ITEM 9.1...Nov 05, 2013 · Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth-Tree# 1-7 25-31 Hyde Park, Highgate -Aerial Photo 32 Hyde Park, Highgate - South-west Quadrant 33-34 ... pruning

IB

ORDINARY MEETING OF COUNCIL

5 November 2013

TABLED ITEM

ITEM 9.1.1

Bowden Tree Consultancy P.O. Box 499 SCARBOROUGH W.A. 6922

12th September 2013

Amanda Fox Planning Officer City of Vincent POBox 82 LEEDERVILLE W.A. 6902

Dear Amanda,

ABN: 51925884945 email: [email protected] Phone: 0438 936679

CITY OF VINCENT TREES OF SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT

Please find enclosed the results of the arboricultural assessment undertaken recently for the trees listed as part of the City of Vincent Trees of Significance Inventory.

Where recommendations for arboricultural work have been made, it is imperative that it is undertaken as per the Australian Standard 4373-2007: Pruning of Amenity Trees. It is also strongly advised that any arboricultural works be undertaken or supervised by a qualified arborist (AQF Level 3 in Arboriculture).

If you have any questions regarding the assessment or if I can be of service to you again in the future, please feel free to contact me.

Yours sincerely,

Brad Bowden Principal Bowden Tree Consultancy®

B.Sc. Sustainable Forestry ISA Certified Arborist - Municipal Specialist AU-0020AM

CITY OF VINCENT

Trees of Significance Inventory Assessment Report 2013 for the City ofVincent

Contents Page# Introduction & Scope of Report 3 Categories of Significance 3 Useful Life Expectancy & Methodology 4 Equipment & Site Investigations 4 Mabel Street, North Perth 5 Mary Street, Highgate 6 Axford Park, Mount Hawthorn -Aerial Photo 7 Axford Park, Mount Hawthorn 8 544 William Street, Highgate 9 Birdwood Square, Perth -Aerial Photo 10 Birdwood Square, Perth 11 Brigatti Gardens, Highgate -Aerial Photo 12 Brigatti Gardens, Highgate 13 Jack Marks Reserve, Highgate- Aerial Photo 14 Jack Marks Reserve, Highgate 15 Perth Oval Front Gates, Perth 16 Leederville TAFE Campus, Leederville -Aerial Photo 17 Leederville T AFE Campus, Leederville -Tree # 1-6 18-23 Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth- Aerial Photo 24 Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth- Tree# 1-7 25-31 Hyde Park, Highgate -Aerial Photo 32 Hyde Park, Highgate - South-west Quadrant 33-34 Hyde Park, Highgate- South-east Quadrant 35-36 Hyde Park, Highgate- North-east Quadrant 37-39 Hyde Park, Highgate- North-west Quadrant 40-41 Keith Frame Reserve, Leederville -Aerial Photo 42 Keith Frame Reserve, Leederville 43-44 Loton Park Tennis Club, Perth 45 Perth Oval Pier Street, Perth -Aerial Photo 46 Perth Oval Pier Street, Perth 47-49 Perth Oval Brewer Street, Perth - Aerial Photo 50 Perth Oval Brewer Street, Perth 51-52 Perth Oval Lord Street, Perth - Aerial Photo 53 Perth Oval Lord Street, Perth 54-55 Perth Oval Bulwer Street, Perth -Aerial Photo 56 Perth Oval Bulwer Street, Perth 57-58 Robertson Park Reserve, Highgate- Aerial Photo 59 Robertson Park Reserve, Highgate- Tree # 1-4 60-63 211 Brisbane Street, Northbridge 64 2 Brookman Street, Perth 65 47 Florence Street, North Perth 66 20 Gardiner Street, East Perth 67 136 London Street, Mount Hawthorn 68 128 Joel Terrace, Mount Lawley 69 Discussion 70-72 Guidance Note 73 Arboricultural Terminology 74 Literature Cited 75 Business Details & Author Qualifications 76 Limitation of Liability 76

© Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013 Page 2 of 77

Trees of Significance Inventory Assessment Report 2013 for the City of Vincent

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Scope of Report

1.2 The purpose of this report is to provide an arboricultural assessment of the tree health and structural condition with ensuing recommendations for the trees included in the City of Vincent Trees of Significance listing. The site visit and optical assessment was undertaken from ground level between the 2nd July and 26th August 2013 and was accurate at the time of inspection. No soil excavation or below ground inspection was undertaken unless specified. Viewing conditions were fine. This assessment formed part of the periodical assessment of the city's Tree of Significance.

