 = G F \ \ I L H S F J GF? ? Z N D D G N S S

8 = ? C O H Q E N L H G \ H G

8 1 0 @ ^ J H Q F E H G\ I C H

8 > 0 D H C I \ \ I G \ H S C H

8 : = C ^ D D H \ I L H D D N F G L N

8 ? ? Q N D H _ I G P N \ \ H

1 8 < \ Q H I C F D D I

1 1 1 P H CH G[ N H D D H J F

1 3 0 O F \ N D J F ^Q E N \

1 > = S ^ D D N ] I S \ N

1 0 = B I L S C F Q G N Q

1 : = C H D F Q N @ H E ID I H Q N

1 ? < ] H Q H L IS I G H \ ^Q H D I

3 = 1 N C F & A I F

3 8 1 I G H J QI \ ^ Q IS E F

3 1 0 A N L & A Q N H B @ H S \

3 3 < C F ^ G \ Q Y D I @ N

3 < < H ] ] H Q \ H E N G \ I & C F

3 > 0 S] I QI \ F D I AN Q F

D H C F ] N Q \ I G H

\nh|qf li qfehg|icon cngn cfg pis|h s~ddh ahihli Gh}fdi$ dh |nqqh{{h lnd d~ss~fsf of|nd ChnshqH~j~s|~s li Ch}qi |qh i d~fjoi }i s~jjns|ipilnddisfdh h{{~qqh$ lhd c~i `hscigf qns|hqfgfs|qnjh|i ie}nqh|fqi n hq|is|i li |~||n dn n}fcon'CF^Q\NSY AY CHNSHQ H^J^S\^S

0=0=

S F E E H Q I F


7/135R < U

H \ H P F D H

3 0 0 ^ Q A H G H ] ]N \ I\ N3 : 0 S H ] F Q N L I E HQ N

3 9 1 E F G\ HJ G N L I A F G \

< = < C N G H @ ^ F Q I ] F Q \ H

< 8 0 F S \ N Q I N N \ Q H \ \ F Q I N

< 1 ? S F S \ N J F D F S N

< 3 ? P I H J J I L N D J ^ S \ F

< > 1 Z I G N N _ ]N Q IN G CN

= = C H S I G

> = 0 H \ ^ \ \ F S ] F Q \

> 8 < S P I H J J I H Q N

Q ^ A Q I C O N

: N L I \ F Q I H D N

8 = Q I \ Q H\ \ F I \ H DI H G F

> = I G H JN G L H

> 1 < I G G F L I \ H D I H

=>=

????11

S F E E H Q I F

I G ^ G C D I C B I|ignqhqi \qhpnd pi l h}}~g|heng|f s~d znacfg Di ` n h g l | q h p n d ' c f e$ id g~fpf }fq|hdn li |~qisef n di`ns|ydn }nq coi

pipn n pihjjih cfg s|idn' ]nqcfqsi |neh|ici gnddn }i anddn lns|igh{ifgii|hdihgn nl n~qf}nn$ ~g hjjifqgh|issief chdnglhqif li npng|i n id enjdiflnddfs}i|hdi|; eiddn s}~g|i n |hg|n ilnn s`i{ifsn lh cfjdinqn hd pfdf'


8/135


9/135


10/135R : U

I\IGNQHQI\QHPND I\HDIH

NLI[IFGI HPHG\ JHQLN s'q'd'

Liqn{ifgn$ Qnlh{ifgn n Heeigis|qh{ifgn;cfqsf lnd ]f}fdf$ ?8 388== \qnpisf

|nd' =>1? `h ==HGGI ^GI\Hgnd 1=88$ ~gI|hdih sfq|h lh ~gchdlnqfgn li |hg|n i|hdin$ ~gI|hdih ~giìch|h eh con cfg%snqph jndfsheng|n dn s~n lipnqsi| x~hdn `fg|n li qiccon{{h$gfg sfdf |~qis|ich eh hgcon n sf}qh||~||f s|fqich n c~d%

|~qhdn' N x~hdn eijdifq efeng|f }nq scf}qiqn dn anddn{{n lnddh ]ngisfdhsn gfg x~nddf ig c~i dh gh{ifgn s|nssh si qi` id |q~ccf ig fcchsifgn lnd8>= hggipnqshqif lndd^gi|6 S~i ahdcfgi spng|fdhgf dn ahglinqn$ i }qig%ci}hdi efg~eng|i n i si|i lig|nqnssn s|fqicf pngjfgf haanddi|i f qi%s|q~||~qh|i$ i e~sni fs}i|hgf efs|qn nl npng|i n id sng|ieng|f li cfn%sifgn n lilng|i| gh{ifghdn piaqh }nq df S|iphdn nshd|hglf id |qhli{if%ghdn s}iqi|f li hccfjding{h lnjdi i|hdihgi' Nccf id }nqco li ~g g~enqf

s}ncihdn lnlich|f }qf}qif hd enjdif lnddfs}i|hdi| |qicfdfqn$ g~enqflh cfddn{ifgn con gfg }f|nph gfg h}qiqsi cfg ~g qi|qh||f con$ `qh s|f%qih$ hq|n$ gh|~qh n c~cigh$ qnglnssn fehjjif$ qnjifgn }nq qnjifgn$ hd`hscigf ~gicf n }fdinlqicf lnd And ]hnsn' ^gh cndnaqh{ifgn con ilnhd%eng|n si ~giscn h x~nddn ~`ìcihdi$ dn c~i }qigci}hdi |h}}n sfgf qi}fq|h%|n gnd chdnglhqif con }qf}fgn i }i ie}fq|hg|i h}}~g|heng|i lnd 1=88$n h x~nddn }nq i 1= hggi li igli}nglng{h lnddh Qn}~aadich li Sdfpngih'^gfcchsifgn }nq pisi|hqn ig d~gjf n ig dhqjf id ]hnsn$ qh afqjoi n }ih{%{n$ e~sni n |nh|qi$ cfddi$ ehqi n efg|i$ ~g pihjjif lh h``qfg|hqn hd en%jdif cfg ~gh sofq| dis|con }qnsng|i$ cfg coihqn{{h n hcidi| li cfgs~d|h%{ifgn$ id |f} lnd ehln ig I|hdy; lhjdi hjqi|~qisei hjdi of|nd li d~ssf$ lhiqis|fqhg|i }d~qis|nddh|i hddn fs|nqin |i}icon$ lhi gnjf{i }i coic hddn af|%|njon hq|ijihgn$ }hsshglf }nq e~sni$ }hqcoi n d~fjoi dh c~i snl~{ifgnie}fgn ~gh pisi|h ig x~hdsihsi efeng|f lnddhggf$ h }qnsciglnqn lhhggipnqshqi f cndnaqh{ifgi' G id lnsilnqif lnddfehjjif |qicfdfqn qn%s|qigjn dh }hgfqheich li x~ns|f phlnenc~ehd sfdf |nqqi|fqif i|hdihgf;cfgsci con id anddf gfg cfgfscn cfgìgi$ }qf}fgihef hi gfs|qi dn||fqi~gh||ng|h sndn{ifgn li s|q~||~qn spi{{nqn$ sdfpngn n cqfh|n$ gh{ifgi picigncon lh sne}qn lihdfjhgf cfg id gfs|qf ]hnsn; ~gf``nq|h con cfe}dn%|h n hqqiccoiscn dh }qf}fs|h i|hdihgh$ c~fqn n hgieh li ~g g~enqf s}n%cihdn }nq dI|hdih n }nq |~||i cfdfqf con$ i|hdihgi n gfg$ hehgf pipnqn n

pihjjihqn }nq scf}qiqn sne}qn g~fpi fqi{{fg|i'Ehqcf Jf||hqli

N L I \ F Q I H D N

LIQN\\FQN NLI\FQIHDN

COQIS\IHG QFGCOIG

LIQN\\FQN QNS]FGSHAIDN

SHGLQF QIGHDLIGI

CFFQLIGHENG\F NLI\FQIHDN

DH^QH [HE]QFJGH

QNLH[IFGN

HGLQNH LN ]INQI

EHQCF JF\\HQLI

DH^QH J^NQQH

EHQIGH EIFG

NEHG^NDH ]NQ [[F

IE]HJIGH[IFGN

EHQCF [HEANDDI

SNJQN\NQIH LI QNLH[IFGN

HG\FGNDDH DF ]QIFQN

@F\FJQH@IN

DNLI\FQN LNSILNQH QIGJQH[IHQN ]NQ DH CFDDHAFQH[IFGN;H\QF]F?$ I JIHQLIGI LI CHS\ND \QH \\EHGSLFQ@&ZZZ'\H]]NIGNQ'I\$ NG\N \^QIS\ICF LNDDH QNJIFGNIS\QIHGH&QNGCF BFSIGF[IC$ SDFPNGIH \F^QIS\AFHQL&DNGHQCIC$ZZZ'LFDIGH%SFCN'CFE&EH\NP[DNGHQCIC$ NDNGH \QNPISHG$ CDH^LIF AHQHG\IGI$HSS' \^Q'PHD ]HSSIQIH$PHD%JHQLNGH'CFE$]QIG\ OF^SN CFQ\IGH&L' CFDDI$ D' CIHGCIF\\F$H' JIÎH$]' JNQFG$ ONHQ\EIGLCQNH\IPI\Y$ EH\\IH AFNQF$CFGSFQ[IF DH PNGHQIH QNHDN$ QFJNQ%PIFDDN\&HDIGHQI

C^QH IGLIQI[[I CFGSIJDIH\I

JIFPHGGI LHD AF

NEEH IDDIHGF

]IN\QF DHPFQN

HG\FGNDDH DNFGN\FEEHSF FS\HGI

CQIS\IGH ]HPHG

DH^QH ]IH[[H

COIHQH S\FCCF

]QFJN\\F NLI\FQIHDN N JQH@ICF

COQIS\IHG QFGCOIG

]ÂADICI\ GH[IFGHDN

NLI[IFGI HPHG\ JHQLN s'q'd'cfqsf lnd ]f}fdf$ ?8 388== \qnpisf|nd' =>1?$ `h =3&1==3 /cfgp' D'


11/135R 8 = U

Q I \Q H \\ F H A Q^ [[ N SN

HG@I\NH\QF LI ANDDN[[N


12/135R 8 8 U

GH\^QHDI IG LFDCN HQEFGIH

Q H D H L FQ SH DN

h}}nggigich n dh cfs|hhlqih|ich$ dHaq~{{f

~gh |nqqh lfpn efg|i$cfddign n x~hdcon s}iqhjdifli `nq|idn }ihg~qh cfgpipfgfsng{h s|qilfqi$ cfg i }qfìdisnpnqi lnd Jqhg Shssf n lndehssiccif lnddh Ehinddh consi hppicnglhgf hjdi fdipn|i nhi pijgn|i lnddh `hscihcfddighqn' Dn qisnqpn gh|~qhdilnddh qnjifgn$ cfen id ]hqcfgh{ifghdn lnd Jqhg Shssfn efg|i lnddh Dhjh$ x~nddf

lnddh Ehinddh n id ]hqcfgh{ifghdn lHaq~{{f$ Dh{ifn Efdisn$ sfgf pnqli fhsicon |~|ndhgf ~gh qiccon{{h`h~gis|ich }i ~gich con qhqh$hqnn `qh dn x~hdi gfg li`ìcidnieah||nqsi ig fqsi$ chefsci$dn}qi f s}dnglili nsne}dhqili hx~idh qnhdn' Hgcon sf||fid }qfìdf c~d|~qhdn dHaq~{{f$|nqqh gh|hdn lnddnqficf ph|nJhaqindn lHgg~g{if$nsiaiscn sphqih|i efg~eng|ihqcoi|n||fgici li gf|npfdn }qnjif s|fqicf%hq|is|icfn is|i|~{ifgi e~snhdi ch}hcili qh}}qnsng|hqn lnjgheng|ni `hs|i i|hdihgi$ phdfqi{{hglfhd cfg|ne}f dn |qhli{ifgidfchdi n i phg|i qnjifghdi'

@


13/135R 8 1 U

Q I \Q H \\ F D ^ CH G F

S\QHFQLIGHQIH SIG\NSI

@fg|n hqcoipif H}| Ahsidich|h


14/135R 8 3 U

@QH D^FEF N DH S^H \NQQH

H A HS I DI C H\ H

dnjh|h hddn picnglnlndd^gi| lI|hdih

lhddh cfsilln||h igs~qqn{ifgnd~chgh$ qipfd|h hg|iafqafgichj~ilh|h lhd Eh{{igid~chgf Jihcig|f Hdaigicon$ id 8? hjfs|f lnd 8?0=$cfgsnjg h Jhqiahdli ~ghAhsidich|h dianqh n i|hdihgh'Dh D~chgih h}}hqn l~gx~ncfen ~gh lnddn qnjifgi }ilnsilnqfsn lndd^gi|$snaangn id `ngfengf lndaqijhg|hjjif n dh||ng|h|f

hd qn ^eanq|f I$ hppng~|fid 8: gfpneaqn 8?:? }nqf}nqh lnd d~chgf Jifphggi]hsshgghg|n$ qhccfg|igf~g npfdpnqsi lnddh si|~h{ifgngfg |qf}}f `ndicn' Fjjidh |nqqh gh|hdn lnd }fn|hdh|igf Fqh{if cfgfsci~|h}nq dh sigjfdhqi| lni s~fi}hnshjji$ }qief `qh |~||ix~nddf lni Shssi$ jdi hg|icoiigsnliheng|i q~}ns|qi schph|ignd |~`f$ ie}qnssifghg|nefg~eng|f ~qahgis|icfqnhdi{{h|f ig |f|hdn hqefgih`qh ~fef n gh|~qh' Chs|nddi$|nqen$ }hqcoi n qisnqpncfe}dn|hgf id x~hlqf li~g }h|qiefgif gh|~qhdis|icfn s|fqicf lhppnqf nccn{ifghdn'

D


15/135R 8 < U

Q I \Q H \\ F C H DH A QN S N

H@@QNSCF ENLI\NQQHGNF


16/135R 8 > U

LHD PNQHCN SH]FQN I\HDICF

F Q \H L I ] N GI S FD H

gnddh ]ngisfdh$dh Chdhaqih ~g

cqfjifdf li }hnshjji$ cdiein |qhli{ifgi$ ilnhdeng|ncneng|h|f lhi }ihcnqi li ~ghjhs|qfgfeih qicch n jng~igh$con }fq|h ig |hpfdh i }qf`~ein i cfdfqi lnd Enli|nqqhgnf;fq|hjji$ pigf$ fdif$ `fqehjji$n hgcfqh chqgi$ shd~ein x~nddiglfei|h }hssifgn}nq id }n}nqfgcigf$ s}iqi|fn cfq}f lnddh c~cigh chdhaqnsn'^gich qnjifgn i|hdihgh cfg

|qn }hqcoi gh{ifghdi$ x~nddflnddh Chdhaqih$ lnd ]fddigfn lnddHs}qfefg|n$ hi x~hdisi hjji~gjfgf |qn qisnqpnqnjifghdi$ dh Chdhaqih ~g ch}qiccifsf ~gipnqsfli efg|i$ hd|f}ihgi$ |nqenn qigfeh|n s|h{ifgi ahdgnhqi'S~ ~gh lnddn s}dnglilns}ihjjn con ie}qn{ifsiscfgfid pnqshg|n ifgicf$ x~nddhli Endi|f li ]fq|f Shdpf$Jhqiahdli sahqc id 89 hjfs|f8?0=$ lncisf h igi{ihqn$ lf}fdh dianqh{ifgn lnddh Sicidih$dn f}nqh{ifgi ig cfg|igng|n'GnddHs}qfefg|n$ }nqhd|qf$ hgcfqh pisi|haidn dhdanqfsf||f c~i si qi`~ji die}hpilfnqfn `nqi|f h ~gh jheah'

S


17/135R 8 0 U

Q I \Q H \\ F C HE] H GF

IGCHG\F LI PHQIF]IG\I


18/135R 8 : U

EFSHICI H ]ICCF S^D EHQN

HD D IE] NQH \ F QN

qfehgf \ianqifh Ndsh Efqhg|n$

}hsshglf }nq Dnf}hqli$Jfn|on n i jifphgi qfehg|icicon snj~iphgf dh eflhlnd Jqhgl \f~q; lh sne}qndh Che}hgih ~gheai|hen|h li pihjjif cfgshcqh|hlhddn ie}nqi|~qn }hjign li}fn|i n scqi||fqi' Hddfeaqhlnd Pns~pif$ dh Che}hgih`ndi }qfs}nqh |qh `nq|idicfs|n s~ddn x~hdi si `qhgjfgf|qhefg|i lie}hqnjjihaidn

anddn{{h$ cfgsnqphglf cfg `inqn{{h dn |ns|iefgihg{nli ~g }hssh|f lhi cfg|fqgijdfqifsi n |qhjici hd cfg|ne}f$qh}}qnsng|h|f lhi si|ili Nqcfdhgf n ]fe}ni$ c~isi h``ihgchgf i qn|hjji lnddhGh}fdi hgjifigh n hqhjfgnsn$}fi lfeigif lni Afqafgn'N }qf}qif id Qnjgf lnddn L~nSicidin$ con linln i gh|hdihd }h|qif|h Chqdf ]ishchgn$`~ ~gh lnddn cfgx~is|n }isfq}qnglng|i lnddh s}nli{ifgnlni Eiddn$ ~g hd|qf qidnphg|n|hssnddf gnddh cfs|q~{ifgnli ~gI|hdih lhppnqf ~gi|h$sieafdnjjih|h lhddigcfg|qfli \nhgf `qh Jhqiahdlin Pi||fqif Nehg~ndn II'

L


19/135R 8 ? U

Q I \Q H \\ F NE I D I HG F

^GH SIG@FGIH LH^\FQN


20/135R 8 9 U

CON SNL^CN HGIEH N CFQ]F

G \N Q NS S H\ H L H L ^ N

ie}fq|hg|i hq|nqinli cfe~gich{ifgn$ id ]f

n dh qfehgh Pih Neidih$ congn nshd|hgf dh }qipidnjih|h}fsi{ifgn `qh gfql n cng|qfI|hdih$ dNeidih Qfehjghlng~gcih pis|fsheng|n$h }hq|iqn lhd gfen$ x~nd s~fchqh||nqn cfe}fsi|f$ x~nd s~fnssnqn ~g }f Neidih n ~g }fQfehjgh' Dh cfg`nqehhqqiph s~d }ihgf jnfjqh`icf$cfg H}}nggigi n ]ihg~qh]hlhgh con cfg|nglfgf

dh scngh hddn cfs|n hlqih|iconn h ci|| s|fqicon cfen ]hqeh$Afdfjgh$ @nqqhqh n Qieigi'\nqqh li cfq|i n l~ch|i$dNeidih Qfehjgh `~ }hq|nh||iph gnd Qisfqjieng|fi|hdihgf$ lhi ef|i li Eflnghlnd 8?38 h x~nddi lnd 8?


