INTRODUCTION:We adopted the definition of cloud computing from the NIST Special Publication, which defines Cloud Computing as:

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of

configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,

storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly

provisioned and released with minimal management effort or

service provider interaction.

Cloud computing is Internet based development and use of computer technology. In concept, it is a paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who no longer need knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them. It typically

CLOUD COMPUTING

involves the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a service over the Internet.

The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network diagrams and is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it conceals. Typical cloud computing services provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.

These services are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that is often used to represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams.

"Cloud Computing" refers to the use of Internet based computer technology for a variety of services. It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis, at a fraction of the cost of provisioning a

traditional Data Center based solution. All the costs associated with setting up a data center such as procuring a building, hardware, redundant power supply, cooling systems, upgrading electrical supply, and maintaining a separate Disaster Recovery site can be passed on to a third party vendor. Since the customer is charged only for computer services used, cloud computing costs are a fraction of traditional technology expenditures.

As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar cliché, but when combined with "computing," the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything we consume outside the firewall is "in the cloud," including conventional outsourcing.

Cloud computing comes into focus only when we think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.

HISTORY : The Cloud is a term that borrows from telephony. Up to the 1990s, data circuits (including those that carried Internet traffic) were hard-wired between destinations. Then, long-haul telephone companies began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) service for data communications. Telephone companies were able to offer VPN-based services with the same guaranteed bandwidth as fixed circuits at a lower cost because they could switch traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, thus utilizing their overall network bandwidth more effectively. As a result of this arrangement, it was impossible to determine in advance precisely which paths the traffic would be routed over. The term "telecom cloud" was used to describe this type of networking, and cloud computing is in concept somewhat similar.

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960, when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares characteristics with service bureaus that date back to the 1960s. In 1997, the first academic definition was provided by Ramnath K.

Chellappa who called it a computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits. The term cloud had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. By the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" began to appear more widely, although most of the focus at that time was limited to SaaS.

In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and their associates. They applied many technologies developed by companies such as Google and Yahoo! to business applications. They also provided the concepts of "on demand" or SaaS with their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is that it is customizable by customers with limited technical support required.

Business users have enthusiastically welcomed the resulting flexibility and speed.

In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept of SaaS through the development of web services. IBM detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto, which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms,

and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.

Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble, which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby, small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and easier, Amazon started providing access to their systems through Amazon Web Services on a utility computing basis in 2005.

In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them", and observed that" organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."

Common used measureable parameters (upon which the application is charged for):

● CPU Usage.

● External network usage (the amount of data transferred from and to the server).

● Data transactions (the # of transactions and the amount of data sent/received).

Clouds as a Services Supermarket

■ Amazon Web Services

■ Google

■ Facebook

■ Force.com

ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS:

Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services.

This closely resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs each doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic

counterparts. Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications access cloud applications. Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to applications or users.

Cloud Platform:

Cloud platform is a kind of platform that lets developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use services provided from the cloud, or both. Different names are used for this kind of platform today, including on-demand platform and platform as a service (PaaS).

Cloud Storage:

It’s a method of managing our data (files, photos, music, video, whatever, etc…) from one or more web based solutions. Rather than keeping our data primarily on hard drives that are tethered to our computers or other devices, we keep it “in the cloud” where it may be accessible from any number of devices.

Cloud Infrastructure:

Cloud Infrastructure is the concept of providing `hardware as a service` i.e. shared/reusable hardware for a specific time of service. Example includes virtualization, grid computing, and para virtualization. This service helps reduce maintenance and usability costs, considering the need for infrastructure management & upgrade.

Cloud Services

A Cloud Service is an independent piece of software which can be used

in conjunction with other services to achieve an interoperable

machine-to-machine interaction over the network. Examples include

Amazon’s Simple Queue Service, Google maps, Amazon’s flexible

payment service etc.

TYPES OF SERVICES:Cloud computing can describe services being provided at any of the traditional layers from hardware to applications. In practice, cloud service providers tend to offer services that can be grouped into three categories: software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service.

Software as a service (SaaS)

Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organizations. The most widely known example of SaaS is salesforce.com, though many other examples have come to market, including the Google Apps offering of basic business services including email and word processing. Although salesforce.com preceded the definition of cloud computing by a few years, it now operates by leveraging its companion force.com, which can be defined as a platform as a service.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a service encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as a service that can be used to build higher-level

services. There are at least two perspectives on PaaS depending on the perspective of the producer or consumer of the services:

• Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by integrating an OS, middleware, application software, and even a development environment that is then provided to a customer as a service.

• Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated service that is presented to them through an API. The customer interacts with the platform through the API, and the platform does what is necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given level of service. Virtual appliances can be classified as instances of PaaS. A content switch appliance, for example, would have all of its component software hidden from the customer, and only an API or GUI for configuring and deploying the service provided to them.

PaaS offerings can provide for every phase of software development and testing, or they can be specialized around a particular area such as content management. Commercial examples of PaaS include the Google Apps Engine, which serves applications on Google’s infrastructure.

PaaS services such as these can provide a powerful basis on which to deploy applications, however they may be constrained by the capabilities that the cloud provider chooses to deliver.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range from application components to high-performance computing applications. Commercial examples of IaaS include Joyent, whose main product is a line of virtualized servers that provide a highly available on-demand infrastructure.

CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE:

Cloud Infrastructure contains a platform that’s secure, reliable, and fast.

The cloud infrastructure beneath Force.com has been fine-tuned over the past 10 years. It powers nearly 60,000 businesses running more than 100,000 applications that 1.5+ million users count on every day.

● Multitenant kernel

Force.com is based on a multitenant architecture that makes it more secure, reliable, and elastic than just about anything else on the market. Nearly 60,000 customers run on a massively shared infrastructure, which creates economies of scale not possible with single-tenant applications, whether they’re hosted on premises or with an ASP.

● ISO 27001 certified security

Independent audits confirm that our security goes far beyond what most companies have been able to achieve on their own. Using the latest firewall protection, intrusion-detection systems, and SSL encryption, Force.com gives us the peace of mind only a world-class security infrastructure can provide.

● Proven, real-time scalability

With a subscriber base that has grown in the past 10 years to serve nearly 60,000 businesses, Force.com has proven its ability to scale. Force.com now processes more than 10 billion transactions per quarter, more than half of which are through the API.

● Real-time transparent system status

Success is built on trust. Trust.salesforce.com is the salesforce.com community’s home for real-time information on

system performance and security. Our trusted, secure, reliable infrastructure is the foundation of our platform. No other application or platform—cloud-based or on-premises—offers a comparable level of transparency.

● Real-time upgrades

All Force.com users are always on the latest version of our platform because everyone gets instant upgrades. Each time salesforce.com releases a new version of the application and the platform, the entire community can take advantage of the latest innovations from our product development team.

● Proven real-time integration

Force.com dramatically reduces the effort to integrate with either on-premises applications including Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, or other third-party solutions and external cloud services such as Amazon Web Services, Facebook, Google AppEngine, and Twitter.

● Real-time sandbox environments

Create sandbox copies of our environments for development, testing, and training without compromising the data and applications in our production environment. Sandboxes are completely isolated from our salesforce.com production

organization, so anything we do in our sandboxes will not affect our salesforce.com production application, and vice-versa.

● Salesforce to Salesforce

Salesforce to Salesforce makes it fast and easy to share data with our business partners. We can share lead, opportunity, account, contact, task, product, opportunity product, case, or custom object records with any partners that also use salesforce.com and get real-time updates on the shared data.

● Real-time query optimizer

Traditional database systems are built for single-tenant applications. We had to create a radically different design to support our multitenant system, which delivers under 300ms response time for 1.5+ million users from nearly 60,000

businesses.

● 3 global data centers & disaster recovery

Salesforce.com’s three state-of-the-art data centers feature carrier-class bandwidth and the latest infrastructure already configured to serve 1.5+ million subscribers. The facilities are linked through a dedicated OC-48 backbone, roviding real-time failover and point-to-multipoint replication as well as disk-to-disk-to-tape backups. They include biometric scanning, "lights

out" opaque cages, video and infrared surveillance, intrusion-detection scanning and security audits.

Analysts: Google cloud revenue hit $200M last

CLOUD COMPUTING AND ITS IMPACT ON GOOGLE

quarter and will keep expanding

Google’s cloud products took on $200 million in revenue last quarter, TBR analysts estimated. They see full speed ahead for adoption from developers and enterprises.

Google has been hitting the right notes to entice more developers, companies and enterprises to move workloads onto the Google Cloud Platform and Google Apps. Those two programs generated $200 million in the second quarter of 2013, up 195 percent year over year, according to an estimate in a Thursday analyst note, and should hit $885 million this year.