1.3 Executive Summary

1.4 The Trees of Significance listing was comprised of 21 sites across the city, with trees at these sites located on street verges, parks and reserves, and also private property. It is recommended that the 21 sites maintain their listing as Trees of Significance, however with some modification for the coral trees (Erythrina x sykesii) in Mabel Street, North Perth. There are a number of trees at this site that are located beneath power lines and that possess a poorly-formed crown structure, attributable to previous deleterious topping to reduce the height of the trees. Consideration should be given to removal and replacement of such trees, whilst retaining the remaining trees to form part of the ' Group' category of significance. A lack of adequate tree protection during construction was evident at the Perth Oval.

1.5 Categories of Significance

1.6 Trees may be considered for inclusion in a significant tree register on the basis of one or more of the following categories of significance:

• Aesthetic - any tree of outstanding aesthetic quality. • Size - any tree outstanding for its large height, truck circumference or canopy spread. • Age - any tree that is particularly old or venerable. • Historical - any tree commemorating or associated with an important historical event. • Cultural -any tree associated with a well-known public figure or ethnic group. • Unique location - any tree which occurs in a unique location or situation or provides

an important contribution to the landscape, including remnant native vegetation, important landmarks, and tree which from part of an historic garden, park or town.

• Rare - any tree that is of a rare species or variety of very localized distribution. • Horticultural value - any tree which is of horticultural or genetic value and which

could be an important source of propagating stock. • Physical features - any tree which exhibits a curious growth form or physical feature

including unusually pruned forms. • Group - any group of avenue of trees conforming to any of the above criteria. • Habitat- any tree or group of trees making an important contribution as a habitat for

particular flora and fauna.

Note: Significant trees may be native, exotic, natural or cultivated. (National Trust, 2013)

© Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013 Page 3 of77


1. 7 Useful Life Expectancy

1.8 The useful life expectancy categories for significant trees as described by Barrell (2009), that is used by the British Standards Institute and is adopted by many local government authorities throughout Australia include: less than five years, 5-15 years, 15-40 years and greater than 40 years.

1.9 Methodology

1.10 The Project Brief provided by the City of Vincent listed 21 sites within the Trees of Significance Inventory. Where a site contained more than one tree a walkover assessment was used to identify structural defects and assess health condition. Assessment and recommendation for remedial works (if any) was prioritised by risk targets i.e. people, property and activities that could be injured, damaged or disrupted by a tree; and where multiple tree occur at a site, the frequency and intensity of use of the area. Where an individual tree assessment was undertaken the Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) method (Mattheck & Breloer, 1994) was used.

1.11 The structural condition ('Structure') for each tree or group of trees has been assessed using the following qualitative criteria:

• Good - generally free of structural defects • Fair - defects evident that may be typical for the species and age class, and

that could be corrected through remedial pruning • Poor - significant defects not likely to be corrected through remedial pruning

1.12 The vitality ('Health') for each tree or group of trees has been assessed using the following qualitative criteria:

• Good - consistent crown density and foliage colour, good shoot extension and an insignificant number of naturally-occurring internal dead branches

• Fair- crown condition that may representative for the species, satisfactory shoot extension and/ or minimal decline and dead branches

• Poor - poor shoot extension, sparse crown density and not likely to be corrected through improvement of site resources and plant nutrition.