21/135R 1= U

Q I \Q H \\ F @ Q I^ D HG F

CHDLNQFGN LI S\FQIN$


22/135R 1 8 U

JNG\I N HG\ICON C^D\^QN

N QQ H L I E FG LI$

digj~n n c~d|~qnlipnqsn$ sfs}nsh

`qh sng|ieng|f gh{ifghdnn `hscigh{ifgn ei||ndn~qf}nh$end|igj }f| li n|gin dh|ign$sdhpn n jnqehgicon$ id @qi~diPngn{ih Ji~dih lipnggnig |f|f |nqqi|fqif i|hdihgfsfdf hd |nqeign lnddh Jqhglnj~nqqh' Dns|qneh phqin|lnjdi hppngieng|i s|fqicin c~d|~qhdi si qis}nccoihgnddh lipnqsi| lni }hnshjji$ig ~g s~ccnlnqsi li x~hlqi

gh|~qhdis|ici con lhi cqighdilfdfei|ici si lis|nglfgfig }dhciln cfddign$ }nq }fih}qiqsi ig `nq|idn }ihg~qh conlijqhlh ig dhj~gh' Eh }ili |~||i dhqilf scnghqifchqsicf h ie}qienqsi gnddhenefqih$ aq~ddf |nh|qfli hs}qi cfg`di||i anddici conji~gjn h dheaiqn dncdn||ich\qins|n$ ci|| li cfg`ign$cfg|nsh lh |nqqh$ png|fn ehqn' Cqfcnpih li c~d|~qnn c~d|i$ id ch}fd~fjf `qi~dhgf ~g s~jjns|ipf ig|hqsifli }hdh{{i sn||ncng|nscoi$sx~hqci gnfcdhssici$ nli`iciDianq|y n qn|hjji hsa~qjici;dh }nq`n||h sig|nsi li ~ghqnjifgn lhi efd|n}dici pfd|i'

\


23/135R 1 1 U

Q I \Q H \\ F D H [ I H D N

ID EFG^ENG\F LNJDI LNI


24/135R 1 3 U

H GH CI\\ SNG[H \NE]F

H N \ H$ 8 3 @ N A A Q HIF

8?08; lf}f 8=1jifqgi li hssnlif dn

|q~}}n afqafgicon ch}i|fdhgflnìgi|ipheng|n$ s}ihghglfcfs dh s|qhlh hddh ghsci|h li~g Qnjgf lI|hdih ~gi|hqif'Nccf ~gf lni efeng|i s|fqici}i sijgiìch|ipi lni x~hdiid Dh{if s|h|f |nh|qf$ c~isnj~iq dh `hefsh aqnccihli ]fq|h ]ih con$ gnd 8?:=$cfe}dn|nq dnqficf }qfjn||fli ~giìch{ifgn' N}isfli cfenx~ns|i qnjhdhgf dieehjign

li ~gh qnjifgn }qipidnjih|h}qf}qif sf||f id }qfìdf s|fqicf2sn gfg hd|qf }nq dh }qnsng{hlnddh Ch}i|hdn$ nqnln li ~ghpicnglh eiddnghqih ig|qishlnd `hscigf lnddh dnjjnglh'\qng|hx~h||qf sncfdi li s|fqih~qahgh ohggf `h||f li Qfeh~g jqhglifsf efg~eng|fh cindf h}nq|f$ ~g ~gic~egnd }hgfqheh efglihdn conoh snlf||f }h}i$ hq|is|in ie}nqh|fqi' Df s}dnglfqn`~djng|n lnddh Ci|| N|nqghoh h||qhpnqsh|f iglnggndhppicnglhqsi$ s}nssf `~qng|n$li lfeigi n cfs|~ei lipnqsi$hss~englf }nq sne}qndh pns|n li qh}}qnsng|hg|nli ~gi|hdihgi| sng{h |ne}f'

J


25/135R 1 < U

Q I \Q H \\ F D I J^ Q N

^G HSSFDH\F \NQQH[[F


26/135R 1 > U

@QH \NQQH N ]HD]I\I LI EHQN

H S \ QN \ \H D I GJ ^H

li |nqqh con si h``hccihs~d Ehq Dij~qn

~g cfgcng|qh|f li }hnshjjichgjihg|i h fjgi scfqcif;lhddhaahcighg|n hscigfdi|fqhgnf$ ang qh}}qnsng|h|flhddn Cigx~n \nqqn$ lfpndhs}qh cfs|inqh lfeigh|h lhichqh||nqis|ici |nqqh{{heng|insiaiscn dhscihglf dh }hqfdhh Efg|hdn ~gh anddn{{hschqgh$ schaqh$ hdd~cighg|n$hd efqailf haaqhccif lnjdiH}}nggigi$ jndfsi c~s|fli

li ~gh |nqqh sfs}nsh `qh ehqnn efg|i' s~ x~ns|f s}hq|i|fcon sfgf s|h|n scqi||n hdc~gn`qh dn }i endflifsn hqefginlnddf}nqh }h|qih; Jngfph$hg|ich Qn}~aadich ehqighqh$linln i gh|hdi h Gigf Aiif$h Jf``qnlf Ehendi n hddfs|nssf Ji~sn}}n Eh{{igi$n piln dhl~ghqsi lni Eiddn$}qfg|i h shd}hqn hddh pfd|hlnddh Sicidih lhddn s}ihjjnli X~hq|f' Gnd ch}fd~fjf$lipnqsi efg~eng|i$ e~snin is|i|~{ifgi qicfqlhgf hgcfqhi }qf|hjfgis|i li x~ns|h nqfichie}qnsh$ igghd{hglf ~g iggfsidng{ifsf hddh gh{ifgn$ conqinconjjih fd|qn i cfg`igili x~ns|h en{{hd~gh lI|hdih'

D


27/135R 1 0 U

Q I \Q H \\ F D FEA H QL F

DNS\QF N DH JNGIHDI\


28/135R 1 : U

LI ^GH CH]I\HDN EHGCH\H

H D DN P N \\ N hd}ignhddh ahssh ]ihg~qh]hlhgh$ dh qnjifgn

dfeahqlh ~g hqefgicflijqhlhqn qijh|f li efd|n}dicicfqsi lhcx~h n ig|hqsih|f lis}nccoi dhc~s|qi cfen id dhjfli Cfef$ id dhjf Ehjjifqnn id Jhqlh' Igchg|npfdijdi scnghqi con si s|nglfgflhddn Hd}i n lhddh s}dnglilhPhd|nddigh `igf hddn jngnqfsn|nqqn li @qhgcihcfq|h$ sng{hscfqlhqn id `hscigf li cng|qi~qahgi qiccoi li s|fqih cfen

Ehg|fph$ }h|qih lni gfaidiJfg{hjh$ Anqjhef$ ci||lni Eiddn$ n Eidhgf$ c~ddhlnddIdd~eigisef i|hdihgf$ci|| gh|hdn li Ehg{fgin |nh|qf li ~gf lni ch}i|fdi}i qh}}qnsng|h|ipi n gf|ilnddn picngln s|fqicon lnddhgh{ifgn; dn Cigx~n Jifqgh|n'Ch}i|hdn lnd Qnjgf lI|hdihlhd 8?=> hd 8?8


29/135R 1 ? U

Q I \Q H \\ F EH QC O I J IH G F

S^JJNS\IPF CFE]NGLIF


30/135R 19 U

LHQ\N$ S\FQIH N @FDCDFQN

N E H QC ON$ dh qnjifgnangnln||h lh Lifli anddn{{h$ li phqin|$

li dianq|$ e~|~hglf dn sfhpi}hqfdn lhd }fn|h Chql~cci$`~ x~nddh ig c~i naan d~fjfdf scfg|qf lncisipf }nq df}nqhli ~giìch{ifgn i|hdihgh;id 8? sn||neaqn 8?0=$ gnddhah||hjdih li Chs|ndìlhqlf$i }inefg|nsi j~ilh|i lhd qnPi||fqif Nehg~ndn IIscfgìssnqf dn |q~}}n lnddfS|h|f ]fg|iìcif$ }nqen||nglfdh qi~giìch{ifgn lni |nqqi|fqi

cng|qf%sn||ng|qifghdi cfgdn {fgn enqilifghdi jicfgx~is|h|n lh Jhqiahdli'DI|hdih nqh `h||h n dn Ehqcongn `ncnqf }hq|n lh s~ai|f$ cfgid }dnaisci|f lnd < gfpneaqn8?0=' Lh hddfqh dh }h|qihli Qh``hnddf n Dnf}hqli ~gphg|f gh{ifghdn$ ~gf scqijgflfpn qi}fshgf heehdihg|ici|| lhq|n$ lhjdi s}dnglfqilnddhg|icf L~ch|f li ^qaigfhi g~enqfsi cng|qi `fq|iìch|in ie}qn{ifsi|i lh qfcconn ehginqi$ lfpn qfa~s|i cfq}iqfehgici cfgpipfgf cfgndnjhg|i ns}qnssifgi li Jf|icfpngn{ihgf n sfg|~fsi nliìciqndijifsi' \nsfqi con pnqsfns| cnlfgf id }hssf hd ehqn'

D


31/135R 3 = U

Q I \Q H \\ F EF D I S HG F

]HNSHJJI CON IGGHD[HGF

Eh~qf ]qns~||i


32/135R 3 8 U

^G CHG\ICF HDDH ENEFQIH

F \ \ Q H \ \ F hd }f|nqnlni Afqafgn gnd 8?0=n hggnssf hd ]hnsn

cfen qnjifgn ~gich coiheh|hHaq~{{i n Efdisn$ x~ns|f|hssnddf lI|hdih lhddh cqi|ichpicnglh s|fqich oh e~|h|fid s~f hssn||f jnf}fdi|icf}i pfd|n$ cfgx~is|hglfdigli}nglng{h lhddHaq~{{fsfdf gnd 8903 n pnlnglfdh ghsci|h lnddh }qfpigcih liIsnqgih$ is|i|~i|h }nq scfq}fqflh x~nddh li Che}fahssf$sfd|hg|f gnd 89:=' I s~fi

}hnshjji$ }qnphdng|neng|nefg|~fsi n cfddighqi$ sfgfig|hqsih|i li afqjoi hlhjih|ihd sfeef li }iccfdn hd|~qn$igsnliheng|i ieenqsi gnddhx~in|n li fdipn|i n pijgn|i$cfen gnd chsf lnddh enlinphdnChe}fahssf$ lfeigh|hlhd Chs|nddf Efg`fq|n'\nqqh li |qhli{ifgi$ lfpndh |qhgs~ehg{h cfs cfen dhcfs|q~{ifgn lnddh {he}fjghsfgf ~shg{n hgcfqh pipn$id Efdisn qing|qh ig }hq|ngnddhqnh ig|nqnssh|hlhd sncfglf }i hg|icf }hqcfi|hdihgf$ x~nddf gh{ifghdnlHaq~{{f$ Dh{if n Efdisn$cfgcnlnglf hddf sj~hqlfpnl~|n li qhqh s~jjns|ifgn'

S


33/135R 3 1 U

Q I \Q H \\ F ] I NE FG \ NS N

N\NQGH JDFQIH I\HDIHGH


34/135R 3 3 U

@QH GFAIDI ]HJIGN LI S\FQIH

N C F DH Q N L F E IG I F

shah~lf$ id ]inefg|nsi qipndh }qf|hjfgis|h

iglisc~ssf lnd Qisfqjieng|fi|hdihgf$ n h liefs|qhqdf ahs|i~gh lh|h; 8: ehq{f 8?08'Ig x~nd `h|ilicf jifqgf$ }qf}qifh \fqigf$ Pi||fqif Nehg~ndnII `~ }qfcdheh|f qn lI|hdihn id ch}fd~fjf }inefg|nsnhss~qsn }nq x~h||qf hggihd q~fdf li ch}i|hdn' \nqqhli }qigci}i$ qn$ }h|qif|in }fdi|ici$ li scqi||fqi$ }fn|in ie}qngli|fqi$ id ]inefg|n

oh gnjdi idd~s|qi gfei lnis~fi hai|hg|i ~g ndfjif sng{h|ne}f hddi|hdihgi| }i pnqh;lhi Shpfih h Chpf~q$ lhPi||fqif Hd`inqi h EhssieflH{njdif$ lh ]in|qf Eicchh ]qief Dnpi$ }hsshglf}nq id }qneif Gfand Qi|hDnpi%Efg|hdcigi n D~ijiNigh~li$ }qief ]qnsilng|nlnddh Qn}~aadich' Nccnddng{hcon \fqigf s~adieh gnddhqnjhdi| lnddn jqhgli }ih{{ngnfcdhssicon$ gnddh `hs|fsi|lni }hdh{{i n gnddh|efs`nqhqhccfd|h lni ch``$ |nh|qisng{h }hqfdh li igcfg|qicon ohggf snjgh|f dn picnglnli ~g }f}fdf n ohggf scqi||fdh s|fqih li ~gh gh{ifgn'

S


35/135R 3 < U

Q I \Q H \\ F ] ^ JD I N S N

DIEEHJIGN ]I\\FQNSCH


36/135R 3 > U

LI ^G ]H\QIEFGIF EFGLIHDN

N H \ Q F lnddh cndnaqnlis`ilh li Ahqdn||h$gnddh x~hdn |qnlici

ie}hpili chphdinqi i|hdihgili`nsnqf dfqjfjdif gh{ifghdnlhjdi s}qfgi lnddigsfdng{h`qhgcnsn$ dh ]~jdih ~ghqnjifgn }nq df }i li cfs|n$jfd`i n }qfefg|fqi$ angqh}}qnsng|h|h lhd Jhqjhgf$lhddh E~qjih n lhd Shdng|f2dng|qf|nqqh$ lh|h dhssng{hlnddh ch|ngh h}}nggigich$si lis|ngln ig ns|nsn }ihg~qn$ }nqphsn lhd jqijifpnqln

d~ccicoif lnjdi ~dipi$ n ig hqili|nqqngi chqsici$ gnddn c~ipiscnqn si h}qfgf ieengsidhaiqig|i li jqf||n' S~ |~||fs}icchgf l~n sigjfdhqi|i}ici|; id \hpfdinqn$ dh }iphs|h }ihg~qh lnddI|hdih}ngigs~dhqn$ n i }i||fqnscoi\q~ddi$ licoihqh|i ]h|qiefgiflndd~ehgi| lhdd^gnscf'Dn |qhli{ifghdi cfs|q~{ifgicfgicon sfgf ~gf lni |qh||ilis|ig|ipi lnddh qnjifgnn lI|hdih$ cfg ~g s~jjns|ipfcfg|qhd|hqn lh iglipil~hqngnd l~ncng|nscf Chs|ndlnd Efg|n$ dh c~i }fssng|nefdn f||fjfghdn jqhglnjjihgnd en{{f li ~gh sfdi|hqihn |hci|h anddn{{h li }hnshjji'

\


37/135R 3 0 U

Q I \ QH \\ F S HQ LF

@FQEILHAIDN CFGX^IS\H


38/135R 3 : U

LI ^G PIHJJIF SNG[H EN\H

F S \ N E ^ D \I@ F Q E I

s~ c~i si nqjfgfqfccn jqhgi|icon

lhddn `fqen }i ai{{hqqn$jfdì igcfg|heigh|i n chpi|n jqf||n gh|~qhdi$ hqci}ndhjoin chgliln s}ihjjn dheai|nlhddh{{~qqf cqis|hddigflnd ehqn$ cfg ~g ng|qf|nqqh}qiei|ipf n igpifdh|f$ lfpndh ehccoih enli|nqqhgnhc~s|fliscn igns|iehaidiqiccon{{n `dfqf`h~gis|iconn }qn{ifsn |ns|iefgihg{nlnddhg|ich cipid| g~qhjich;

dh Shqlnjgh f``qn li s ~gqi|qh||f h~|ng|icf cfen id s~f}f}fdf$ ~g efglf }nq cnq|ipnqsi hqchicf$ cfgsnqph|fsiig|h||f jqh{in hddigs~dhqi|lnddh qnjifgn$ gnddh x~hdn}nsch n }hs|fqi{ih sfgfhgcfqh pipiln ehgi`ns|h{ifgilnddf s}iqi|f shqlf' Hd cng|qflnddn picngln i|hdihgn dnjh|nhd }qfcnssf li ~giìch{ifgn$cfg id Qnjgf li Shqlnjghnsis|i|f ìgf hddh `h|ilich lh|hlnd 8?08$ disfdh oh hccfd|fgni s~fi ~d|iei hggi li pi|hid cndnaqn nqfn lni l~n efgli;Jhqiahdli$ ig`h||i$ si qi|iqh Ch}qnqh$ gnddhqci}ndhjflnddh Ehllhdngh$ lfpnsi s}ngsn id 1 ji~jgf 8??1'