That annual number is partly attributable to the Google Cloud Platform getting wider adoption, but a majority of it will come from Google Apps, and that will be the case through 2014, according to analysts Michael Barba and Jillian Mirandi of TBR.

Looking out on the rest of 2013, Barba and Mirandi believe Google Compute Engine, the company’s Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), specifically stands to net still more adoption.

Even if the annual outlook is on point, Google cloud probably will still trail the biggest IaaS running today, Amazon Web Services, which is believed to be a $2 billion operation. But it should be said that Google is a fast-growing up-and-comer in the IaaS business.

We could get a better sense of Google’s progress when Barak Regev, head of the EMEA Cloud Platform at Google Enterprise, speaks at our Structure:Europe conference in London on Sept. 18.

It helps that Google has been taking steps to integrate Google Compute Engine with Google App Engine and other cloud services. The rise of technology and service partners and efforts on direct sales also make a difference. One initiative called out by name was the collaboration with Red Hat to enable on-premise App Engine deployments. Indeed, private Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a compelling option for enterprises, as David Linthicum noted in a GigaOM Research report (subscription required).

If Google wants to grow its cloud revenue further, it will need to invest further for hybrid and private deployments, Barba and Mirandi wrote. On the strictly public side, it’s a good thing the company has been spending more and more on infrastructure.

These efforts and others are critical if Google wants to play hard in the competitive IaaS market. Microsoft has been pushing forward with its IaaS, Windows Azure, although it’s difficult to pinpoint how much revenue it contributes to Microsoft’s top line. Executives neglected to call out an exact figure during the company’s Thursday earnings call, although Amy Hood, its newly installed chief financial officer, said more than half of the Fortune 500 use Azure.

Fortunately for Google and AWS, VMware has some challenges on its hands as it gets ready to roll out its IaaS option, the vCloud Hybrid Service.

Irrespective of how well Google can do in relation to its competitors, though, the use of shared infrastructure should keep growing — and expanding opportunities forcommodity hardware makers and other products and services. Because Google is there and because it knows how to operate at scale, it should be able to ride the wave just fine.

According to Forrester research as quoted by the Economist, the first category (IaaS) generated sales of approximately $1 billion in 2010 (Economist 2010). This category provides data storage, data management, and manipulation of large databases. Amazon is the dominant firm in this market, with a market share of 80%–90%. The second category (SaaS) generated revenues of $11.7 billion in 2010, while the third category (PaaS) generated $311 million in revenues. But these two categories are essentially part of the same market, since operating systems have virtually no stand-alone benefits and the value consumers place on operating systems increases in the number of compatible applications that run on the operating systems. Further, the dominant firms – Microsoft and Google – with (virtual) operating systems in this market provide most of the important in-house applications available (ie, office suites like Microsoft Office and Google Docs).

The revenues of the PaaS/SaaS market are expected to grow to $52 billion in 2020, while the revenues of the IaaS market will

only grow to $4 billion by 2020 (see The Economist 2010). This relatively small increase in revenues in the IaaS market is largely due to the fact that the cost of computer hardware (infrastructure) will continue to drop. This trend is similar to what happened in the personal computer market. Like the personal computer market, the IaaS market is characterised by relatively homogenous goods; hence it is likely that it will be subject to intense price competition and low profitability. In the PaaS/SaaS market, on the other hand, the products are potentially quite heterogeneous and we expect greater consumer loyalty.

GOOGLE APPS:Google Apps is a service from Google for using custom domain names with several Google products. It features several Web applications with similar functionality to traditional office suites, including: Gmail, Google Calendar, Talk, Docs and Sites.

The Standard Edition is free and offers the same amount of storage as regular Gmail accounts. The Premier Edition, which offers 25 GB of e-mail storage, is 50 USD, 40 EUR, or 33 GBP, per year, per account. The Education Edition, which is free, combines features from the Standard and Premier editions.

Google Apps are innovative tools provided by Google that can help small business firms, Non-Profit Organizations, Corporate houses and Educational institutions in their day to day functioning and also help to take the organization to the next level. Many schools and universities are already making use of Google Apps to facilitate better co-ordination among students, staff and faculty. For small business firms it helps improve collaboration and communication among employees and helps them work faster and more efficiently. Google helps non-profit organizations with its apps at no cost to allow them to function properly without being tied down by their limited means.