1.13 Equipment

1.14 The arboricultural equipment used in this assessment included the following items:

• Trimble Juno GPS unit with Terrasync Software • Haglof electronic clinometer • Trimble laser distance meter • Spencer diameter tape • Apple iPhone 4S • Aerial imagery «=> TomTom, 2012

2.0 Site Investigations


Mabel Street, North Perth

Date Inspected: 16 July 2013


Species: coral tree (Erythrina x sykesii) x 64

Height: Age-class: Spread (N/S): Spread (E/W): DBH: Significance: Potential Targets: Target Occupancy: Most Significant Part: Structural Condition: Vitality: ULE:

9.9m Mature 10m 10m 72cm Group Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Regrowth Branches Fair Good 15-40 years

General Comments: Twenty-seven trees were observed on the northern verge of Mabel Street whilst 37 trees were observed on the southern verge area. Aerial electrical powerlines were evident on the north side between Charles Street and N orham Street, and on the south side between Norham Street and Fitzgerald Street. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree on the verge at HN91 and is indicative for the trees on site not located beneath powerlines.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level for the majority of trees on site. Whilst no pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed, cambial necrosis was evident at the root crown at HN14. Exposed and damaged roots were visible at HN28 and HN50, and are likely to be attributable to light and frequent irrigation resulting in a concentration of root development in the upper layers of the soil profile.

Trunk inspection: Previous deleterious pruning (topping) to reduce the height of most trees on site was evident and likely to have been undertaken to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines, subsequently compromising the structural integrity of such trees. Removal of foliage has also resulted in sun scald injury to the topside of branches within the crown of most trees. Bark inclusions were observed at the trunk basal area of the tree at HN4, whilst exposed sapwood was observed at the trunk basal area at HN43. Several large diameter pruning wounds were visible including the tree at HN91.

Crown inspection: Regrowth branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter and ~3m in length were observed on the trees west ofNorham Street and not beneath powerlines, whilst regrowth branches were evident on the trees east ofNorham Street and not beneath powerlines and were observed as ~200mm in diameter and ~5m in length. Failed branches were lodged with the lower crown of several trees including HN58.

Recommendations: Monitor the structural defects of the trees at the house numbers listed above, as well as encroaching foliage within the profile zone of the overhead powerlines. Consideration should be given to crown reduction pruning to alleviate the loading on the regrowth branches and/ or removal and replacement of compromised trees beneath powerlines in the medium term (2-5 years).


Mary Street, Highgate



Species: Hills weeping fig (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii)


21.8m Mature 15m 19m 80cm Group Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Regrowth Branches Fair Good 15-40 years

General Comments: Forty-seven trees were observed within the Mary Street streetscape. Previous aerial electrical powerlines were evidenced by the regrowth branch structure for the trees on the south side. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the northwesternmost tree at the comer of Mary Street and William Street and is indicative for the majority of trees on site.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level for the majority of trees on site. Whilst no pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed, a severed root was visible at the easternmost tree on the north side. Exposed and damaged roots were visible at several locations, typical for the species (buttressing) and when turf maintenance is undertaken. Recent kerb repair was also visible at several locations, with extent of root damage (if any) unknown.

Trunk inspection: Previous deleterious pruning (topping) to reduce the height of the trees on the south side was evident and is likely to have been undertaken to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. Removal of foliage has also resulted in sun scald injury to the topside of branches within the crown of several trees, both on the north side and the south side of the street.

Crown inspection: A regrowth crown structure was evident for the trees on the south side of Mary Street. Previous reduction pruning was also evident for trees on the north side to alleviate lateral branch encroachment beyond the property boundary, with several large diameter and deleterious pruning wounds visible. Minor dead branches of - 50mm in diameter were visible, whilst collision injury resulting from vehicular impact was observed within the lower crown of several trees overhanging the road.

Recommendations: Monitor the sunscald injury for the trees on the south side and the production of reparative tissue to close the wounds. Consideration should be given to minor crown lifting to improve clearance for high vehicles.



Axford Park, Scarborough Beach Road, Mount Hawthorn- Aerial Photo

Assessed Jlllltll!llllf!-... tree



Axford Park, Scarborough Beach Road, Mount Hawthorn

Date Inspected: 2 July 2013 Species: bunya pine (Araucaria heterophylla)


22.8m Mature lOrn 8m 94cm Size Pedestrian Occasional Third order branch Good Good >40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. Minor damage to the topside of several roots was evident, and is likely to have resulted from collision injury with turf maintenance machinery.

Trunk inspection: Whilst no significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible, abnormal swelling at the trunk basal area is likely to have resulted from the production of reparative tissue following previous collision injury. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observed.