C


39/135R 3 ? U

Q I \Q H \\ F S I C I D IH G F

DHEEHDIHG\N @HSCIGF


40/135R 39 U

LNDDH \I]ICI\ H \QN ]^G\N

H ] I N S\ NS H qnjifgni|hdihgh$ ahjgh|hlh |qn ehqi lipnqsi n

chqh||nqi{{h|h lhddh }qnsng{hli ~gf lni p~dchgi h||ipi }ijqhgli lnd efglf$ ~gh |nqqhcfe}fsi|h con nsiaiscn cfgìnqn{{h dn s|qh|iìch{ifgi lnilfeigi con si sfgf s~ccnl~|igni sncfdi; lh Ehjgh Jqncihh `nq|idn jqhghif lnddie}nqfqfehgf$ lh }fssnlieng|fisdheicf h qnjgf gfqehggf$hgjifigf$ hqhjfgnsn n x~igliafqafgicf$ ìgf hddf s|h|~s

li qnjifgn i|hdihgh' ]qf}qifid di|fqhdn lnddh \qighcqih `~id |nh|qf li hdc~gn `qh dn }iie}fq|hg|i f}nqh{ifgilnddh s}nli{ifgn lni Eiddn;Ehqshdh hccfdsn df sahqcflni jhqiahdligi$ eng|qndh pi||fqifsh ah||hjdihli Eidh{{f lncqn| li `h||fdhggnssifgn lnddh Sicidihhd Qnjgf lI|hdih' N ig |hg|n|~qafdng|n picngln$ ~ghlnddn ns}qnssifgi }i sigcnqnlnddisfdh s|h|h$ n cfg|ig~hh nssnqn$ dh joif||h |qhli{ifgn }hs|iccnqh$ cfg chssh|hn chggfdi ig |ns|h coiheh|i hqh`ìj~qhqn gnddieehjighqifcfddn||ipf dh~|ng|icf j~s|fli ~gigiei|haidn sicidihgi|'

D


41/135R


42/135R < 8 U

LI FQI[[FG\I SNG[H CFG@IGI

F C I D I C F D DI G N$

sig~fsi }qfìdiefg|~fsi$ ehqn$

isfdn$ ci|| lhq|n n hgcfqh|nqen$ }hqcoi$ afscoi$ phddin cfqsi lhcx~h; dh \fschgh ~gh lnddn qnjifgi }i qicconsf||f id }qfìdf jnfjqhìcf$eh hgcon |qh dn }i qidnphg|i}nq dh c~d|~qh i|hdihgh$ cfgfd|qn 1=eidh angi c~d|~qhdilisdfch|i gnddn ci||$ sni lnddnx~hdi licoihqh|n ]h|qiefgiflndd~ehgi| lhdd^gnscf$f c~s|fli|i gnjdi fd|qn >==

e~sni' C~ddh lnddh digj~hi|hdihgh$ |nqqh gh|ih liLhg|n$ ]n|qhqch n Afcchccif$dh \fschgh dh }h|qih lnddnhq|i n ~gh lnddn }i `dfqilnns}qnssifgi lnd jngif i|hdicf$ahs|i }ngshqn hddn ìj~qn liJif||f$ Dnfghqlf lh Pigci$Lfgh|nddf n Eicondhgjndf'@iqng{n$ s~adien qi}qfphlni phg|i |fschgi$ qicf}qdn pns|i li ch}i|hdn lI|hdihlhd 8?0> hd 8?:8' Ehdh \fschgh hgcon dh |nqqhlnd ehgjihq angn$ lnd a~fgpigf n lni }qflf||i |i}icilnccnddng{h$ sh}fqi|hlncdigh{ifgn lnddf s}iqi|fi|hdihgf$ chdh|h gnddigchg|fli ~g }hnshjjif lh sfjgf'

L


43/135R < 1 U

Q I \Q H \\ F H D \F H\ N S I G F

DN SNL^[IFGI PNQ\ICHDI


44/135R < 3 U

LI ^G EFGLF LHD\H X^F\H

N@ IGI\ IPH ENG\ N

hggnssh hddI|hdihsfdf hd |nqeign

lnddh ]qieh j~nqqh efglihdn$dhqnh |qng|igh n hd|fh|nsighh}}hqn cfen ~gfhsi gh|~qhdnc~ddh|h lhd sidng{if lni afscoin sfqpnjdih|h lhddie}fgng|nch|ngh lnddn Lfdfei|i$ lh}fcf licoihqh|n lhdd^gnscf]h|qiefgif lndd~ehgi|'Lhddn ]hdn li Shg Ehq|igfhi joihccihi lnddHlhenddf$lhddn cndnaqi \qn Cien liDhphqnlf hddh Ehqefdhlh$

id |nqqi|fqif lnddh qnjifgn}i h gfql lnddh ]ngisfdh s}icch|heng|n efg|~fsf$~g h``qnscf li cqighdi qfccifsin qijfjdifsi }hscfdi lhd|hx~f|h hllfdci|f lh s}dnglilnphddh|n afscoipn$ gfpn }hqcoiqnjifghdi n ~gf gh{ifghdn'\nqqh li dhjoi$ hcx~n$ |nqenn chs|nddi$ id \qng|igf%Hd|fHlijn gfg ehgch li snl~qqncfg dh afg| lni s~fi }qflf||i|i}ici$ }qiei `qh |~||i df s}ncbn dn endn$ jfdfsi sieafdili ~gh |qhli{ifgn jng~ighhgcfqh c~s|fli|h gni ehsi$gnddn ehdjon n gnddn `heijdin$jndfsheng|n |qhehglh|h ncfgsnqph|h cfen ~g }qn{ifsffehjjif li ehlqn Gh|~qh'

L


45/135R


46/135R < > U

]^DSH GND ]HNSN LNI SHG\I

G I C H Q N J I FG N

lnddI|hdih cng|qf%enqilifghdn }qiph

li safccoi s~d ehqn$ ehcon oh gnd \qhsiengf id }ins|nsf dhjf }ngigs~dhqn$d^eaqih ~g s~ssnj~iqsili cfddign$ efg|hjgn$ cfgconphddipn n }ihg~qn |qh}~g|h|nli afqjoi sncfdhqi' X~ighcx~n id ]h|qfgf lI|hdih$shg @qhgcnscf lHssisi$ c~i lnlich|h ~gh lnddn }i anddnahsidicon lnd ]hnsn gfg }nqg~ddh licoihqh|h ]h|qiefgif

lndd~ehgi| n x~i naanqfi gh|hdi shg Angnln||flh Gfqcih$ shg|h Coihqhn shg|h Qi|h lh Chscih'\nqqh li shg|i$ l~gx~n$ eh|nqqh hgcon lhddn qhlich|n|qhli{ifgi q~qhdi$ qn|hjjifcon fjji cfs|i|~iscn dh pnqhqiccon{{h li ~gh qnjifgn}nq efd|i hs}n||i hgcfqhigcfg|heigh|h$ gnd sngsfli ~gh ehi |qhli|h `nlnd|hi s~fi phdfqi }i h~|ng|ici' x~i con si |qfphgf hdc~gnnccnddng{n ngfjhs|qfgfeiconh}}qn{{h|n ig |~||f id efglf$sh}fqi |i}ici con pnlfgfgnd pigf$ gnddfdif n gndqicnqch|f |hq|~`f dh dfqf }ilnjgh qh}}qnsng|hg{h'

^


47/135R


48/135R < : U

HD CFG@IGN CFG ID ]HQHLISF

N QQ H L I P N\ \N

n phddh|n$ dh }i}iccfdh qnjifgn

i|hdihgh ~g jifinddf li s|fqihn gh|~qh$ ~g `ndicn cfgg~aifgnd x~hdn i qns|i lnddh qfehghH~j~s|h ]qn|fqih$ gfendh|igf li Hfs|h$ si enscfdhgfhi }fssng|i chs|nddi enlinphdilnddh ]dhign n ie}fgng|ich||nlqhdi li qfccih spn||hgfs~adiei pnqsf cindi }~qissiei;lhddh cieh lnd Efg|n Aihgcfhi ehns|fsi sidng{i lnd Jqhg]hqhlisf$ |nh|qf lnddn ah||~|n

li chccih lni qn shah~li$ lhdehssiccif lnd Efg|n Qfshhddigcfg`fgliaidn c~s}ilnlnd Cnqpigf' ^g x~hlqfie}qn{ifsi|f lhddh }i hg|ichqisnqph gh|~qhdn i|hdihgh$id ]hqcf gh{ifghdn lnd Jqhg]hqhlisf$ is|i|~i|f gnd 8911lh Pi||fqif Nehg~ndn III'Lnd qns|f$ dh Phddn lHfs|h s|h|f ~g hg|icf }fssnlieng|flni Shpfih$ cfg`d~i|f }fignd Qnjgf li Shqlnjgh n igsnj~i|f ig x~nddf lI|hdih$hqqicconglf df``nq|h lnddfS|iphdn cfg id `hscigf lnddns~n pn||n n li ~g hq|ijihgh|f|qhli{ifghdn con si h}}hqng|hhddn }i `ndici n qi~sci|nns}qnssifgi hq|is|icon i|hdihgn'

\


49/135R


50/135R


51/135R >= U

HQN ^GI\HDIH ^GI\Hgfg s|h|h cnq|f ie%}qnsh lh }fcf' N sn dn

picngln s|fqicon qhccfg|h%gf li igs~qqn{ifgi }f}fdh%qi$ ef|i n ahgln$ }~q pnqfcon d^gi| ~ cfgsnj~i|hhgcon$ n fqsn sf}qh||~||f$}nq enqi|f li ~feigi phdf%qfsi$ s}iqi|i iglfei|i con}nq dhqliqn lnd cfqhjjif n

dh nqen{{h lnddh |nghcihsfgf s|h|i cfgsnjgh|i hddhs|fqih cfen nqfi' H cfs|fqf lnlich|h dns}fsi{ifgn }h%lfphgh$ hddns|i|h ig ~gfs}dnglilf shdfgn h``qnsch|flnd }hdh{{f lnddh Qhjifgnlhd 8> h}qidn hd 10 ji~jgf$ig|i|fdh|h Scfd}iqn jdi nqfi' Dhsc~d|~qh hd snqpi{if lnddh en%

efqih' Ciqch ?= af{{n||i qn%dh|ipi hi }i ie}fq|hg|i ef%g~eng|i gh{ifghdi$ licfgflnd lnsilnqif lnddI|hdih li

qnglnqn fehjjif$ lf}f id8?08$ hjdi hq|nìci lndd^gi%|; gnddn }qigci}hdi ci|| ~%qfgf igghd{h|n s|h|~n cndn%aqh|ipn h }qf|hjfgis|i cfen

Pi||fqif Nehg~ndn II$ Eh{%{igi$ Jhqiahdli n Chpf~q$ h}nqsfghjji cfen Giccfd\feehsnf$ Chqdf Ch||hgnfn i qh|nddi Chiqfdi$ eh hg%con hi }hlqi s}iqi|~hdi con

ph|icighqfgf id }qfcnssf li~giìch{ifgn$ lh Pi||fqif

Hdìnqi h jf @fscfdf h Ji~%sn}}n Pnqli' Dh efs|qh$ igfcchsifgn lnddh x~hdn s|h%|f qns|h~qh|f id efg~eng%|f eh{{igihgf li ]hlfph$f}nqh li Jifphggi Qi{{f$}qf}fgn }n{{i li jqhgln

phdfqn s|fqicf$ cfen id af{%{n||f lnd Jhqiahdli h chphddfli Ngqicf A~||i$ x~nddf cfgc~i N||fqn @nqqhqi si hjji~%lic id efg~eng|f qfeh%

gf h Eh{{igi f df s}dnglilfjnssf li Chgfph con qi|qhndI|hdih }ihgjng|n s~ddh |fe%ah li Pi||fqif Hdìnqi$ eng%|qn }nq i efg~eng|i }h|qi}i sijgiìch|ipi sfgf s|h|nqicfs|q~i|n dn picngln conohggf }fq|h|f hddh qnhdi{{h%{ifgn lnddf}nqh'

@

PNGHQIH QNHDN /\F)

Dnfghqlf'Id jngif$ id ei|f^g |hdng|f ncdn||icf ~gicfhd efglf$ ~g jngif$ ~g ei%|f; Dnfghqlf gfg }f|nphehgchqn gnd chdnglhqiflnddn cndnaqh{ifgi }nq id8>= hggipnqshqif lndd^gi%|$ gfg }f|nph ehgchqn ~gfehjjif h ~gf lni }ijqhgli i|hdihgi li |~||i i |ne%}i' Hddh Qnjjih li Pnghqih$lhd 11 f||faqn 1=88 hdd?jngghif 1=81$ ig efs|qh ilisnjgi li Dnfghqlf igcng%|qh|i s~d |neh lnd pfd|f$ qhc~i id cndnaqn H~|fqi|qh||f'

QFEH

Cf}yqijo| I|hdih' Aqnpn||i&Ehqcoi&]qflf||i % 89


52/135R > 8 U

PNGN[IH

Pngn{ih con s}nqhD~gifgn hddI|hdihId }nqcfqsf ns}fsi|ipf

hddns|i|f lhd 80 ehq{fhd 19 ehjjif }qnssf dnshdn lnd E~snf Cfqqnqf``qn ~gh }hgfqheichlnjdi hppngieng|i }iie}fq|hg|i con lhddhSncfglh j~nqqh lig%li}nglng{h }fq|hqf%gf hddhggnssifgn li

Pngn{ih n lnd Pngn|fhd Qnjgf lI|hdih' Ig

efs|qh fd|qn 1== f}n%qn `qh li}ig|i$ efgn|n$qi|qh||i$ ehgi`ns|i$ lisn%jgi$ ciendi n af{{n||i}nq i efg~eng|i cndn%aqh|ipi lnlich|i hjdinqfi lnd Qisfqjieng|f'

EIDHGF

Ohyn{ gnddh Eidhgfli Ehg{fgi n Pnqli

Hddh ]ighcf|nch li Aqnqh$ lhd 83 h}qidn hd 1>sn||neaqn$ si }fssfgf heeiqhqn i ch}fdhpfqili @qhgcnscf Ohyn{$ cfgsilnqh|f lh Eh{{igiid }i jqhgln hq|is|h lnd Qisfqjieng|f' Dnf}nqn$ qh dn x~hdi Id ahcifigchqgh jdi ilnhdiqisfqjieng|hdi$ qi}nqcfqqfgf ~gh chqqinqhsnjgh|h lhi qh}}fq|i cfg Pnqli n Ehg{fgi'

]ISH

Lfggn lI|hdih' Dh en| lndd^gi|Dhd|qh hccih lnddh enlhjdih$ ~g cfqf sidng{ifsf$ hgfgief n |~||hpih lnci%sipf$ }nshg|n; x~ns|h dh en| lndd^gi| qhccfg|h|h lhddh efs|qh }ishgh$dhd|qh en|$ x~nddh }hq|n `h||h li lfggn iglfei|n n cfqhjjifsn$ |nghci$con ohggf cfg|qia~i|f ig eflf lncisipf$ eh }qipf li fs|ng|h{ifgn$ hi}qfcnssi li ~giìch{ifgn n li cfs|q~{ifgn lnddh gh{ifgn' Lhd 80 ehq{f hd10 ji~jgf dh }hqfdh }hssh h ehlqi$ efjdi n ijdin$ }qf|hjfgis|n ig }fdi|ich$ig j~nqqh$ s~d dhpfqf$ lhdd^gi| hddh||~hdi|' gh snqin li shdn$ cihsc~ghilnh|h cfen igs|hddh{ifgn h s$ hccfjdin ideh|i$ li}ig|i$ f|fjqhìn n ig|nq%

pis|n$ |nqeighglf cfg ~g ensshjjif dhscih|f lh 3= hefsn lfggn i|hdihgn'

AFDFJGH

Cqis|ihgi lI|hdih' I 8>= hggili Coinsh$ S|h|f n sfcin|Lhd 80 ehq{f hd 3 ji~jgf dh ci|| li Afdfjgh

fs}i|h ~g ig|nqnsshg|n pihjjif h||qhpnqsf dhenefqih gh{ifghdn$ ~gh efs|qh li``~sh lichqh||nqn e~d|ienlihdn con cfigpfdjn h||fqicfen Hgsh n Qhi S|fqih$ gnddig|ng|f li lndi%gnhqn ~g x~hlqf phqinjh|f n e~d|i`fqen;x~nddf s~ddh s|fqih lni cqis|ihgi lI|hdih'

QFEH

Ji~sn}}n Eh{{igi n dh e~sich ~g Eh{{igi }nq cnq|i pnqsi igsfdi|f$ x~nddf

qhccfg|h|f lhddh efs|qh ig }qfjqheeh hdE~snf Gh}fdnfgicf li Qfeh lhd 38 ehq{fhd 19 ehjjif' Dns}fsi{ifgn$ ig`h||i$ iglhjh iqh}}fq|i qh id }hlqn lnd Qisfqjieng|f n dhe~sich$ ~g aigfeif ncfglf sih sf||f id }qf%ìdf ~ehgf$ sih s~d pnqshg|n s|fqicf%}fdi|icf'

Qfjnq

%Pifddn|&Hdighqi


53/135R > 1 U

I G H J N G L H

@IQNG[N

Lhg|n pi||fqifsf'Id ei|f li Lhg|ngnddF||fcng|fDh Aiadif|nch Gh{ifgh%dn Cng|qhdn li @iqng{n}qf}fgn$ lhd 19 ehj%jif hd 38 d~jdif$ ~g }nq%cfqsf con ~giscn En%lifnpf n Qisfqjieng|fh||qhpnqsf dh ij~qh liLhg|n Hdijoinqi' ]hlqnlnddh digj~h n lnddh dn|%

|nqh|~qh i|hdihgn$ id ph|n`ifqng|igf hss~qsn gnd_I_ sncfdf h sieafdflnddn hs}iqh{ifgi cipidin ilng|i|hqin qisfqji%eng|hdi$ gfgco h ef%lnddf nsne}dhqn }nqscqi||fqi n hq|is|i' Dhefs|qh gn nshd|h dh ef%lnqgi|$ cfg li}ig|i$sc~d|~qn$ diaqi n ciendi'