The Google Apps suite includes tools like Gmail, Gtalk, Google Docs, Google Calendar and the newly added Google sites. Gmail is a great tool for sending and receiving web mails in an instant from anywhere in the world. Gmail also offers a mail storage capacity of 25GB. This means we can store endless number of mails for a very long time. We can search our mails quicker when we are using Gtalk without having to ransack our entire mailbox. We can also search the web through our Gmail. Gmail also has spam filtering facilities. Spam Filtering ensures

that our inbox does not get choked by unwanted content. Gmail comes

with inbuilt chat and calendar also.

History:In February 2006, Google created Gmail For Your Domain with an invitation-only beta, which allowed Gmail to be used with a custom domain name. It featured 2GB of e-mail storage, and many of the standard Gmail features.

In August 2006, Google expanded on this service and developed Google

Apps for our Domain, incorporating more recent Google services, including Google Calendar, Google Talk, and Google Page Creator.

Later, Google added a "Start Page" to all accounts, which is based on their iGoogle service.

In October 2006, Google allowed educational institutions to sign-up for the service as well, which was retitled Google Apps for Education. A large implementation of Google Apps is at Lakehead University in Ontario, Canada, where 38,000 users have Gmail and in-browser IM capabilities.

On February 22, 2007, Google launched a Premier Edition for enterprise, as well as making registration public for all Google

Apps services. At the same time, all products were unified, and the online control panel was redesigned.

In June 2007, email migration from IMAP email services was added to Google Apps.

On October 3, 2007, Google announced that "security, compliance, policy management, and message recovery services" from recently-acquired Postini will be integrated into Google Apps Premier Edition.

On October 12, 2007, Google announced that e-mail storage for domains using Google Apps would be increasing. Premier Edition accounts now have 25GB of space each (previously 10GB). Standard and Education Edition accounts will mirror the Gmail counter (previously 2GB, over 7GB as of August 2008).

On February 28, 2008, Google announced that Google Sites will be available to domains hosted by Google Apps. Google Sites allows collaborative editing of web sites and permits users to upload images and videos to their site.

In September 2008 Google Page Creator and file up loader was removed as an available service for new Google Apps applicants.

On December 1, 2008, Google removed the Start Page option for new Google Apps accounts. They are apparently trying to transition new users to using sites instead.

On January 14, 2009, Google removed the ability to add additional users to Standard Edition domains and limited new standard edition domains to 50 users (a reduction from the previous 200).

On January 29 2009, Google added Google Apps to the Google Labs suite. This allows users to add gadgets to their inbox such as 'Offline', 'Tasks', and 'Vacation Time!'

On April 1 2009, Google added theme support to the mail interface On June 9 2009, Google introduced Google Apps Sync for Microsoft Outlook, enabling companies running Microsoft Exchange Server to migrate their email boxes from Exchange to Google Apps.

On July 7 2009, Google upgraded all of the services under Google Apps from 'Beta' status.

On Sept 15, 2009, Google announced that it will provide GovCloud, which will host Google Apps in a separate data environment with enhanced encryption for meeting state and government security standards.

Services by Google Apps• Google start Page – Google Apps are fully brandable. It helps us customize the look and feel of our Google page according to that of our company and replace Google logos with his

company’s logo. If we have our own web domain we will configure to make it compatible with Google Apps.

• Google Mail – Google Mail helps us integrate Gmail in to our webpage and create an infinite number of user accounts for our employees. With Gmail employees can send and receive mails, documents and files in an instant.

• Google Talk – Gtalk configured in our webpage to allow easy communication between our employees. It a low cost service and efficient service that is provided at Gtalk.

• Google Docs – Integrate Google Docs in our webpage to enhance Collaboration among our employees. It not only configures docs for us but also provides various security settings to help prevent leakage of critical information or data.

• Google Calendar - Get this useful Google app configured by us, to enable better and easier communication. With the help of this shared calendar system, all employees can be notified simultaneously about upcoming events, meetings and other important dates.

• Google sites - Google sites helps create web pages. Instead of doing it on our own we can let Google Apps create and publish web pages for us. All Google pages are fully brandable. It can brand our Google pages according to our guidelines and make them our organization’s web pages.

Give more for lessUsing the free Google Apps Education Edition, we can offer the latest technology while outsourcing the maintenance of servers to free up resources that would have been spent on licenses and upgrades.