Crown inspection: Dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was generally symmetric. The crown structure was well formed and typical for this species and age-class. A number of dead branches of ~50mm in diameter were observable internally within the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Monitor the production of cones and remove when observed.


544 William Street, Highgate



Species: lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora)


17.8m Mature 21m 26m llOcm Size Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Deadwood Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above grmmd level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was evident within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: Previous deleterious pruning (topping) to reduce the height of the tree to 5m above ground level was evident. No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible on the lower trunk section. Whilst cluster branch attachments were observed at the topping wounds, no cracking was evident and the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present.

Crown inspection: A regrowth crown structure was evident and attributable to the aforementioned topping. A number of dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter were visible throughout the crown of the tree. Vegetation on the south side of the tree was within the profile zone (2m) of the low voltage powerlines. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the large diameter dead branches from the crown of the tree. Consideration could be given to a Vegetation Control Agreement for foliage adjacent to the powerlines on the south side of the tree, or alternatively, reduction pruning to provide clearance.

© Bowden Tree Consultancy 201 3 Page 9 of 77

Trees of Significance Inventory Assessment Report 2013 fo r the City of Vincent

Birdwood Square, Beaufort Street, Perth- Aerial Photo

© Bowden Tree Consultancy 2 013

Assessed trees

Page 10 of77


Birdwood Square, Beaufort Street, Perth

Date Inspected: 15 July 2013 Species: plane tree (Platanus x acerifolius) x 11


23.8m Mature 22m 18m 114cm Group Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Fair 15-40 years

General Comments: Eleven plane trees were assessed within the Birdwood Square reserve and were sited on the northern and eastern boundaries. The previous removal of several trees was evidenced by gaps within the boundary plantings. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the north-westernmost tree at the comer of the reserve and is indicative for the mature plane trees on site.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed and the trees were located within mulched copse beds subsequently providing protection from turf maintenance machinery.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible on the lower trunk section. Whilst cluster branch attachments were observed within the lower crown of several trees, no cracking was evident and the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present.

Crown inspection: A number of dead branches of ~250mm in diameter were visible throughout the crown of several trees on site, with broken and lodged branches observed within the lower crown of the trees sited on the northern boundary. A rubbing and friction damaged branch was evident within the upper crown of the southernmost tree. Previous reduction pruning was evidenced by large branch stubs within the crown of several trees, which are likely to have been removed following a decline in vitality.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the large diameter dead, broken and damaged branches that overhang and/ or that have an orientation of fall towards the footpaths, park furniture and roads.



Brigatti Gardens, Corner Broome and Wright Streets, Highgate- Aerial Photo

© Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013

Assessed trees

Page 12 of 77


Brigatti Gardens, Corner Broome and Wright Streets, Highgate

Date Inspected: 15 July 2013 Species: plane tree (Platanus x acerifolius) x 10


30.lm Mature 24m 29m 111cm Group Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

General Comments: Ten plane trees were assessed within Brigatti Gardens and were sited on the northern and eastern boundaries. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the southernmost tree at the corner of the reserve and is indicative for the mature plane trees assessed on site.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed and the trees were located predominantly within groundcover copse beds subsequently providing protection from turf maintenance machinery.

Trunk inspection: Previous deleterious pruning (topping) to reduce the height of the trees to approximately 3m above ground level was evident. No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible on the lower trunk section. Whilst cluster branch attachments were observed at the topping wounds, no cracking was evident and the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present.

Crown inspection: A regrowth crown structure was evident and attributable to the aforementioned topping. A number of dead branches of ~200mm in diameter were visible throughout the crown of several trees, and included broken and lodged branches. A rubbing and friction damaged branch was evident within the middle crown within the second tree located from north-western corner of the reserve.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the large diameter dead, broken and damaged branches that overhang and/ or that have an orientation of fall towards the footpaths, park furniture and roads.