QFEH

Hddn qhlici lnddilng%|i| gh{ifghdn' I|hdihgh{ifgn c~d|~qhdnNsis|nph ~gI|hdih ~gi|h }qiehlnddn picngln qisfqjieng|hdi6Dh qis}fs|h s' N id cfddhg|nli ~gh gh{ifgn qheeng|h|h

ig li``nqng|i qnhd| }fdi|iconnqh$ n cfg|ig~h h nssnqn$ dhc~d|~qh' Dh efs|qh con lhd 8:ehq{f hd 1 ji~jgf fs}i|h|hhd Pi||fqihgf }qf}fgn$ h||qh%

pnqsf ehgfscqi||i$ s|he}n qh%qn n li}ig|i$ ~gh gh{ifgnlnddn dn||nqncon oh ig Lhg|n$

\hssf n Ehg{fgi i s~fi }hlqi$~gI|hdih cfnsh gnd snjgf lnd%dhq|n$ cfg Eicondhgjndf$Qh``hnddf$ Anqgigi$ ~gI|hdihcon gni sncfdi oh qicfgfsci~%|f dn }qf}qin qhlici gnddnc%cnddng{h lnddh s~h hq|n n lnddhs~h igiei|haidn dn||nqh|~qh'

QFEH

Dn ah||hjdin }nqdI|hdih' I }dhs|icilnddn }qigci}hdiah||hjdin lndQisfqjieng|fId Shcqhqif lnddn Ahg%linqn lnd Pi||fqihgffs}i|h$ lhd 1 ji~jgf hd1= f||faqn$ ~gns}fsi%{ifgn lnlich|h hddn }i`hefsn ah||hjdin che%}hdi con ohggf snjgh|fid Qisfqjieng|f' Jdiscfg|qi li C~q|h|fgn$Efg|hghqh$ ]hdns|qf nChdh|h`iei$ n efd|i hd%|qi$ sfgf qi}qflf||i lhie}fgng|i }dhs|ici conqinpfchgf i d~fjoi lnicfeah||ieng|i con}fq|hqfgf hdd^gi|'

SINGH

Dhgieh n dh e~sich' Dns}nqing{h qfehg|ich n dn| lnd Qisfqjieng|fLfc~eng|i fqijighdi$ li}ig|i n ehgfscqi||i$ id |~||f eiscndh|f n ig|njqh|f lhddn s~jjns|ifgi piq%|~hdi f``nq|n lh ~g cfigpfdjng|n h}}hqh|f e~d|ienlihdn; sfgf dn dignn j~ilh lnddh efs|qh igh~%j~qh|h id 81 ehq{f$ n pisi|haidn igf hd 89 ji~jgf$ }qnssf id cfe}dnssf e~snhdn Shg|h Ehqih lnddhSchdh li Singh$ ~g pihjjif h qi|ef li phd{nq n eh{~qch qh Qfehg|icisef n ilng|i| gh{ifghdn'


54/135

H

I

SDF

O

CQF

[hjqna

Dk~adkhgh

Ehqiafq

Bdhjng`~q|

Jqh{

Bf}nq

\qins|n

Bqhgk Cndkn

Piddhco

Gfpf

ens|f

Qiknbh

Adnl

GfphJfqich

]fq|fqf

F}h|ikh

^lign]FS\FKGH

]fs|fkgsbh kheh l'l'$ Khesbh cns|h 3=$ 013= ]fs|fkgh$ Sdfpngih

\nd'; "3?0 > :=== 8==$ N%ehid; ig`fM}fs|fkgsbh%kheh'si

zzz'}fs|fkgsbh%kheh'si

JQF\\N LI ]FS\ÊIH

Dn Jqf||n li ]fs|~eih sfgf ~g dhaiqig|f li 1= be li}hsshjji$ jhddnqin n jqhgli shdn$ con dh gh|~qh oh cqnh|f

ig eidifgi li hggi' Scnghqi ef{{hìh|f |qh s|hdh||i|in s|hdhjei|i s}dnglng|i gnddn `fqen n gni cfdfqi; ~gh

pisi|h iglieng|ichaidn gnd sf||fs~fdf lnd Chqsf$ ig }hq|ncfg ~g |qngigf ndn||qicf' H sfdi 8= be lhddn jqf||n pi

h||ngln id Chs|nddf li ]qnlkheh$ ~gh lnddn enqhpijdin

}i }i||fqnscon lnddhqcoi|n||~qh; cfs|q~i|f ig qfccih }ili :== hggi `h s|h|f lnìgi|f ~gf lni |qn chs|nddi }i

h``hscighg|i lN~qf}h con pi qi}fq|nq gnd Enlifnpf'

L~n lns|igh{ifgi lh gfg }nqlnqn

H}nq|n |~||i i jifqgi(

DH\\QH[IFGN LNDDH SDFPNGIH ]I^ @HEFSH GND EFGLF

LHD 8?8? JI X^HSI 3


55/135R > < U

I G H J N G L H

SFD@NQIGF /EG)

Sfd`nqigf$1< ji~jgf 8?>9Id 1< ji~jgf 8?>9$ h

Sfd`nqigf n h Shg Ehq%|igf$ si cfeah|| ~ghah||hjdih n}fchdn; |qnsfpqhgi cfg i qis}n||ipinsnqci|i$ 13=eidh sfdlh%|i$ 8> fqn li fs|idi|n ~g g~enqf hd|issiefli efq|i' Hddf scfg|qfcon cfgcd~sn dh Sncfg%lh j~nqqh ligli}ng%lng{h$ n con is}iq h

Ongqy L~ghg| dh cqnh%{ifgn lnddh Cqfcn Qfs%sh Ig|nqgh{ifghdn$ Sfd%`nqigf lnlich ~gh ef%s|qh cfg ie}fq|hg|i f%}nqn qhl~gh|n lh e~%sni i|hdihgi n qhgcnsi'

ANQJHEF

Anqjhef n i EiddnLh ehq{f h licneaqn Anqjhef pns|n i }hggili ci|| lni Eiddn$ n}i|n|f con che}njjih

s~d jfg`hdfgn ci||hligf$ cfg ~g }nqcfqsf liqinpfch{ifgn s|fqich h``ilh|f h ~g s~jjns|ipfig|qnccif li dn||nqh|~qh$ e~sich$ }i||~qh$s}n||hcfdf$ cigneh$ s}fq| n efd|f hd|qf' Igchdnglhqif sijgi`ich|ipn efs|qn$ cfen x~nddhlnlich|h hddh Jifpng| qianddnn x~nddh$ fs}i|h%|h hd E~snf s|fqicf$ s~ Dn chq|n lnddilng|i|'

EIDHGF

Cqfghch li ~gh qipfd~{ifgn' Ieehjigi n d~fjoilnddn Cigx~n Jifqgh|n li Eidhgf

Hddh sfeefssh con$ qh id 8? n id 11 ehq{f 8?


56/135R > > U

QFEH

^gici| lI|hdihId ehln ig I|hdy cfensijgiìch|ipf h||fqn liqh``fq{heng|f lnd sng%|ieng|f li ilng|i| gh%

{ifghdn; x~ns|h dilnhli fglf con hgieh dhefs|qh lnddh Ch}i|hdn$npng|f l~}dicn con cf%igpfdjn id ]hdh{{f lnddnNs}fsi{ifgi n id E~snflHq|n Cfg|ne}fqh%gnh gnddig|ng|f li qhc%cfg|hqn >= hggi li sh%}nq hqn i|hdihgf$ lhd8908 h fjji' Dns}fsi%

{ifgn$ pisi|haidn lhd 3=ehjjif hd 38 hjfs|f$cfgsng|n li cfgfscnqndh cfddn{ifgn s|fqichlnd }qneif Cfe}hssflFqf n dn eijdifqi}qfl~{ifgi qncng|i; ~g}nqcfqsf }ngsh|f }nqcndnaqhqn id }hssh|f nj~hqlhqn cfg qiggfph%|f f||ieisef hd ~|~qf'

\FQIGF

S|h{ifgn @~|~qf'X~i si qi` dI|hdihCfen shq dI|hdih lnd ~|~qf6

H jn||hqn ~gf sj~hqlf s~ddhqipfd~{ifgn |ncgfdfjich ig h|%|f dh efs|qh con$ lhd 8:ehq{f hd 1= gfpneaqn$ }qns%sf dn F`ìcign Jqhgli Qi}h%

qh{ifgi li \fqigf$ iglhjh i}fssiaidi scnghqi con li x~i hgfg efd|f }f|qnaanqf cfig%

pfdjnqn dn hai|~ligi x~f|ilih%gn lnjdi i|hdihgi' Dh eflhdi|li q~i{ifgn li x~ns|h efs|qh%dhafqh|fqif ig|nqh||iph n`fglh|h s~ddh cfglipisifgn;id }nqcfqsf ns}fsi|ipf cfgì%

j~qh ~gh sfq|h li Ci|| lnddnilnn lf|h|h li ~gh isifgf%eih ~qahgis|ich }qf}qih$ cfg}ih{{n n isfdn |neh|icon conhccfdjfgf jdi fjjn||i lnddh`~|~qh x~f|ilihgi|$ qhl~gh|iig|fqgf h ndneng|i c~aici dnc~i liengsifgi sfgf s|haidi|nlhddh snx~ng{h @iafghcci'

QFEH

Dh ehccoighlnddf S|h|fDh efs|qh con$ }qnssfdHqcoipif Cng|qhdn lnd%df S|h|f$ h}qn i ah||ng|iid 1= sn||neaqn$ dnjjn id}qfcnssf li ~giìch{if%gn h||qhpnqsf dh dng|nf``nq|h lhddns}nqing{hli ij~qn coihpn lnd%dheeigis|qh{ifgn s|h%|hdn' g sijgiìch|ipfh}}hqh|f li lfc~eng%|h{ifgn h~lif n pilnfj~ilh id pisi|h|fqn d~g%jf dn |h}}n li cqnsci|hlnddh ehccoigh a~qf%cqh|ich$ i|ignqhqif consi hqqiccoiscn lnddns}f%si{ifgn lnddh Cfs|i|~%{ifgn I|hdihgh lnd 89


57/135R > 0 U

GH]FDI

Qnjigh Ehqjonqi|h'Id ei|f lnddheflnqgi| gnddhGh}fdi }fs|~gi|hqih]qf|hjfgis|h lnddheai{if%sh ns}fsi{ifgn gh}fdn|hgh$fs}i|h|h qh dn shdn h~diconli ]hdh{{f Qnhdn lhdd8 h}qi%dn hd 8: d~jdif$ dh }qieh qn%jigh lI|hdih; Ehqjonqi|h liShpfih' Dh efs|qh qhccfg|hi }qigci}hdi ch}i|fdi li ~gh

picnglh aifjqhìch li fq|nqidinpf s|fqicf$ gfg sfdf

gnddf||ich li ~g enqf ig%|ng|f ngcfeihs|icf eh cfgdig|ng{ifgn li qhccfg|hqn$h||qhpnqsf dh pi|h s|nssh lnddhqnjigh$ dh s|fqih li ~gh gh%{ifgn; Ehqjonqi|h sieafdfi|hdihgf$ Ehqjonqi|h icfgh}f}fdhqn$ encngh|n n }hdh%ligh lnddn lfggn$ Ehqjon%qi|h hqai|qf lnd j~s|f n lnd%dn efln$ qnjigh lnd ei|feflnqgf' Id }qfjn||f hddn%

s|i|ipf si spid~}}h s~ |qn eh%cqfhqnn |neh|icon2 dh }qi%eh ie}nqgih|h s~ddh pi|hlnddh qnjigh cfen ieehji%gn lnddh s|fqih gh{ifghdn n$lf}f ~g }qfdfjf lnlich|fhi h||i qisfqjieng|hdi gh}f%dn|hgi$ qicfs|q~iscn$ cfg ids~}}fq|f li x~hlqi$ lfc~%eng|i$ scngfjqhìn n eh|n%qihdn e~d|ienlihdn$ id qh}%}fq|f qh Ehqjonqi|h n Gh%}fdi$ lhd eh|qiefgif cfgêanq|f I hddhsshssigif li

x~ns|~d|ief$ hppng~|f hEfg{h gnd 89==' Dh sn{if%gn cng|qhdn lnddh efs|qhghqqh dn fqen lnd ehqjon%qi|isef$ fppnqf id |qifg`f li~gf s|idn con oh cfg|hjih|fhq|n$ eflh$ e~sich n dn||n%qh|~qh' Dh |nq{h hqnh |neh|i%ch$ igpncn$ lnlich|h hddh

eflnqgi|$ shd|f n}fchdnli c~i dh qnjigh ~ ~gh s~adi%en ig|nq}qn|n2 dI|hdih }f%s|~gi|hqih nsiai|h h||qhpnq%sf dns}fsi{ifgn li fjjn||isieafdf lnd }qfjqnssf nlnddh |ncgfdfjih$ cfg qi%ehgli sf}qh||~||f hi |neilnddn jqhgli Ns}fsi{ifgi'

QFEH

D~iji Chdheh||h$igcisfqn n }h|qif|h

Hddh ìj~qh lnd }i cndnaqnigcisfqn lnddF||fcng|f$ lnlich|h ~gh s}ncihdn ef%s|qh hddns|i|h hddh Chdcfjqh%ìh Gh{ifghdn li Qfeh; igns}fsi{ifgn dn f}nqn n i lf%c~eng|i con |qh||njjihgf}qfl~{ifgn n h||ipi| }fdi|i%ch li ~g hq|is|h con ~ hg%con }h|qif|h$ s}iqi|f qipfd~%{ifghqif con }hq|nci} h||i%

pheng|n hi ef|i lnd 8?


58/135R > : U

EIDHGF

Cqis|igh dh]hsifghqih'Dh }qigci}nsshli Andjifkfsf$ig|nddn||~hdnn }h|qif|hLh ehjjif h sn||ne%aqn id E~snf lnd Qisfq%jieng|f li Eidhgf ln%lich ~gh qn|qfs}n||iphhddh `ij~qh hg|icfg`fq%eis|h li Cqis|igh \qi%

p~d{if li Andjifkfsf'Qipis|n$ chq|njji$ diaqi$

lisnjgi n qi|qh||i lndi%gnhgf dig|ngsh h||ipi|}fdi|ich n dn||nqhqih li~gig|nddn||~hdn n li~gh }h|qif|h$ lipng~|h~gf lni sieafdi }i h~%lhci lnd Qisfqjieng|f'

QFEH

Dh efgn|h lnddI|hdih~gi|h lhddh diqh hddn~qf

D~gi`ich{ifgn efgn|hqih lnd 8?01 cfen ch%}i|fdf li ~gh picnglh li }i he}ih }fq|h|h;x~nddh lndd^gi|' X~ns|f id |neh lnddh ef%s|qh fqjhgi{{h|h lhddh Ahgch lI|hdih con$ lhd> h}qidn hd 3 d~jdif$ cfgsng|n li cfe}qngln%qn enjdif id q~fdf lnddh efgn|h gnddncfgf%eih n gnddh pi|h sfcihdn li |~||h ~gh gh{ifgn'

GFPHQH

DI|hdih qicfqlh id 13 ehq{f 8?


59/135R > ? U

I G H J N G L H

\FQIGF

8?08%1=88'Di|hdih lni diaqiId Shdfgn Ig|nqgh{ifgh%dn lnd Diaqf li \fqigflnlich ~g s~f fehj%jif hddI|hdih ~gi|h$ cfg~gh efs|qh$ gh|~qhd%eng|n$ h||h li diaqi']nq i 8>= hggi li ~gi|gh{ifghdn sfgf s|h|iscnd|i 8>= diaqi$ f}nqncon ohggf }dhseh|f

j~s|i n cfs|~ei' @qhx~ns|i sfgf s|h|i sndn%{ifgh|i 8> s~}nqdiaqi$|ns|i con s|fqicheng|nohggf snjgh|f ~ghspfd|h$ enssf ~g }~g|f`nqef$ n 8> h~|fqi concfg dh dfqf pi|h n dh df%qf f}nqh ohggf h||fjqhgln dI|hdih$ n gfgsfdf x~nddh lni diaqi'

QFEH

Hqcoi|n||hqn d^gi|Hd cng|qf lnddns}fsi{ifgn qf%ehgh$ ig }qfjqheeh lhd 1:h}qidn hd 1> ehjjif }qnssf dhChsh lnddHqcoi|n||~qh$ pi sf%gf 8? f}nqn hqcoi|n||fgicon}hq|icfdhqeng|n qh}}qnsng%

|h|ipn lnddhqcoi|n||~qh gh{if%ghdn lhdd^gi| hddh ign lndsncfdf' Pnccoin f|fjqhìn$lfc~eng|i ln}fch$ }dhs|ici$qidinpi f|fjqhìci qnhdi{{h|i}nq dfcchsifgn n lisnjgi fqi%jighdi lndignhgf ~g }nqcfqsfcon iglhjh dn fqen lnddhq%

coi|n||~qh is|i|~{ifghdn$ phdf%qi{{hglf id }h|qiefgif gh{if%ghdn }fs|~gi|hqif' Fjgi nliì%cif$ s|~lih|f h||qhpnqsf s}nci%ìci ìd|qi |neh|ici$ coiheh|fh qnglnq cfg|f lnddh cfs|q~%{ifgn lnddieehjign lndg~fpf S|h|f gh{ifghdn'

JNGFPH

I|hdih ~gi|h'Ch}fdhpfqilnddF||fcng|fh JngfphLhd < ehq{f hd 1> sn|%|neaqn$ Jngfph fs}i|h~gh snqin li igi{ih|ipndnjh|n hdd^gi|' HddhJhddnqih lHq|n eflnq%gh$ ~gh efs|qh l s}h%{if hi }qf|hjfgis|i nhddn ilnn dianq|hqin lnd%dn}fch qisfqjieng|hdn2dns}fsi{ifgn hd e~snflnddHcchlneih Dig%j~is|ich f``qn f}nqnie}qfg|h|n hd j~s|fqfehg|icf$ eng|qn gf%

pn }nqcfqsi |neh|ici sisgflhgf qh liefqns|fqicon n efg~eng|i'

PNGHQIH QNHDN /\F)