1. Forget email quotas - with 7.2 GBs (and growing), everyone can choose how long they want to keep their mail.

2. Protect our campus with best in class spam and virus protection. Message security is also available at a 66% education discount.

3. Search our inbox, contacts, and chat conversations with the power of Google.

4. Receive mail from different email addresses with mail fetcher.

5. Customize our email and calendar with our own campus branding.

6. Zero advertising for any user for all products.

Integrated communications

With Google Apps Education Edition, we can have one solution that integrates email, chat, and scheduling.

1. Switch from email to voice or video chat right in our inbox.

2. Share calendars with anyone on campus - class or exam schedules, group meetings, or events.

3. Add a calendar entry while composing or reading an email.

Anywhere access

Many students and faculty use more than one device to communicate and organize. Whether it is a personal laptop, a media lab computer, or a mobile phone, Google Apps Education Edition has it covered.

1. No (hardware) strings attached: get all our mail, calendar, and chat from any computer or mobile device.

2. Receive SMS notifications for any event on our calendar.

Collaboration

Empower our campus with online website and document creation tools that offer real-time sharing and editing as well as worry-free compatibility. Google Apps Education Edition is free for academic institutions and includes a variety of tools to facilitate collaboration on campus.

Google Docs - Word processing, spreadsheets, forms, presentations, mobile access.

Google Sites - Team website creation with videos, images, gadgets, and documents integration.

Google Video - Securely share videos with our school - anyone can add comments, tags and ratings - with 10GB included free with every domain.

Across the board compatibility

Google Apps works no matter which operating systems or client software our students or faculties have.

1. Easily import or export traditional file formats into Google Apps Import a document export a document.

2. View our documents on the go with our web-enabled mobile device.

3. Publish files to the web for everywhere access.

Sharing made simple

With documents and sites hosted in the cloud, everyone can edit and view the same document.

1. Reduce email attachments by sharing documents on the web in real time without the hassle of version tracking share a document.

2. Set privacy levels to restrict who can edit or view documents

3. Build internal or external web sites collaboratively, unifying documents from Google Apps.

Infrastructure

With Google Apps Education Edition, we can provide communication and productivity applications without the hassle of software and hardware maintenance. The services are compatible with open standards and integrate readily into our existing IT system.

Private and secure - SAS Type I and Type II Certified.

APIs - Single sign-on, user provisioning and management, email migration, email routing controls, reporting API.

Customer Support - 24x7 phone and email support, user community forums, 99.9% uptime guaranteed.

Administrator tools - Centralized administrator console, use our school domain.

Seamless integration & deployment

Google Apps Education Edition supports open industry standards to help integrate & deploy Google Apps with our existing IT systems. Learn more about Google Apps APIs.

1. Keep it simple for our users with SAML-based Single Sign On.

2. Integration with Active Directory/LDAP/Directory Information Services to ease account management and provisioning using our APIs and directory sync tools: Google Apps Directory Sync or Google Apps LDAP sync.

3. Easy data migration with the Email Migration API and IMAP

Migration tool.

4. Configurable mail routing options through Google Apps Email Routing or an existing Email Gateway.

5. Google Sync automatically syncs contacts and calendar for blackberry, iPhone, Android phones, and more.

Google Apps For BusinessIf we want to make our business work faster and smoother but do not want to spend too much on expensive communication software then Google Apps is the solution for us. Not only do Google Apps have all the facilities that good communication software can provide us but also Google Apps are absolutely free. They will give our business the necessary push in the right direction and make communication and collaboration between our employees much easier and faster.

The Google Start Page is the convergence point of all users and employees. We can create our own Start Page and customize it with our company logos, colors and our own Google gadgets. All our employees will be logged on to this Start Page and can preview their mailbox, calendar and documents. Goggle Apps also provide SMP solutions and intranet facilities which enable we to share files, printers, ports and communication tools.

With Google apps we can give each one of our employees a custom mail address, a shared calendar and access to an intranet system. We can also give them tools for word processing, spreadsheets and making presentations. Google also provides us security and compliance services.

We can also customize our Start Page with our brands, color scheme and content.

Gmail

Gmail for business offers 25 GB of storage per user, powerful spam filtering, BlackBerry and Outlook interoperability, and a 99.9% uptime SLA.