Jack Marks Reserve, Corner Broome and Wright Streets, Highgate- Aerial Photo


Assessed trees

Page 14of77


Jack Marks Reserve, Corner Broome and Wright Streets, Highgate

Date Inspected: 15 July 2013 Species: broad-leaved paperbark (Mela/euca quinquenervia) x 10


19.9m Mature 11m 8m 73cm Group Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

General Comments: Ten broad-leaved paperbark trees were assessed within Jack Marks reserve and were sited on the western boundary of the reserve. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the southernmost tree at the comer of the reserve and is indicative for the mature broad-leaved paperbark trees assessed on site.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed and the trees were located within mulched copse beds subsequently providing protection from turf maintenance machinery.

Trunk inspection: Whilst no significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible, several bark inclusions at acutely angled branch attachments were observed. No cracking was evident however and the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present.

Crown inspection: A number of dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter were visible throughout the crown of several trees, and included broken and lodged branches. Previous pruning was evidenced by several recent pruning wounds within the lower crown of several trees.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the large diameter dead, broken and damaged branches that overhang and/ or that have an orientation of fall towards the park furniture and roads.



Perth Oval Front Gates, Bulwer and Pier Streets, Perth

Date Inspected: 3 July 2013 Species: Canary Islands date palm (Phoenix canariensis) x 3


14.6m Mature 5m 6m 72cm Historical Pedestrians Occasional Dead fronds Good Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the root plate was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was evident.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. Several hollow frond bases at the upper trunk section were being used by avian fauna at time of assessment.

Crown inspection: Several rows of (lower) dead fronds were evident, typical for the species and age-class. Whilst dead fronds are shed as the frond base degrades the groundcover copse bed at the base of each tree is sufficient for discouraging pedestrian access and thereby reducing the target value adjacent to each tree.

Recommendations: No remedial pruning works are recommended at present.



Leederville TAFE Campus, Leederville - Aerial Photo



Leederville TAFE Campus, Leederville- Tree Number 1

Date Inspected: 3 July 2013 Species: lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora)


27.5m Mature 18m 15m 80cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots could not be determined due to fill soil atop the existing grade. Whilst no pathogenic fungal sporophores or ground heave was evident exudate was visible at the root crown and which is typical for the species growing in deoxygenated soils.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident on the upper trunk section. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachment was observable at the crown break. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of major asymmetry and attributable to reduction pruning to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. A number of dead branches of - 50mm in diameter were observable sporadically throughout the crown. Previous failure includes several dead branches of nominal diameter. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake further investigation at the root crown to determine causal agent responsible for the exudate and extent of fill soil atop the original soil grade.






25.9m Mature 17m 16m 9lcm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots could not be determined due to fill soil atop the existing grade. Whilst no pathogenic fungal sporophores or ground heave was evident exudate was visible at the root crown and which is typical for the species growing in deoxygenated soils.


Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of major asymmetry and attributable to reduction pruning to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. Several dead branches of ~250mm in diameter were observable sporadically throughout the crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the large dead branches from the crown of the tree.

©Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013 Page 19 of77





21.4m Mature 17m 12m 7lcm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was visible. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observed within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident on the upper trunk section. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachment was observable at the crown break. Wmmdwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of major asymmetry and attributable to reduction pruning to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. A broken branch of - 50mm in diameter was lodged within the lower crown, whilst a wound was visible on the topside of a first order branch within the lower crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal .

Recommendations: Consider further investigation of the branch wound within the lower crown and removal of the broken and lodged branch.




Date Inspected: 3 July 2013 Species: spotted gum (Corymbia maculata)


35.7m Mature 10m 15m 89cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years



Crown inspection: Dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry and attributable to reduction pruning to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. A number of dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter were evident within the crown of the tree, whilst a broken and lodged branch was visible within the lower crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal .

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead and broken branches from the crown of the tree.



LeederviJie TAFE Campus, LeederviJie- Tree Number 5



25.5m Mature lOrn 24m 88cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or grmmd heave was visible. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observed within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was evident on the upper trunk section. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachment was observable at the crown break. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of major asymmetry and attributable to reduction pruning to provide clearance from the overhead powerlines. A number of dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter were evident within the crown of the tree, whilst numerous rubbing branches were visible throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead branches from the crown of the tree. Consideration should also be given to inspecting the rubbing branches for friction damage whilst performing above ground remedial works.