]f|hjnq Qfyhd' Fq|i n `q~||n|i gni jihqligi lnddh QnjjihLhd 80 h}qidn i jihqligi lnddh Qnjjih li Pnghqih Qnhdn si f``qfgf hi pisi|h|fqi ig |~||h dh dfqf and%dn{{h; linci n||hqi li fq|i n q~||n|i$ jhddnqin pnjn|hdi$ ie}qnpnliaidi jifcoi lhcx~h n scngfjqhì%con cfe}fsi{ifgi lhi eiddn cfdfqi$ ~gfhsi sfs}nsh |qh ihah n qnhd|$ |qh hscigf hg|icf n eflnq%gf j~s|f ns|n|icf' Pisi|n j~ilh|n$ dhafqh|fqi li nl~ch{ifgn sngsfqihdn$ i|ignqhqi c~d|~qhdi n jh%s|qfgfeici$ lnj~s|h{ifgi lni }qflf||i lnddfq|f n h}}qf`fglieng|f lnddn |ncgicon li c~cighsfgf i }qigci}hdi efli li q~i{ifgn li x~ns|f npng|f s}ncihdn con ~giscn hq|n$ s|fqih n gh|~qh'

Cfgsfq{

ifDhPnghqihQnhdn


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61/135

^ G F L N I \ HG \ I ] QI EH \I lnddof|nd dh }qieh n ~gich }iscigh s~d qff`|f} liPngn{ih$ ~gfhsi lhddn ig`igi|n s~jjns|ifgi'

I\HDIH

Efdigf S|~cby Oid|fgPngn{ih

Scf}qiqn ~gh Pngn{ih igsfdi|h$ sfq%

}qnglng|n n ig|qijhg|n ig fjgi s|h%

jifgn$ `qh hqconfdfjih igl~s|qihdn

n jihqligi snjqn|i2 dfcchsifgn

f``nq|h lhddh Ji~lncch `qh dn }i

snl~cng|i$ qnsh hgcfq }i hcch||i%

phg|n lhddh }fssiaidi| li cfgcn%

lnqsi ~gh }h~sh lh sfjgf hd Ef%

digf S|~cby; gnddnscd~sipf Sbydign

Qff`|f} ahq$ qnjgf lnddns|qfsf

ahqehg Ehqigf D~ccon||i$ f}}~qn

gnd qh``igh|f qis|fqhg|n Hqfei$ s|qn%

jh|i lhi }ih||i lnddf con` @qhgcf

D~isn' Cfg dh jhqhg{ih lnd ehq%

coif Oid|fg h s~jjnddhqn dnccnd%

dng{h li |~||i i snqpi{i /Ji~lncch?8=$ |nd' =


62/135

IGCHG\NPFDI

SNL^[IFGI

I sfjgi sfg lnsilnqi$ qnci|h ~g gf|f hlhjif lisgnyhgf$eh i lnsilnqi }fssfgf ehjicheng|n |qhe~|hqsi ig qnhd|;

ahs|hgf ~gh a~fgh lfsn li ndnjhg{h$ ~g }i{{icf li cohqen$

~g |fccf li hg|ich qnjhdi| n dh `ihah oh id s~f din|f igi{if

GF\\I LH SFJGFGF\\I LH SFJGF


63/135

I\HDIH

Chnshq H~j~s|~sHghch}qi /Gh)

^g gfen ie}nqihdn ah||n{{h

x~ns|h heehdihg|n piddh h s|qh%

}ifeaf s~d ehqn$ qnglnglf cfg%

|f lnddh d~ss~fsh lf|h{ifgn lnddn

s~n s~i|n; hqqnlheng|f ig s|idn

ch}qnsn n jqhgli hqcoi n cfdfggnh``hccih|n s~d ehqn chqh||nqi{{h%

gf dh Cnshqn$ dn||i h ahdlhccoigf

n pis|h ef{{h`ih|f s~ddh ]ngisfdh

Sfqqng|igh n s~d jfd`f li Gh}fdi

lis|igj~fgf dh \ianqif$ eng|qn dh

@hqf~b$ s|fqicf hddfjjif lnd qn

lNji||f$ c~s|fliscn efaidi hg|i%

coi' F}nqn lhq|n lnd j~s|f si

snqpfgf h afqlf }iscigh }qnssf

dh \nqqh{{h li D~c~ddf /pih

Fqdhgli


64/135

D H S ^I \N C NS HQ N$ cfg i chglilihqcoi n dn }fssng|i cfdfggn con cqnhgf

~gh|efs`nqh lnjgh li ~g ie}nqh|fqn$heeiqh dn anddn{{n lnd jfd`f li Gh}fdi'

GF \ \ I L H S F JGF


65/135R 0 < U

D H S F ] QH @ @ I GH

ndnjhg{h lnddof|ndHscfgh qhjji~gjngnddn s~i|n dh s~h }is~adien ns}qnssifgn'

GF \ \ I L H S F J GF

D H S F ] QH @ @ I GH

ndnjhg{h lnddof|ndHscfgh qhjji~gjngnddn s~i|n dh s~h }is~adien ns}qnssifgn'


66/135R 0 > U

SPI[[NQH

Chs|nddf lnd SfdnHscfgh

X~ns|f nscd~sipf }hqhlisf }nq ph%

chg{n li d~ssf$ dh c~i s|fqih h``fg%

lh dn fqijigi gnd >==$ qh}}qnsng|h

id gfg }d~s ~d|qh lnddfs}i|hdi|

spi{{nqh; ~gh s~adien fhsi li ndn%

jhg{h n angnssnqn ieenqsh ig 88

n||hqi li }hqcf con dheaiscfgf dn

s}fgln lnd dhjf Ehjjifqn$ ie%

}qn{ifsi|h lh ~gh s}ihjjih }qiph%

|h$ |qn qis|fqhg|i li c~i ~gf }qn%

eih|f cfg 8: }~g|i Jh~d| Eiddh~

n ~g sfg|~fsf qn}hq|f i|gnss n

znddgnss' Jdi s}fq|ipi }fssfgf

cfg|hqn s~ sni che}i lh |nggis$

~gh }is|h `igdhglnsn n ~ghqnh

lnlich|h hd jfd`/pih E~qhccif

8


67/135

SPI[[NQH

Jqhgl Of|nd PiddhChs|hjgfdh D~jhgf

^gicf cigx~n s|nddn s~}nqifq li

|~||h D~jhgf$ x~ns|f ndnjhg|n

of|nd ieenqsf gnddh qhssnqn%

ghg|n x~in|n li ~g }hqcf s~a%

|qf}ichdn n f``qn ~gh s|~}nglh

pis|h s~d dhjf$ qnjhdhglf hddf

sj~hqlf ie}hjhaidi |qhefg|i'

Cfs|q~i|h lh ~gh `heijdih lnddh

gfaid| q~ssh n |qhs`fqeh|h ig

hdanqjf gnd 8??>$ dh piddh si li%

s|igj~n }nq dh qicch jheeh li

snqpi{i; }iscigh$ che}f lh |ng%

gis$ dilf }qiph|f$ hqnh `i|gnss n

h||qn{{h|f znddgnss cfqgnq cfg

hgjfdf anddn{{h n shdfgn hc%

cfgcih|~qn /pihdn Chs|hjgfdh

38$ |nd' ==>>$zzz'piddhchs|hjgfdh'cfe)'


68/135

D N S ] H[ I FS N s~i|n li Piddh Chs|hjgfdhqnjhdhgf hddf sj~hqlf ie}hqnjjihaidi pnl~|n

s~d dhjf li D~jhgf$ f``qnglf cfefli s}h{i}nq ~g sfjjifqgf lh cigx~n s|nddn s~}nqifq'



69/135

I\HDIH

H~anqjn lnDh Ehisfg ++++Cf~qehyn~q /Hf)

Dh }i chqh||nqis|ich lnddn `qh{ifgi

li Cf~qehyn~q hccfjdin x~ns|h

liefqh li cohqen ig dnjgf n }in%

|qh$ }nqphsh lh ~g sngsf li fs}i%

|hdi| hg|ich' Hd qis|fqhg|n QfsHd%

}igh si hssh}fqhgf i }qn{ifsidhsci|i lnddh |qhli{ifgn phddijihgh$

hssinen hi pigi lhd|h x~f|h lhi

chqh||nqis|ici sng|fqi li `dfqh hd}i%

gh' Hqqiccoiscfgf id sfjjifqgf ~g

h||qn{{h|f cng|qf angnssnqn cfg

sh~gh$ ahjgf |~qcf$ ehsshjji n

|qh||heng|i }nqsfghdi{{h|i$ ~g }qh%

|f hd}igf lfpn qidhsshqsi hi }inli

lnd Efg|n Aihgcf n ~g dfaay ahq

lhddh|efs`nqh |i}ich lnjdi cohdn|

/`qh{ifgn Ng|qpns$ |nd' =80>

?09?88$ zzz'h~anqjnehisfg'i|)'



70/135

\ ^ \ \ N dn chenqn lnddhdanqjf sfgf lf|h|nli ahdcfgn f |nqqh{{h cfg pis|h s~ddh ch|ngh

lnd Efg|n Aihgcf n joihccihif lnddh Aqngphf s~ddh phddh|h li Cf~qehyn~q n id }qh|f'


71/135

H Q Q N LI H G \ I C OI n cfe`fq| eflnqgisi cfgi~jhgf hddh }nq`n{ifgn gnddn ndnjhg|is~i|n lnddh s}dnglilh Piddh Che}fehjjif'


72/135

I\HDIH

Piddh Che}fehjjifQhllh ig Coihg|i /Si)

Gfg ~g sne}dicn of|nd$ eh ~g

ig|nqf afqjf qns|i|~i|f hd s~f

s}dnglfqn lh ~g hcc~qh|f qns|h~%

qf con df oh |qhs`fqeh|f ig dfch%

|ifg lnccn{ifgn }nq npng|i$ cnqi%

efgin n enefqhaidi sfjjifqgi' Dhpiddh }hlqfghdn$ cfg ehjgi`ich

pis|h s~ddn cfddign sngnsi$ fs}i|h

heaing|i lhd sh}fqn hg|icf$

chenqn c~qh|issien$ he}i s}h{i

h``hccih|i s~d jihqligf cfg }iscigh

n ~gh |nqqh{{h' ]qnssf id qis|fqhg%

|n$ qichph|f gnddn hg|icon chg|ign

lnddh |ng~|h$ li scngh ~gf||ieh

c~cigh qnjifghdn' Hccnssf nscd~%

sipf hddhqnh znddgnss /dfchdi|

Che}fehjjif$ |nd' =>:: :3?9?8$

zzz'piddhche}fehjjif'i|)'



73/135

I\HDIH

Of|nd SfggnganqjQif li ]~s|nqih /A{)

Dn }is|n sfgf h}}ngh fd|qn dh sf%

jdih lnddof|nd$ eng|qn gnjdi he%

aing|i ig|nqgi n ig c~cigh c |~||f

id enjdif lnddh }i jng~igh fs}i%

|hdi| |iqfdnsn$ fq|n li ~gh ehgih%

chdn c~qh lnd ln||hjdif; dn s|hg{ncfgcnlfgf hgjfdf sf`$ s|~`h li

ehifdich n ahdcfgn$ eng|qn i }ih|%

|i hss~efgf s`~eh|~qn li j~s|f

gfg scfg|h|n' Li hssfd~|h sflli%

s`h{ifgn hgcon df``nq|h angnssnqn

n id g~fpf sn||fqn anh~|y' X~ns|f

qnjgf lnd sfdn h x~h||qf s|nddn

gfg si `h ehgchqn gneengf shdn

`i|gnss$ l~n shdn jifcoi n ~g heh%

aidn snqpi{if /`qh{ifgn Ehqhg{h$

pih H~ssnqncb 3>$ |nd' =1=

131$ zzz'sfggnganqj'i|)'



74/135

D H S H ^G H `igdhglnsn sfdf ~gf lni |hg|i heaing|i

lnlich|i hd angnssnqn con dof|ndSfggnganqj li Ehqhg{h oh

cqnh|f }nq i }qf}qi fs}i|i'


75/135R : < U

I|hdih

Chnshq H~j~s|~sHghch}qi /Gh)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' 01'

Of|nd LfeigibAqnsshgfgn /A{)

X~ns|f sfg|~fsf x~h||qf s|nddn

lnddh phddn Ishqcf$ chdh|f gnd

}hqhlisf lni jihqligi Qh}}$ h

}fch lis|hg{h lhddn qipn lnd

ì~en Qing{h$ hssic~qh ~g qi%

}fsf li d~ssf h ~feigi lh``hqi

n hehg|i lnddh efg|hjgh' Dn

s~n s|nddn aqiddhgf cfg piphci|

hgcon gnjdi hqqnli n gnddf s|idn

lnddn chenqn; lhddh cfe`fq|

hddh s}h{ifsh n qh`ìgh|h Shdfgs~i|n ìgf hddh s|~lif$ }nqenh|h

li ~gf cohqen |i}icheng|n

igjdnsn' Dh scngfjqhìh lnddh

shdh lh }qhg{f jifch|h s~

chglndhaqi n |ngln ig aqfcch|f

qfssf$ eng|qn i ln||hei lnd

@ngj so~i ie}qfg|hgf dh cfg%

cn{ifgn lnddhphgj~hqlis|ich

shdh cfgjqnssi' Jqh{in hddh Aqi%

ngChql$ jdi fs}i|i lnd Lfei%

gib }fssfgf cfg|hqn s~ ie}fq%

|hg|i hjnpfdh{ifgi n scfg|i }nq

pisi|hqn n scf}qiqn dn anddn{{nli Aqnsshgfgn /pih \nq{f li

Sf||f 83$ |nd' =S}fq|of|nd Jqhg Ahi|h Sndphli Phd Jhqlngh$ }hj' ?0

S}fq| & B~qof|nd Ahl EffsSns|f$ }hj' 8>=Afqjf Scf}n|f Qndhis

Phjdihjdi li Chs|ndg~fpfAnqhqlngjh$ }hj' ?:

Of|nd Chqd|fg fg |on JqhglChghdPngn{ih$ }hj' ?:Efdigf S|~cby Oid|fg

Pngn{ih$ }hj' 0=Hc|ipn Of|nd Fdye}icZnddgnss hgl Anh~|y

Pijf li @hssh$ }hj' ?:

SPI[[NQH

Chs|nddf lnd SfdnHscfgh$ }hj' 0>Jqhgl Of|nd PiddhChs|hjgfdh D~jhgf$ }hj' 00

D H ] I SC I GH lnddof|nd Lfeigibsneaqh lihdfjhqn cfg id }hnshjjif'

33 GF\\I LH SFJGF



76/135

L N \ \ H J D I }qn{ifsiqinpfchgf ~gf cohqen

li s|he}f hgjdfshssfgn qh i qicnqch|i heaing|i

lnddigcfg`fgliaidn of|ndLfeigib li Aqnsshgfgn'


77/135R : 0 U

Hdanqjf Shg`ndicnCh}qi /Gh)

Aihgcon hqch|n con si qigcfqqf%

gf s~ }i }ihgi$ s~ddf s`fglf

li ~g igchg|h|f jihqligf li

}ihg|n enli|nqqhgnn n h~dng|i

cns}~jdi li ìfqi; dhdanqjf

Shg`ndicn ~g |i}icf nsne}ifli liefqh ch}qnsn$ con oh

sh}~|f `hqn lnddh sne}dici|$

lnddndnjhg{h n lnddh chdlh

hccfjding{h i s~fi }~g|i li

`fq{h' Sn dns|nqgf ch||~qh dh|%

|ng{ifgn li |~qis|i n }hsshg|i$

h||qh||i lhddn cfe}fsi{ifgi `df%

qnhdi con hlfqghgf id pihdn

ligjqnssf$ dig|nqgf cfgx~is|h

jdi fs}i|i }nq dh qicnqch|n{{h

lni eh|nqihdi ~|idi{{h|i$ lhddh

ìgn ehifdich con qipns|n i }hpi%

eng|i hd }qnjih|f ehqef lnddn

schdn$ }hsshglf }nq i phqi

lncfqi ig cnqheich n `nqqf ah|%

|~|f' ]nq qicfs|q~iqn dh s|fqih

lnddhdanqjf aisfjgh hglhqn

iglin|qf gnd |ne}f$ ìgf hd

80$ x~hglf dhddfqh jfpnqgh%

|fqn li Ch}qi$ id chphdinqn Chqdf

Shg`ndicn$ pnggn ig }fssnssflnd |nqqngf con ciqcfglh dh

piddh$ hd |ne}f cfd|iph|f hl

hdanqi lh `q~||h n hjq~ei' Lf}f

lipnqsi cheai li }qf}qin| n

~|idi{{i$ dnliìcif `~ ìghdeng|n

|qhs`fqeh|f ig hdanqjf ig|fqgf

hjdi hggi Sn||hg|h lhddh||~hdn

}hlqfgn li chsh$ dig|qh}qng%

lng|n ]in|qf Cnqqf||h$ |qh jdi

hdanqjh|fqi }i hg{ihgi lnddisf%

dh' H }fcoi }hssi lhddh ]ih{%

{n||h$ ig }ingh {fgh }nlfghdn$

dof|nd hssic~qh sfjjifqgi li

ns|qneh |qhgx~iddi| gnddn 3>

chenqn li c~i lis}fgn$ |~||n

cfg pis|h s~d jihqligf' Dignn

}~di|n n cfdfqi lndich|i chqh||n%qi{{hgf s|hg{n s|hglhql n

enli~e$ eng|qn dn s~}nqifq n

dn cigx~n k~gifq s~i|n si hqqic%

coiscfgf li ~gh jqh{ifsh |nq%

qh{{h lfpn }fssiaidn `hqn

cfdh{ifgn f jflnqsi id sfdn ig

|f|hdn }qiphcy' ]nq id }qhg{f$

igpncn$ df sghcb ahq h afqlf

lnddh anddh }iscigh$ ieenqsh

gnd jihqligf n lf|h|h li sfdh%

qi~e n ilqfehsshjjif$ }qf}fgn

}hgigi$ |fhs|$ igshdh|n n jfdfsi

}ih||i lnd jifqgf$ }qn}hqh|i lh

]in|qf Cnqqf||h$ id c~i gfen

ang cfgfsci~|f hgcon gnd

che}f lnddh qis|fqh{ifgn ch%

}qnsn' ]nq coi }qn`nqissn id ehqnhddh }iscigh$ dhdanqjf cfg%

png{ifgh|f cfg df s|haidieng|f

ahdgnhqn \fqqn Shqhcngh$ si|~h%

|f gnddh ahih li Ehqigh ]iccfdh$

gnddh }hq|n enqilifghdn lnddi%

sfdh n h``hccih|f s~i @hqhjdifgi'