● Email, IM, voice and video chat Each user gets 25 GB of email and IM storage (50 times the industry average).

● Anytime, anywhere access to our email Gmail is securely powered by the web, so we can be productive from our desk, on the road, at home and on our mobile phone, even when we're offline.

● Outlook and Blackberry interoperability Use other email interfaces we're familiar with until we're ready for the full Gmail experience.

● Search and find emails instantly Spend less time organizing email and find emails quickly with Google-powered search for our inbox.

● Get less spam

Google Calendars

Manage meetings online with Google Calendar. A web-based calendar application that enables employees to work together efficiently and helps minimize costs and IT hassles.

● Easily schedule appointments

Overlay multiple calendars to see when people are available. Google Calendar sends invitations and manages RSVPs.

● Integrate with our email system

Google Calendar is integrated into Gmail and interoperable with popular calendar applications.

● Share project calendars

Calendars can be shared company-wide or with select co-workers. A range of sharing permission controls help maintain security and privacy.

● Access with our mobile device

View and edit event details, add new events, and invite guests on mobile devices like the BlackBerry and iPhone. Even receive calendar notifications via SMS.

● Publish calendars

Publicize external company events by publishing a calendar to make it searchable in the Google Calendar gallery. Easily embed calendars into web pages.

Google Docs

Google Docs - online documents with real-time collaboration. Web-based documents, spreadsheets, and presentations that let users edit the same file at the same time so we always have the latest version.

● Anytime, anywhere access to our work

Google Docs is securely powered by the web, giving we the flexibility to be productive from our desk, on the road, at home and on our mobile phone, even when we're offline.

● Works across operating systems

Google Docs works in the browser on PC, Mac, and Linux computers, and supports popular formats such as .doc, .xls, .ppt, and .pdf.

● Secure access controls

Administrators can manage file sharing permissions system-wide, and document owners can share and revoke file access at any time.

Google Postini Services

Hosted security and archiving services for our business Keep our current email infrastructure and add email security and archiving services, powered by Postini. Our suite of services requires nothing to install or maintain, so we can focus on strategic activities that drive our business.

Email Security

Protect our email from spam and set content policies to stay compliant.

Email Archiving

Capture, store, and search messages in a hosted, centralized repository.

Web Security

Stop web-borne spyware and viruses in real-time before they infiltrate our network.

CONCLUSIONIn order to benefit the most from cloud computing, developers must be able to refactor their applications so that they can best use the architectural and deployment paradigms that cloud computing supports.

The benefits of deploying applications using cloud computing include reducing run time and response time, minimizing the risk of deploying physical infrastructure, lowering the cost of entry, and increasing the pace of innovation.

Reduce run time and response time

For applications that use the cloud essentially for running batch jobs, cloud computing makes it straightforward to use 1000 servers to accomplish a task in 1/1000 the time that a single server would require. The New York Times example cited previously is the perfect example of what is essentially a batch job whose run time was shortened considerably using the cloud.

Minimize infrastructure risk

IT organizations can use the cloud to reduce the risk inherent in purchasing physical servers. When pushing an application out to the cloud, scalability and the risk of purchasing too much or too little infrastructure becomes the cloud provider’s issue. In a growing number of cases, the cloud provider has such a massive

amount of infrastructure that it can absorb the growth and workload spikes of individual customers, reducing the financial risk they face.

Lower cost of entry

There are a number of attributes of cloud computing that help to reduce the cost to enter new markets:

• Because infrastructure is rented, not purchased, the cost is controlled, and the capital investment can be zero. In addition to the lower costs of purchasing compute cycles and storage “by the sip,” the massive scale of cloud providers helps to minimize cost, helping to further reduce the cost of entry.

Increased pace of innovation

Cloud computing can help to increase the pace of innovation. The low cost of entry to new markets helps to level the playing field, allowing start-up companies to deploy new products quickly and at low cost. This allows small companies to compete more effectively with traditional organizations whose deployment process in enterprise datacenters can be significantly longer.

References1. http://blog.monitis.com/index.php/2009/09/09/3-types-of-cloud-computing-services/

2. Cloud Computing: Clash of the clouds". The Economist. 2009-10-15.

3. http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14637206

4. Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing

5. Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business

6. Gruman, Galen (2008-04-07). "What cloud computing really means". InfoWorld.

7. http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality_1.html

8. The Internet Cloud

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce.com

10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Apps

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