Fd|qn hddh chglilh s}ihjjih }qi%

ph|h li cif||fdi dnpijh|i$ h|%

|qn{{h|h cfg slqhif$ dn||igi n

feaqnddfgi$ f``qn ~g qis|fqhg|n

li }nscn efd|f qigfeh|f' X~i

si }~ hpnqn ~g hsshjjif lnd%

dh~|ng|ich c~cigh enli|nqqhgnhn ch}qnsn$ cfg s}ncihdi| cfen

jdi scihdh|inddihi `q~||i li ehqn$

jdi jgfccon||i li {~cch cfg

cf{{n n af||hqjh n i |qhli{ifghdi

qhpifdi hddh ch}qnsn' Dof|nd

Shg`ndicn en||n igfd|qn h lis}f%

si{ifgn lni }qf}qi fs}i|i ~g

ef|fsch`f }nq pisi|hqn n scf}qi%

qn dn anddn{{n li Ch}qi lh ~gh

}qfs}n||iph }qipidnjih|h /pih Di

Che}i 83$ |nd' =?8 ?3:0811$

zzz'of|ndshg`ndicn'cfe)'


S F ] Q H$ dh qh`ìgh|h ohdd lnddhdanqjf Shg`ndicn$ lhd }hpieng|f ehifdich|f'S F\ \ F H S IG IS \Q H$ id qis|fqhg|n \fqqn Shqhcngh$ cfg pis|h s~d ehqn'S F\ \ F H L NS \Q H$ id }f|ng|n ef|fsch`f lnddof|nd sfdch dn fgln ch}qnsi'


78/135

^gh Dnjjnglh Enli|nqqhgnh$Bne}igsbi ]hdhcn ]fq|fqf{

Hd Bne}igsbi ]hdhcn Of|nd si qns}iqhid sh}fqn lnddh s|fqih; df s}dnglilfnliìcif ei||ndn~qf}nf qishdn hd 898=

nl s|h|f qns|h~qh|f hcc~qh|heng|n}nq ehg|ngnqgn |~||f id `hscigf'Hcchg|f hdd*nliìcif s|fqicf s|h|hcfs|q~i|h ~g*hdh eflnqgh con$ cfscfen jdi ig|nqgi lndd*of|nd$ s|h|hcfgcn}i|h hdd*igsnjgh li ~g qh`ìgh|flnsijg eflnqgf'

Dh jifqgh|h$ }nq jdi fs}i|i lnd Bne}igsbi$igi{ih ig ~gh cfqgicn lh sfjgf; hlhccfjdinqdi }nq dh cfdh{ifgn $ ig`h||i$

$ jifinddf ig s|idn ahqfccf cfg~gh s}dnglilh |nqqh{{h pis|h ehqn'dh Cqys|hd Ohdd

D*of|nd f``qn }fi g~enqfsi ahq n qis|fqhg|i$ con }qf}fgjfgf ~gh jhs|qfgfeih iggfph|iphh ahsn li }qflf||i li }qieh x~hdi| con s}h{ih lhddh hddn phqinig`d~ng{n lnddh c~cigh n|gich'

|qhli{ifgn enli|nqqhgnh

Gnddh }hq|n s|fqich lndd*of|nd si |qfph id $ ig fehjjif h Sf}oihDfqng' igpncn ~gh shdh df~gjn ahq & qis|fqhg|n cfg ~gh dfch|ifg ~gich hd}qief }ihgf con f``qn ~gh pis|h ef{{hìh|f s~ddh ahih li ]iqhgf' Id eng~ lnd @dn~q ln Snd chqh||nqi{{h|f lh ~gh c~cigh eflnqgh n jdfahdn'

Qis|fqhg|n dh chq|n Sf}oihId @dn~q ln Snd

Fahdh 031= ]fq|fqfsnSdfpngihzzz'bne}igsbi'cfe}fq|fqf{

\ "3?0 > 091 :=:=@ "3?0 > 091 :9>=qnsnqph|ifgs'}fq|fqf{Mbne}igsbi'cfe

D*of|nd lis}fgn li |~||n lf|h|n li hqihcfgli{ifgh|h$ sis|neh h~lif%pilnf li ~d|ieh jngnqh{ifgn$con igcd~ln \P DCL$ |ndn`fgf n hccnssf ig|nqgn|$ fd|qn heigi%ahq n chssh`fq|n' Id Bne}igsbi ]hdhcn ]fq|fqf{ f``qn$igfd|qn$ nahdcfgn' Dn s~i|ns sfgf cfg|qhllis|ig|n$ fd|qn con lhjdihqqnli d~ss~fsi n lh l~n ahjgi$ hgcon lh ~g*he}ih hqnhsfjjifqgf'

Ig ~g of|nd cfgcn}i|f }nq id angnssnqn lnd cding|n$ gfg}f|nph ehgchqn ~gh `hg|hs|ich {fgh znddgnss; dhBne}igsbi $ cfg i s~fi 8>== ex$ f``qn ~gh}iscigh ig|nqgh cfg khc~{{i nl ~gh ns|nqgh$ sh~gh$ ahjgf|~qcf$ {fgh qndh n ~gf s}h{if s}ncihdn }nq id |qh||heng|fQhs~d con igcd~ln ~g }nndigj cfe}dn|f$ afly zqh} cfg`hgjoi eignqhdi n ehsshjjif cfg scoi~eh hqfeh|i{{h|h'

80< chenqn

8: lipnqsi |i}i li s~i|ns |~||n cfg pis|h ehqn

Qfsn S}h

]hccon||f Chsigf Qfyhdn

1'== }nq l~n }nqsfgn

Id ]hccon||f Igcd~ln;8 gf||n ig ~gh Chenqh lf}}ih ch|njfqih S~}nqifq f}}~qn Lnd~nCfdh{ifgn h a~``n| igf hddn fqn 81;==^g a~fgf li n~qf


79/135R : ? U

S F ] Q H$ id and cfq|idn lnd qndhis lnddFdef h||qn{{h|f cfg |hpfdi n snlin'S F \ \ F$ dh s}dnglilh }iscigh lf|h|h li he}ih {fgh sfdhqi~e `h ch}fdigfgnd c~qh|f jihqligf2 ~gh qh` igh|h chenqh eh|qiefgihdn lhd sng|fqn hg|icf'

Qndhis lnddFdef]nq~jih

Gfg sfdf id cng|qf s|fqicf li

]nq~jih$ eh |~||i i ehjjifqi

d~fjoi lig|nqnssn lnddh {fgh

si lndignhgf gnddn picighg{n

lnd qndhis$ ig|nddijng|n qnc~}n%qf li ~gh s|q~||~qh hg|ich he%

}dih|h n hqqnlh|h ig s|idn$ hi c~i

}inli si s|ngln ~gh jqhgln

}iscigh cfg sfdhqi~e n snqpi%

{if ahq h afqlf phsch' Dh cdhs%

sich }fsh d~cnq|fdh$ is}iqh|h

lhddh pis|h li slqhif n dn||igi$

ig|njqh dhe}ih chsis|ich lnd

qndh }qf}fs|h lhd qndhis; en|

lnddn s~n 31 chenqn sfgf lf%

|h|n li phsch khc~{{i$ |fccf

}qn{ifsf cfg`nqi|f hl heaing|i

cfg |qhpi h pis|h$ hq|icfdh|i igphqin |i}fdfjin lis|qia~i|n |qh dh

}hq|n qis|q~||~qh|h n x~nddh he%

}dih|h' ]qnssfco igìgi|h dh

`ngfengfdfjih lnd angnssnqn

c~i `h lh s`fglf id qh`ìgh|f

cng|qf @nh lhy$ lfpn id ahjgf

|~qcf si hd|nqgh hddn chaign li

ns|n|ich$ h eiddn |ncgicon li

ehsshjjif$ hjdi nsnqci{i li

qns}iqh{ifgn n hi qi|~hdi h ahsn

li }qnjih|n nssng{n$ cfen dh

qfsh lhehscngh; ig }hdns|qh$

igfd|qn$ si n``n||~hgf h||ipi|

}nqsfghdi{{h|n$ yfjh n qinl~%

ch{ifgn }fs|~qhdn' Jdi s|nssi

|qh||heng|i cfgcfqqfgf hgcon

hddh lnìgi{ifgn lni sfjjifqgi

h |neh; cfen gnd chsf lnddi%

lqfehsshjjif hd pig aq~d$h}}nglicn lnd |f~q ngfjhs|qf%

gfeicf ig knn} |qh i pijgn|i'

H}}qfì||hglf lni }hccon||i

}fssiaidn hgcon ie}hqhqn h

eflnddhqn dhqjiddh hd |fqgif

sncfglf dh |qhli{ifgn cnqhei%

ch li Lnq~|h$ lipng|hqn ehns|qi

cifccfdh|inqi f}}~qn dhgcihqsi

|qh i afscoi ig cfe}hjgih li

~g ns}nq|f |hq|~`hqf cfg chgn'

Fs}i|n li ~gh piddh sncng|nsch

cfg jh{naf ns|nqgf |qh id pnqln

lnddn cfddign$ dfs|nqih lnd%dFdef cfgpng{ifgh|h cfg id

qndhis n si }qngln c~qh lnddn

nsijng{n lnjdi hehg|i lnddh |h%

pfdh' Coi pihjjih }nq dhpfqf

}~ cfg|hqn s~ l~n shdn h||qn{%

{h|n }nq enn|igj n cfgjqnssi$

dh shdh lnddn Pfd|n f dh shdh H|n%

gh$ cfg ch}ing{h cfe}dnssiph

li cng|f }nqsfgn /s|qhlh Fdef%

Nddnqh


80/135


81/135

Of|nd DHgcfqh]fsi|hgf /Sh)

\qh||ngnqn dh{{~qqf lnd ehqn

gnjdi fccoi$ scq~|hglfdf cfg

dh ji~s|h }qiphcy lh ~gh lnddn

|nqqh{{n }qiph|n lnddhdanqjf;

ehjhqi }qf}qif x~nddn f``nq|n

lhddn s~i|n$ cfe}dn|n li ~gie%

}hqnjjihaidn khc~{{i ns|nqgh' I

sfjjifqgi hddHgcfqh$ scqijgfigchs|fgh|f gnddh qfccih h s|qh%

}ifeaf s~ddh S}ihjjih Jqhgln$

qipndhgf |~||i i cqisei lnddh~%

|ng|icf s|idn }fsi|hgnsn; dh||i%

|~lign hddigchg|f }qieh li

|~||f$ h snj~iqn jdi hqqnli n dn

h|efs`nqn |i}icon lnddh Cf%

s|inqh Hehdì|hgh$ `h||n li aihg%

cf$ hqcoi n cfdfggn$ chgliln

|ngln ig digf n }fi$ gh|~qhd%

eng|n$ jdi s}qh{{i li cfdfqn

lnddh af~jhgpiddn ig ìfqn' Lhd%

dn s|hg{n lnddof|nd hq|icfdh|ngnddn |i}fdfjin s|hglhql$ k~gifq

s~i|n n ig l~n jqhglifsn s~i|n

e~gi|n li |nqqh{{f }qiph|f

ahs|hgf lhppnqf }fcoi }hssi

}nq qhjji~gjnqn dh sf||fs|hg|n

s}ihjjih$ f}}~qn dh`ìdih|f Cf%

pf lni Shqhcngi$ }nq igl~djnqn

ig lqigb$ cngn$ jndh|i hq|ijihgh%

di f ig ~g |~``f ig }iscigh'

Lh }hq|n s~h dhdanqjf hddns|i%

scn ~ghe}ih }qieh cfdh{ifgncon s|~}iscn }nq phqin| n }~

cfg|hqn s~ }hs|iccigi `qnscoi$

cnqnhdi n `q~||h li s|hjifgn'

Lh gfg sf||fphd~|hqn dh }qn%

sng{h li ~ghqnh }hqconjjif

jqh|~i|h }nq jdi fs}i|i$ cfefli%

| gfg cfe~gn gni lig|fqgi

/pih Cfdfeaf 30$ |nd' =?9

?:>38?$ zzz'o|dhgcfqh'i|)'

Of|nd Cfpf

lni Shqhcngi]fsi|hgf /Sh)

^g |ne}f chsh li }nsch|fqi$

fjji d~ss~fsissief of|nd cig%

x~n s|nddn$ id Cfpf lni Shqh%

cngi }qngln gfen lhddh qinpf%

ch{ifgn `fdcdfqis|ich con ig

}hssh|f i }fsi|hgnsi nqhgf x~i

~si igscnghqn$ |qhpns|nglfsi lh

Efqi hddhsshd|f lnddh cfs|h'

Dndnjhg{h con chqh||nqi{{h

fjgi heaing|n qhjji~gjn id}iccf gnddn l~n lnd~n k~gifq

s~i|n$ ng|qhean nx~i}hjjih|n

cfg |nqqh{{h }qiph|h n khc~{{i$

ig pnqsifgn ig|nqqh|h f}}~qn ig

}fsi{ifgn }i qisnqph|h ig pn%

qhglh; lh x~i$ cfen lhddn qn%

s|hg|i lf}}in n k~gifq s~i|n$ si

hssh}fqh id }i anddf lni }hgf%

qhei f``nq|i lhd Cfpf$ sfg|~f%

sheng|n h``hccih|f s~d jfd`f li

Gh}fdi' ^gh scngfjqhìh }qn%

s|h|h hgcon hddh }iscigh scf%

}nq|h n hddn he}in pn|qh|nlnddh shdh }nq dh cfdh{ifgn$ id

shdfgn Af~jhgpiddn$ cfg ~gh

d~ss~qnjjihg|n ìfqi|~qh ig|nqgh'

Dn lnj~s|h{ifgi cfg|ig~hgf

gnddh aqhssnqin n hd qis|fqhg|n

Shpigf$ }qf`~eh|f li }nscn

`qnscf n }hs|h `h||h ig chsh'

Efd|f h}}qn{{h|i hgcon id cng%

|qf angnssnqn n dh sfdhqn cfq|n%

sih lnd }nqsfghdn /pih qnjigh

Jifphggh >$ |nd' =?9 ?:>


82/135

OF|nd cnqp~s

@h' shlh & ah a``%Lfo

ph jfh sh 31

cO%:>== s' ef{

|' " == ==

@hx " == =8

`fMof%'o

zzz'of%'o

zzz'of|nd%cnqp~s'co

\ ^ \ \ F

I G I [ I H

HDD *OF\NDC N Q P ^ S

Cnqp~s /cnqpf)$ id qn lnddh efg|hjgh$ qh}}qnsng|h `fq{h$ ngnqjih$ chdeh n sic~qn{{h gnddh

gh|~qh' Jfln|npi dheaing|n ~gicf lnd gfs|qf of|nd$ si|~h|f ig ~gh {fgh |qhgx~iddissieh

n iliddich' Dof|nd f``qn chenqn eh|qiefgihdi s}h{ifsn$ eh hgcon s~i|n lh ~gh h |qn chenqn'

Gnddh }qf}qih }iscigh cfg sh~gh$ aif%sh~gh n ahjgf |~qcf pi }f|n|n qijngnqhqn n qidhsshqn'

Gnddh s|hjifgn ns|iph$ h }hq|iqn lh l~n }nqgf||heng|i$ sfgf igcd~si gni }qn{{i lnddh

chenqh i aijdin||i }nq jdi ie}ihg|i li qishdi|h lnddHd|h Ngjhligh$ cfs cfen i aijdin||i

lni en{{i }~aadici lnddHd|h Ngjhligh$ `igf hddh phd Aqnjhjdih n h Coihpnggh'


83/135

Cf~g|qy qndhis Dh|ichs|nddiQh}fdhgf \nqen /Si)

Nqn||f gnd _III sncfdf cfen chs|nd%

df$ fjji Dh|ichs|nddi ~g `hscigfsf

qndhis li che}hjgh$ cfddfch|f ig

cieh h ~gh cfddigh lh c~i si jfln

li ~gh s|qhaidihg|n pis|h s~ddh

che}hjgh sngnsn' ^gigcfg`fg%

liaidn h|efs`nqh enlinphdn }nqph%

ln fjgi heaing|n$ lhddn chenqn n

s~i|n hqqnlh|n cfg efaidi q~s|ici

li fqijign q~qhdn$ hddh s~jjns|iph

|hpnqgh qichph|h lhddn hg|icon

jqf||n$ lfpn hssh}fqhqn }ih||i

chsnqncci hccfe}hjgh|i lh ~gh

s}ncihdn sndn{ifgn li pigi |fschgi'

S}dnglilh dh }iscigh }hgfqheich

/dfchdi| Dh|ichs|nddi$ |nd' =>::

:1


84/135R ? 3 U

Hdanqjf Shg`ndicnCh}qi /Gh)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' :0'

Of|nd Dh Qnsilng{hCh}qi /Gh)

^g heaing|n nscd~sipf n snqpi%

{i li ch|njfqih s~}nqifqn$ }nq

~g sfjjifqgf ch}qnsn lnjgf

lnd s~f gfen; dhdanqjf lis}f%

gn li chenqn s|hglhql hqqnlh%

|n cfg s|idn$ eh hgcon li d~s%

s~fsn s|hg{n si|~h|n hd }ihgf

gfaidn$ cfg pis|h s~i @hqhjdifgi

n s~ddh cnq|fsh li Shg Jihcf%

ef' ]ih||i igiei|haidi$ is}iqh|i

hddhg|ich |qhli{ifgn dfchdn$ s`i%

dhgf gnddndnjhg|n cfqgicn lnd

qis|fqhg|n }hgfqheicf$ eng|qnqh``igh|i cfcb|hid n h}nqi|ipi

sfgf }qn}hqh|i }qnssf dhenqi%

chg ahq2 `f|f h }hj' ?< /pih

Snqngh 11$ |nd' =?8 ?3:=?33$

zzz'dhqnsilng{hch}qi'cfe)'

H~anqjn ln Dh EhisfgCf~qehyn~q /Hf)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' 0?'

Ehkns|ic Ef~g|higCohqen Of|nd

Ehlfggh li Che}ijdif /\g)Id |qhefg|f s~ddn Lfdfei|i$ hs%

sh}fqh|f lhddhd|f lnddh zndd%

gnss |nqqhcn cfg ~gh `d|n li

cohe}hjgn |qh dn li|h$ sfdf

~gf lni }qipidnji x~i cfgcnssi'

Dh sfg|~fsh f``nq|h angnssnqn

|qfph ncf gnddh `hscih |f} lnd%

dfs}i|hdi|$ hq|icfdh|h ig


85/135

Of|nd Cfpflni Shqhcngi]fsi|hgf /Sh)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' ?='

Of|nd DHgcfqh]fsi|hgf /Sh)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' ?='

Jhqlng ]hqb Of|nd]qh|f hddf S|ndpif /A{)

]qief of|nd h x~h||qf s|nddn li

]qh|f hddf S|ndpif$ igh~j~qh|f

h}}ngh gnd 1==0$ hs}iqh hl

h``nqehqsi cfen id gfg }d~s

~d|qh lnddfs}i|hdi| hdanqjoin%

qh' Dh eflnqgi| lnddh s|q~||~qh

hqcoi|n||fgich$ dh d~ss~fsh qh`%

ìgh|n{{h lnjdi ig|nqgi$ dh jhq%ah|h ndnjhg{h lnddn ìgi|~qn$ dh

ehjgiìcng{h lnd }hqcf s~

x~h||qf dipnddi; |~||f cfg|qia~i%

scn h `hqn lnd Jhqlng ]hqb

Of|nd ~g hgjfdf li }hqhlisf'

Dn sfq}qnglng|i qicn||n$ dh

}iscigh n dhqnh anh~|y & zndd%

gnss `hggf dh dfqf }hq|n /pih

]ign|h 3>h$ |nd' =:: :::

:3?3==$ zzz'pijghdn'i|)'

Piddh Che}fehjjifQhllh ig Coihg|i /Si)


Cf~g|qy qndhisDh|ichs|nddiQh}fdhgf \nqen /Si)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' ?1'

Of|nd SfggnganqjQif li ]~s|nqih /A{)


Of|nd ]hgfqhehDni|dof`Shg Chglilf /A{)

Lieng|ichqn df s|qnss x~i ~gh

eissifgn lhddnsi|f scfg|h|f$

jqh{in hddh snl~{ifgn li scnghqi

igcfg|heigh|i n hd qh`ìgh|f

cng|qf znddgnss' D~gipnqsflnddn cfccfdn si qi|qfph ig|h||f

hgcon gnddn chenqn con$ ndn%

jhg|i n hccfjding|i ìg lhddh

|i}fdfjih s|hglhql$ si hqqiccoi%

scfgf pih pih li ln||hjdi ìgf h

cfg|ne}dhqn$ hddig|nqgf lnddn

s~i|n$ ~g lndi{ifsf shdf||igf n$

gnddh Sfdn$ ~g jihqligf }qiph|f'

Gnddn s|~an ig dnjgf si qns}iqh

dh |i}ich h|efs`nqh s~l|iqfdnsn

/pih ]~s|nqih 19$ |nd' =


86/135

]fq|iddf ++++ Lnd~xn %Cohdn| & DfljnSndph li Phd Jhqlngh /A{)

Jns|i|f lhddh heijdih li Chqdf Sn%

gfgnq che}ifgn lnd efglf li

sci h ]fq|iddf gnd 00 n ciqcfglh%

|f lhd pnqln li Sndph li Phd Jhq%

lngh$ f``qn ~g heaing|n li cdhssn$

hqqnlh|f cfg j~s|f ig ~gf s|idn

con ~giscn id eflnqgf hd |qhli{if%

ghdn n con si lis|igj~n }nq d~sf

lnd dnjgf n li eh|nqihdi gh|~qhdi'

Lis}fgn li chenqn s}h{ifsn n

s~i|n ie}qn{ifsi|n lhddig|ieh {f%

gh sfjjifqgf n h``hccih|n s~jdi

scnghqi lnd Shssfd~gjf$ lnd Snddh

f lnd Ciq$ hqnh znddgnss n qis|fqhg%

|n li lndi{in qnjifghdi n ig|nq%

gh{ifghdi /pih Enis~dns 0>$ |nd'

=1=>$ zzz'}fq|iddf'i|)'

D F L J N k~gifq s~i|n n dfljn s~i|n lnddf cohdn|]fq|iddf si chqh||nqi{{hgf }nq d h c~qh lni ln||hjdin }nq id chdfqn lnd dnjgf ~|idi{{h|f }nq jdi hqqnli'


87/135R ? 0 U

Dh Cfddnjih|hShg Jieijghgf /Si)

Qieiqh |qhsfjghg|n dn |fqqi liShg Jieijghgf$ lhddhd|f li

~gh }iccfdh cfddigh$ x~ns|f d~s%

s~fsf of|nd qichph|f lh ~g cfg%

png|f cigx~ncng|nscf; s|fqicon

`hccih|n ig }in|qh$ ilqfehsshj%

jif hd }ihgf s~}nqifqn lnddh |fq%

qn f||fcng|nsch n ~g eflnqgf

cng|qf znddgnss |ns|iefgihgf id

qi~sci|f cfgg~aif `qh fs}i|hdi|

nscd~siph n |i}ich |qhli{ifgn

sngnsn' Dh }iscigh si ciqcfglhli ~g anddissief jihqligf li

qfsn$ eng|qn dhg|ich coinsh

fs}i|h h||~hdeng|n id qis|fqhg|n$

lfpn si }fssfgf j~s|hqn i }ih||i

}i cndnaqi n j~s|fsi lnddh~|ng%

|ich |qhli{ifgn |fschgh /dfchdi|

S|qhlh 1:$ |nd' =>:: 9


88/135R ? : U

Gfg c phchg{h con si qis}n|%

|i sng{h angnssnqn; dh {fgh

znddgnss h||qn{{h|h cfg }i%

scigh cf}nq|h$ sh~gh n ilqf%

ehsshjjif n h`ìhgch|h lhddh%

qnh anh~|y n ì|gnss /s|qhlh

Cihe}igi 1$ |nd' ='

S}fq|of|nd Jqhg Ahi|hSndph li Phd Jhqlngh /A{)

Pnli qncngsifgn x~i hcchg|f'

S}fq| & B~qof|nd AhlEffsSns|f /A{)

Pnli qncngsifgn h }hj' 8>='

Afqjf Scf}n|f QndhisPhjdihjdi li Chs|ndg~fpf

Anqhqlngjh /Si)

Phqchqn dh sfjdih li x~ns|f

`hscigfsf cfe}dnssf sijgiìch

ieenqjnqsi ig ~gh liengsifgn

li qh`ìgh|f cohqen lhg|hg$

h`ìlh|h h >? |qh chenqn n s~i|n'

Df``nq|h znddgnss ie}nqgih|hs~ddn l~n }iscign ns|nqgn n s~

~gh }qf}fs|h anh~|y con ~|idi{%

{h i }qflf||i lnddh |nqqh cfen

`fg|n li angnssnqn /dfchdi|

Afqjf Scf}n|f$ S|qhlh Cfe~%

ghdn 8


89/135

ZNDDGNSSZNDDGNSS

D N S ^ HL N G\ I h|efs`nqn li ~g angnssnqnsng{h cfe}qfenssi sfgf dh ci`qh lnddhdanqjf]hdh{{f lnd Ch}i|hgf /ig`f h }hj' 8=0)'

SFHPI

CFCCFDN]qnglnqsi c~qh li s$ qhddng|hqn n cfgcnlnqsi~gh }h~sh li }~qf qndhx$ `hcnglfsi pi{ihqn ~g }f;}nq qig`qhgchqn df s}iqi|f n qigpijfqiqn id cfq}f

gfg qns|h con `hq qiehqn angnssnqn n phchg{h

SFHPI

CFCCFDN]qnglnqsi c~qh li s$ qhddng|hqn n cfgcnlnqsi~gh }h~sh li }~qf qndhx$ `hcnglfsi pi{ihqn ~g }f;}nq qig`qhgchqn df s}iqi|f n qigpijfqiqn id cfq}fgfg qns|h con `hq qiehqn angnssnqn n phchg{h


90/135


91/135R 9= U

I|hdih

Dh Chccih|fqh Znddgnss& Anh~|y Of|ndHdah li Chgh{ni /\g)


Of|nd Jfdlngnq S|nqgChdlhqf s~ddh S|qhlh lnd Pigf

/A{)

]hlqfgn li chsh n qi`nqieng|fenlicf lnddf``nq|h znddgnss id lf||fq pfg S|n`ngnddi$ qn~eh%|fdfjf n coiqf}qh|icf }qf`ns%sifgis|h' @qh dn e~qh lnddhdanq%jf id qndh hss~en s`~eh|~qn}hq|icfdhqeng|n snl~cng|i$cfen x~nddh li ~g cfcb|hid

snqpi|f liqn||heng|n ig }iscigh$li ~g }iccfdf n iqqnsis|iaidnd~gco cfgs~eh|f ig |nqqh{{h fli ~gh }qnjih|h lnj~s|h{ifgnlni eijdifqi gn||hqi dfchdi$ }qns%sf dnscd~sipf zignahq f gnddh|qhli{ifghdn znigs|andn /pihOf`nq 1?$ |nd' =3$

zzz'jfdlngnq%s|nqg'i|)'

Of|nd ]hgfqhehChdlhqf s~ddh S|qhlh lnd Pigf

/A{)

^g cfe}dnssf hdanqjoinqf liqhqh anddn{{h; ~g ehjgi`icfjihqligf cfddnjh dof|nd ]h%gfqheh cfg id jhqgi Jnqhging%of`$ cfe}fs|f li ndnjhg|issi%

en s~i|n n l~n he}i h}}hq|h%eng|i2 |qh i l~n sfqjn piddhJihqligf$ cfg chenqn n s|~an'

Id jqhgln }hqcf fs}i|h l~n }i%scign n ~gh phsch cfg ilqf%ehsshjjif hqfeh|icf /pih]ngnjhd 18$ |nd' =$

zzz'o}hgfqheh'ig`f)'

Of|nd Hd|n EodnChe}f \~qns /A{)


Of|nd DhjfqhiQnsfq| & S}hChphdnsn /\g)

]~g|h li lihehg|n li x~ns|hie}fgng|n s|q~||~qh cnq|h%eng|n digchg|npfdn s}h$ li%s}fs|h s~ l~n }ihgi n hgieh|hlh ~gig`igi| li }ihcnpfdi |qh|%|heng|i `qh c~i id ahjgf |~qcf

cfg ph}fqi hd eng|fdf n dh}ifjjih |qf}ichdn' Ang 81 dn|i}fdfjin li chenqn$ ch}njjih%|n lhddh s~i|n Dhjfqhi$ lf|h|h lisf}}hdcf$ lf}}i snqpi{i ig ehq%ef n jqhgln ahdcfgn }hgfqh%eicf h``hccih|f s~ddh phd li@ineen' Qiccf a~``n| li }qf%lf||i gh|~qhdi hd eh||igf n cngnh ahsn li }ih||i |i}ici |qhli{if%ghdi n enli|nqqhgni /pih Phd li@fg|hgh 1$ |nd' =


92/135

Of|nd \npigiCfeen{{hl~qh /\g)

Gnd c~fqn lnddh phd li Sfdn$ ciq%cfglh|f lhddn pn||n lnddn Lfdfei|i

li Aqng|h$ dof|nd \npigi }qf}fgn~gh phchg{h `qh gh|~qh$ angnssnqnn s}fq|$ ~g sfjjifqgf ie}qn{ifsi|flhddf cohqen li heaing|i chdli nlndnjhg|i n lh ~gnccnddng|n c~ci%gh' Sfg|~fsh df``nq|h znddgnss &anh~|y$ cfg ~g }hccon||f li x~h|%|qf jifqgi n |qn gf||i h }ngsifgncfe}dn|h$ cfe}qngsipf li nsc~q%sifgn j~ilh|h$ ehsshjji n |qh||h%eng|i$ h }hq|iqn lh sfdi 11= n~qf/pih lnddh @hg|feh ?$ |nd' =


93/135

Of|nd \npigiCfeen{{hl~qh /\g)


]ign|h of|nds gh|~qnznddgnss qnsfq|Cfqnlf /\g)

Gnd 89>3 nqh ~g sne}dicn ahq%|qh||fqih$ fjji ~g piddhjjif%hd%anqjf cfg ang 8'1== en|qix~hlqh|i li angnssnqn; qnhdi{{h%|f sncfglf i cqi|nqi lnddh aifn%lidi{ih$ id }qief of|nd cnq|iì%ch|f Ncfdhand ig \qng|igf%Hd|fHlijn$ ig piq| lnjdi hd|i s|hg%lhql li x~hdi| heaing|hdn' Hijhqgi Zhdl n Bdnig si h`ìhgch%gf |qn ìhanscoi cohdn| ig dnjgf;

id qis|fqhg|n$ con }qf}fgn dns}ncihdi| lnddf con` Aq~gf$phg|h id ehqcoif li Fs|nqih \i%}ich \qng|igh n dh||ns|h|f Sdfz@ffl' ]nq id angnssnqn lndcfq}f id qnsfq|$ hssfcih|f hjdiof|nd Pi|hgfph \qng|igf$ lf|h%|f li ~gh eflnqgh s|q~||~qhcfg sh~gn$ ilqfehsshjjif chd%lf$ }iscigh$ pi|hd ahq$ }hdns|qh ns}h Onlfg /`qh{ifgn \hpfg$pih hd Shg|~hqif 8:$ |nd' =30?00$ zzz'}ign|hof|nds'i|)'

Of|nd HssfgLfg /\g)

Hddin|h|f lhd }qf`~ef lni endn%|i ig ìfqn n lhddn c~qn h``n||~fsnlni }hlqfgi li chsh$ dhdanqjfphg|h ~g qis|fqhg|n }hgfqheicflfpn j~s|hqn i cdhssici lnddh |qh%li{ifgn |qng|igh$ igsinen hddnLfdfei|i li Aqng|h n h anddn f%}nqn lhq|n' Id eflnqgf cng|qfangnssnqn id d~fjf ilnhdn }nq~g |~``f ig }iscigh$ }nq ~g ilqf%

ehsshjjif$ }nq cfgcnlnqsi dnchqn{{n lhddh chsch|h lhcx~hf sne}dicneng|n }nq ~gh sh~%gh f ~g ahjgf li ph}fqn' \qhdn }qf}fs|n lnddh anh~|y `hqecifccf|nqh}ih n pigf|nqh}ih /pihNglqici 0=$ |nd' =8=>$

zzz'hdanqjfhssfg'i|)'

S}d Of|nd Cohqen &QndhxDipijgf /Sf)


ZN D DG N S S

R 9 1 U


94/135

Dh Chccih|fqh Znddgnss& Anh~|y Of|ndHdah li Chgh{ni /\g)

X~ns|of|nd gfg sfdf ~gh en|hilnhdn }nq sfjjifqgi qidhsshg|i$ eh~gns}nqing{h con si sgflh |qh dn

|ng|h{ifgi li ~gh c~cigh lndich|h$con cfg|ne}dh |qhli{ifgn ei||n%dn~qf}nh n dhligh$ dh s~jjns|iphpisifgn lnddn pn||n lfdfei|icon n~g qi}fsf qijngnqhg|n h``ilh|f hchenqn cfg`fq|npfdi' ]nq ~gh qn%eisn ng `fqensng{h nj~hdi idcng|qf angnssnqn f``qn sh~gh |iqf%dnsn$ ahjgf |~qcf$ aifsh~gh$ chai%gh hqfeh|ich$ ilqfehsshjjif$ }i%scigh n sfdhqi~e cfg {fgh qndh/s|qnlh ln Cfg|qig 10$ |nd' =


95/135R 9 < U

Of|nd Hd|n EodnChe}f \~qns /A{)

F``qiqn |~||i i cfe`fq| li ~gjqhgln x~h||qf s|nddn sng{h li%eng|ichqn id phdfqn lnddfs}i|h%di| li `heijdih; nccf dh eis%

sifg con hgieh i Zfd`sjq~anqgnddh jns|ifgn lnddh dfqf s|q~|%|~qh' Hddof|nd Hd|n Eodn sidhpfqh cfd c~fqn }nqco c}hssifgn n cfqlihdi|$ si lie}fq|hg{h hd qh}}fq|f }nqsf%ghdn cfg dfs}i|n$ sne}qn hdcng|qf li h``n||~fsn h||ng{ifgi

lh }hq|n lni jns|fqi$ n si cnqchli cfs|q~iqn ~gh qndh{ifgnheichdn cfg |~||i' N cfs$ ig~gh jndilh snqh igpnqghdn$ ch%}i|h con }qf}qin|hqi n hppng|f%qi si qi|qfpigf li `qfg|n hd

`~fcf li ~g cheigf }nq anqnigsinen ~g aiccoinqigf li|qn}`ni$ dh |i}ich jqh}}h lnddhchsh h ahsn li `q~||h' Dn }qn%e~qn lnddh cfgl~{ifgn `hei%dihqn si qis}nccoihgf hgcongnddf``nq|h jhs|qfgfeich$ gnd%d~|idi{{f li }qflf||i aifdfjici

n gh|~qhdi$ gnddh }qn}hqh{ifgnli eng~ s}ncihdi }nq cndihci npnjn|hqihgi$ gnddh }qf}fs|h dh chq|n con }nqen||n li scn%jdinqn id }qf}qif }hs|f `qh 3:: ?99=1?$

zzz'}hdh{{flndch}i|hgf'cfe)'

Znddgnss cng|nqChshgfphShg X~iqicf lFqcih /Si)

^ghg|ich liefqh li che}h%jgh con f``qn sfdheng|n snqpi%{i li }qiefqlign$ |qh c~i hg%con |qh||heng|i gh|~qhdi h ahsnli pigf$ |hq|~`f$ qisf$ {~cch$shdn |nqehdn n hdjon fcnhgi%

con' H }fcoi en|qi lhd cfe%}dnssf$ qichph|f lh ~g chshdnl~ncng|nscf$ si |qfph Dh \hpnq%gh lnd Ahqahqfssh$ d~fjf eh%jicf lfpn ahgcon||hqn ig }nq%`n||h hddnjqih' ]fssiaidn hgconig|qh||ngnqsi cfg }hq|i|n li |ng%

gis$ chdcn||f f aidihqlf n~s~`q~iqn lnddh shdh dn||~qh/dfchdi| Chshgfph 0c$ |nd'

=>:: ?9?8::$ zzz'

qnsilngcnchshgfph'i|)'

Nxcndsifq Qnsfq|Shg Pijidif li Ehqnaan /A{)

X~ns|f eflnqgf nlng ~gf lni 3= eijdifqi hdanqjoiangnssnqn lnddHd|f Hlijn;hd qis~d|h|f cfg|qia~iscfgfcnq|heng|n dn }qndiah|n{{nlnd ehns|qf li c~cigh Qigfln Chglilf$ ~gf lni eijdifqi8== c~fcoi lI|hdih' ]hqhlisihchdf``nq|h lnd Chs|nddf li Lfdh%siddh$ h||qn{{h|f cng|qf angnssn%qn lisdfch|f s~ cigx~n }ihgi lis|~}n`hcng|n anddn{{h$ lfpnshd~|n n angnssnqn sfgf lncdi%

gh|i hgcon ig qfehg|icon }qf%}fs|n }nq cf}}in' Dh }hdns|qhcfg pis|h s~ddn Lfdfei|i ~g}ihcnpfdn igpi|f h ehg|ngnq siig `fqeh2 `f|f h }hj' 9? /pihPhdihqns


108/135

A HJ G F L I @ IN G F

hddof|nd S|' Pni|$ lfpn|~||i i |qh||heng|isi ahshgf s~dd~|idi{{fli }qflf||i gh|~qhdi'

Of|nd S|' Pni|

Sns|f /A{)

Ahs|h ng|qhqn ig x~ns|of|nd }nq

ch}iqn con id sfjgf li ~gh phchg%

{h con }nqen||h li scfqlhqn s|qnss

n |ngsifgi si }~ lhppnqf qnhdi{%

{hqn; hd S|' Pni| |~||f s|~lih|f

}nq jhqhg|iqn id angnssnqn li cfq%}f n eng|n' H||ipi| h cfg|h||f

cfg dh gh|~qh$ jng~igh c~cigh qn%

jifghdn n |qh||heng|i znddgnss h

ahsn li }qflf||i dfchdi lnddh |qhli%

{ifgn efg|hgh sfgf i ch}ishdli li

~gh `idfsf`ih `fglh|h s~d cfgcn||f

li Pi|hd}igh$ con si sfs|hg{ih hg%

con ig ~gh s}ncihdn h||ng{ifgn hd%

dh x~hdi| lnd sfggf$ jhqhg|i|h lhd%

dh scnd|h |qh lipnqsi |i}i li c~scigi

/pih N~qf}h 80$ |nd' =


109/135

COHQEN LHG\HGCOHQEN LHG\HG

D IGCHG\NPFDN s~i|n Chendih phg|h~g sf``i||f h pfd|n h``qnsch|n$ ~g hg|icfcheigf ig }in|qh cfg qh``ij~qh{ifgi h qidinpfn }qn{ifsi }hpieng|i ig ehifdicon li Pin|qi'

HAI\HQN

DH S\FQIHLiefqn ln}fch$ sfg|~fsn piddn$ chs|nddi nl ndnjhg|iqndhis qnhdi{{hgf id sfjgf li ~g sfjjifqgf qnjhdn$lfpn dh snl~{ifgn lnddhg|icf si s~adieh gnd `hscigfsng{h |ne}f li heaing|i lhddn }qigci}nscon h|efs`nqn

HAI\HQN

DH S\FQIHLiefqn ln}fch$ sfg|~fsn piddn$ chs|nddi nl ndnjhg|iqndhis qnhdi{{hgf id sfjgf li ~g sfjjifqgf qnjhdn$lfpn dh snl~{ifgn lnddhg|icf si s~adieh gnd `hscigfsng{h |ne}f li heaing|i lhddn }qigci}nscon h|efs`nqn


110/135

I\HDIH

Piddh CieaqfgnQhpnddf /Sh)

^ghg|ich liefqh hqis|fcqh|ich lnd_II sncfdf$ ig }hssh|f }~g|f liigcfg|qf |qh jdi igjdnsi lnddhCfs|inqh n hai|h|h lh ~gf cohqenli`ìcideng|n qn}dichaidn; dn s~n

s|hg{n s`fjjihgf lf|i li ndnjhg{hn }qiphcy con ohggf igchg|h|f}nqsigf Jqn|h Jhqaf$ cfg }hpi%eng|i pin|qnsi$ hqqnli ln}fch nsf`ì||i h``qnsch|i' Id |f~q lni jihqli%gi ~g |~``f hd c~fqn lf}f dhd|qf$~gf s~ |~||i id ahdcfgn gh|~qhdnhlfqgf li a~s|i sn||ncng|nscoi' Dncfd|~qn aifdfjicon lnddh piddhphggf h cfe}fqqn dn qh`ìgh|nlndi{in f``nq|n ig |hpfdh /pih Shg|hCoihqh 10$ |nd' =?9 ?>:9$

zzz'piddhcieaqfgn'cfe)'


111/135

SDFPNGIH

Hg|ix Of|ndD~aihgh

^g znnbngl li pnqf d~ssf$ f}%}~qn ~gh sfs|h lh``hqi$ ig ~gnscd~sipf }hdh{{f con fd|qn hddfcohqen h||ng|f hgcon hddh shd~%

|n lnddfs}i|n; phg|h ig`h||i ~g si%s|neh li }qf|n{ifgn cfg|qf dn qh%lih{ifgi n hqqnli ig eh|nqihdi hg|i%hddnqjici' Hdc~gn lnddn s~n chenqnsfgf }qfppis|n li |nqqh{{f f hc%cnssf igli}nglng|n hd jihqligfns|nqgf; lnddn l~n s|hglhql a~si%gnss$ ~gh h``hccih|h s~ }ih{{hJfqgki' Gfg ehgchgf l~n h}}hq%|heng|i `heidy$ li c~i ~gf si|~h|fhddh||icf$ n ~gh jqh{ifsh {fgh ahq/Jfqgki |qj 3$ |nd' ==3?0 8

0=$ zzz'hg|ixof|nd'si)'

CO HQE N L HG\HG


113/135R 8 8 1 U

I|hdih

Of|nd Shg@qhgcnscfHdjonqf /Ss)

Enefqih n s}iqi|~hdi|$ npf%ch|n lh ~gh s|q~||~qh ch}h%cn li ~giqn hqefgicheng|nJf|icf$ Qfehgicf n `fqenqighscieng|hdi$ qipipfgf igx~ns|f hdanqjf fs}i|h|f `qhdn e~qh enlinphdi lnd cfe}dns%sf li Shg @qhgcnscf$ id c~i hqqn%lf nssng{ihdn ang si cfg` hdcdieh lnd d~fjf' Hdc~gn chen%qn si h``hccihgf s~d coifs|qfqfehgicf qnjhdhglf scfqciligcfe}hqhaidn s~jjns|ifgn$

eng|qn hd x~h||qfcng|nscf}ihgf ig`nqifqn `hggf lh }hg%lhg|dn hqch|n sn||ncng|nsconlnd sncfglf }ihgf /pihEhqcoig 1$ |nd' =:9 9?=33=$

zzz'shg`qhgcnscfof|nd'cfe)'

Chsh Ehqihg|fgihHghch}qi /Gh)

^gh picnglh con h||qhpnqsh |~|%|f id 9==$ }~g|njjih|h lh idd~%s|qi }qnsng{n$ cfen Knhg%]h~d

Shq|qn n id }qigci}n Hg|fgif lnC~q|is$ enjdif gf|f cfen \f|$ji~s|f }nq ci|hqn hdc~gi lnjdifs}i|i s|qnjh|i lhd `hscigf liChsh Ehqihg|fgih; ie}fssiaidn$lnd qns|f$ gfg igghefqhqsi lix~ns|h `hpfdfsh qnsilng{h ln%

}fch ig }~qf s|idn ch}qnsn$lfpn id }qf`~ef lni diefgi hp%pfdjn dh jqhgln }iscigh ns|nqghn si }qf}hjh lfdcneng|n `qh dns|hg{n lh dn||f$ }qn{ifsi scqijgili qisnqph|n{{h' X~i si lnj~s|hid pnqf Diefgcnddf li Ch}qi; idehqcoif s|h|f qnjis|qh|f }qf%}qif lhddh `heijdih Chghdn2`f|f h }hj' 813 /pih Fqdhgli8?=$ |nd' =?8 ?3:1913$

zzz'chshehqihg|fgih'cfe)'

Of|nd Afqjf ChshAihgchHscihgf /Si)

Pnli qncngsifgn x~i hcchg|f'

Chs|nddf li ]n|qh|hHssisi /]j)

^ghg|ich `fq|n{{h lnd _IP sn%cfdf$ cfg ~gh qfehg|ich coin%sn||h con }hqn sfs}nsh |qh sf%jgf n qnhd|; lhppnqf `ihanschx~ns|h ehjich s|q~||~qh$ con}qf}fgn sis|neh{ifgi ~gh li%pnqsh lhddhd|qh$ s~i|n n chenqnie}qn{ifsi|n lh sfg|~fsi hqqnliln}fch$ |qhpi ig dnjgf$ }in|qh`hccih h pis|h n cfe}dn|n li~ghe}ih `igns|qh s}hdhgch|hs~ddh che}hjgh' S|qhfqlighqif

id }hgfqheh con si jfln

lhddh }iscigh igchs|fgh|h|qh scfjdi gh|~qhdi$ eng|qndh ehjih e~d|isngsfqihdnlnd cng|qf angnssnqn qisnqph|h hddn cf}}in /pih]n|qh|h$ |nd' =:> ?8>8$

zzz'chs|nddf}n|qh|h'cfe)'

]hqbof|nd D~ghAfd{hgf

Cfgfsci~|f gnd Enlifnpfcfen |hpnqgh Ehgsconig$x~ns|f of|nd s|h|f qichph|f

lh ~gh s|q~||~qh h}}hq|ngng|nlh fd|qn 1== hggi hddh `heijdihEhyq' Dn he}in shdn cfgjqns%si$ |ncgfdfjicheng|n h||qn{{h%|n$ gn `hggf id d~fjf hlh||f}nq enn|igj n qi~gifgi li dhpf%qf' ]nq`n{ifgh|f gnd cfe`fq|lh hggi li qns|h~qi$ cfgx~is|hhgcon cfg dn lndi{ifsn }qf}f%s|n lnddf con` Bhqd ^g|nqof`nq/pih ]ihpn 8>$ |nd' =0Of|nd KhqfdieAqnsshgfgn$ }hj' 880Qnsilng{h Id ]hdh{{fChs|ijdifgn lnd Dhjf$ }hj' 880Chs|nddf li \fqghgfJhifdn ig Coihg|i$ }hj' 880Of|nd Piddh Efg|njqhgnddiJ~aaif$ }hj' 880

]hdh{{f Ahdl~cciJ~aaif$ }hj' 880]hqb Of|nd Hi Ch}}~ccigiJ~aaif$ }hj' 88?Piddh li d~ssf Dh PiddhEhg|fph$ }hj' 88?Of|nd ZiglsfqEnqhgf$ }hj' 88?Of|nd Piddh ]hea~``n||iEfg|n`hdcf$ }hj' 88?

Fs|nqih lnd AfqjfEfg|n}~dcihgf$ }hj' 88?Of|nd HldnqGfph Dnphg|n$ }hj' 88?Jqhg Ahi|h Piddh Ei|{i]fssh li @hssh$ }hj' 818Chs|nddf li EflhgnddhQh}fdhgf \nqen$ }hj' 81=Of|nd JifqlhgfQhpnddf$ }hj' 818Piddh CieaqfgnQhpnddf$ }hj' 8=9Piddh Ehqih Qhpnddf$ }hj' 818

Of|nd Piddh DiggnfQfeh$ }hj' 818]hqbof|nd Sfdn ]hqhlisfShg Chglilf$ }hj' 889Dh Dfchglh lnd Chs|nddfShg Jifphggi lHssf$ }hj' 813Of|nd \scoigldof ShgEicondn H}}ihgf$ }hj' 811Of|nd Zfdbngs|nigSndph li Phd Jhqlngh$ }hj' 813

]hdh{{f Dn|i qnsilng{h ln}fchS}fdn|f$ }hj' 813Piddh @fschqigi QfssiS|qh$ }hj' 813Of|nd Hd ]fg|n Efcngijf

Pngn{ih$ }hj' 81>Of|nd Afgpnccoih|i

Pngn{ih$ }hj' 81>Of|nd Chsh Pnqhqlf

Pngn{ih$ }hj' 81>]hdh{{f @fg|hgh

Pngn{ih$ }hj' 81>Of|nd Piddh Ehah}hPngn{ih

Dilf$ }hj' 81>

SPI[[NQH

Of|nd S|he}hAqnjhjdih$ }hj' 81Of|nd Zhdloh~s

Sids$ }hj' 81>

SDFPNGIH

Hg|ix Of|ndD~aihgh$ }hj' 88=

CQFH[IH

Piddh \~||fqf||fQfpigk$ }hj' 81>

@QHGCIH

Co|nh~ ln Cohangn|Dn ]fg| Coq|ing$ }hj' 88:

I D C H S\ N DD F li ]n|qh|h ciqcfglh|f lh ~g }hqcf li 1=n||hqi cfe}qngsipf li }iscigh'


114/135R 8 8 3 U

Of|nd Afqjf ChshAihgchHscihgf /Si)

Q~s|ici| nl ndnjhg{h; f||iehfcchsifgn }nq }hlqfgnjjihqn

h}}ingf x~ns|f h``hscighg|naigfeif ~g }i||fqnscf afqjf|fschgf heaing|h|f h en| |qhdn Cqn|n Sngnsi n dh phd liCoihgh$ qi}fq|h|f h |~||f id s~fs}dnglfqn lh ~g hppnl~|fqns|h~qf con lhd cfe}dnssffqijighqif oh sh}~|f |qhqqn |qnchenqn n sni s~i|n li d~ssf$fd|qn con ~gh png|igh li }ihcn%pfdi h}}hq|heng|i' Dh qh``igh|hhccfjding{h lnddh sn||ncng|n%sch piddh }hlqfghdn sig|nssn li

}hq|icfdhqi lnccn{ifgn$ ig }qi%eisjdi h``qnscoi fqijighdi lndSn||ncng|f n lnddF||fcng|f$eng|qn id qnsilngcn scnjdin lilncdighqn dh }qf}qih fs}i|hdi|ig coihpn sx~isi|heng|n q~s|i%

ch$ qi}nqcfqqnglf |~||n dn s~j%jns|ifgi }i h~|ng|icon li~ghg|ich `h||fqih li che}h%jgh; sng{h }nqen||nqsi$ }nq$li |qhdhscihqn id gncnsshqif

cfe`fq|$ pis|f con fjgi h}}hq%|heng|f si lf|h li hgjfdf cf|%|~qh ang h||qn{{h|f$ fd|qn conli |ndnpisfqn sh|nddi|hqn$ hqihcfgli{ifgh|h n anddn }fqcnddh%gn' Li |~||f qis}n||f df scngh%qif ciqcfs|hg|n$ hllfdci|f lh~g }hgfqheh con s}h{ih lhipijgn|i lnddn cfddign li Efg%|hdcigf hd efg|n Cn|fgh$ lhddnCqn|n Sngnsi hd efg|n Heih|h$n con gnddn ieenlih|n pici%ghg{n lnd afqjf si hqqiccoiscn

hgcon li ~gh }iscigh scf}nq|h$~g che}f lh |nggis n ~g ndi%}fq|f h lis}fsi{ifgn lnjdi

fs}i|i' Id cfg|ns|f }nq haahg%lfghqsi hd }ihcnqn lni sngsi c|~||f$ n gfg h chsf dh c~cighqipns|n ~g q~fdf li }qief }ih%gf ig x~nd li Chsh Aihgch;

d~fjf lndn{ifgn lnddn jifinlnd }hdh|f id qis|fqhg|n \ighih$heaing|n chsnqnccif dn c~i sh%dn$ ah||n{{h|n lnd \fqcoif nlnddn Af||i$ cng|qhgf angn dig%|ng|f li |qh||ngnqn dn h|efs`nqnlnddhg|ich chg|igh' Eh }qn{if%si efeng|i li lnj~s|h{ifgn$qnsi s}ncihdi lh ~gh sndn{ifgnlni }i }qnjih|i }qflf||i |fsch%gi ig }hq|n hgcon li }qfl~%{ifgn }qf}qih |qh c~i `fqehj%ji$ `~gjoi$ fdif n shd~ei li

cig|h sngnsn$ si hccnglfgf lipfd|h ig pfd|h gni }i sphqih|ihgjfdi lnd afqjf$ `hcnglf lh

}qns~}}fs|f hgcon hi cfqsi lic~cigh fqjhgi{{h|i |qh i ensili h}qidn n licneaqn' Df sghcbahq h afqlf }iscigh f``qn dfc%chsifgn li cfgcnlnqsi qh}iln n

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Itinerari Travel 35 - parte1