Date Inspected: 3 July 2013 Species: spotted gum (Corymbia maculata)

Height: Age-class: Spread (N/S): Spread (EIW): DBH: Significance: Potential Targets: Target Occupancy: Most Significant Part: Structural Condition: Vitality: ULE:

35.5m Mature 16m 12m 76cm Group Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Good Good > 40 years


Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was evident on the upper trunk section. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observable at the crown break. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was generally symmetric. A number of dead branches of - 50mm in diameter were evident throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Consider deadwooding to remove the dead and broken branches from the crown of the tree.



Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth - Aerial Photo



Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth- Tree Number 1

Date Inspected: 2 July 2013 Species: bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii)

Height: 28.7m Age-class: Mature Spread (N/S): 11m Spread (E/W): 13m DBH: 98cm Significance: Size Potential Targets: Pedestrians Target Occupancy: Occasional Most Significant Part: Cones Structural Condition: Fair Vitality: Good ULE: > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observed within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was visible. Bifurcation of the main stem was evident within the upper crown of the tree, with a structurally compromised included bark defect probable at the attachment.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was not considered well formed attributable to the aforementioned stem bifurcation. A number of dead branches of approximately 50mm in diameter were observable within the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.







26.9m Mature 12m 13m 94cm Size Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years


Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was visible. Bifurcation of the main stem was evident within the lower crown of the tree, with a structurally compromised included bark defect probable at the attachment.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was not considered well formed attributable to the aforementioned stem bifurcation. A num her of broken and dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter were observable throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the broken branches. Monitor the production of cones and remove when observed.





Height: 26.9m Age-class: Mature Spread (N/S): 17m Spread (E/W): 13m DBH: 115cm Significance: Size Potential Targets: Pedestrians Target Occupancy: Occasional Most Significant Part: Cones Structural Condition: Good Vitality: Good ULE: > 40 years


Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observed.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well formed with a number of naturally occurring dead branches of <50mm in diameter observable throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.






Height: 24.3m Age-class: Mature Spread (N/S): 13m Spread (E/W): 13m DBH: 95cm Significance: Size Potential Targets: Pedestrians Target Occupancy: Occasional Most Significant Part: Cones Structural Condition: Good Vitality: Good ULE: > 40 years



Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well formed with a number of naturally occurring dead branches of <50mm in diameter observable throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.







26.8m Mature lOrn 11m 94cm Size Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Cones Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. Whilst no recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observed within the structural root zone of the tree, compaction of soil is probable as part of carpark construction.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible. Bifurcation of the main stem was evident within the middle crown of the tree, with a structurally compromised included bark defect probable at the attachment.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was not considered well formed attributable to the aforementioned stem bifurcation. A number of dead branches of approximately 50mm in diameter were observable within the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.




Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth -Tree Number 6

Date Inspected: 2 July 2013 Species: Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

Height: 27.0m Age-class: Mature Spread (N/S): lim Spread (EIW): 9m DBH: 83cm Significance: Size Potential Targets: Pedestrians Target Occupancy: Occasional Most Significant Part: Cones Structural Condition: Good Vitality: Good ULE: > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. Recent excavation was evident and further investigation would be required to determine structural root damage (if any) and disturbance to the absorptive roots.


Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well formed with a number of naturally occurring dead branches of ~50mm in diameter observable throughout the crown ofthe tree. Excessive removal of the branch whorls within the lower crown has resulted in a high centre of mass and may result in the commencement of a decline spiral attributable to loss of photosynthetic material. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Monitor the production of cones and remove when observed. Consider the addition of slow release organic fertilisers to improve tree vitality.

© Bow d en Tree Consultancy 2013 Page 30 of 77





25.7m Mature 14m 17m 95cm Size Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Cones Good Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots 'was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing visible. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. Recent excavation was observed within the structural root zone of the tree and compaction of soil is probable as part of the car park construction.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was visible. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observed.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well formed with a number of naturally occurring dead branches of <50mm in diameter observable throughout the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal .




Hyde Park, Highgate - Aerial Photo

©Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013 Page 32 of 77


Hyde Park, Highgate- South-west Quadrant

Date Inspected: 26 August 2013 Species: Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla)


24.9m Mature 33m 38m 24lcm Group Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The south-west quadrant of Hyde Park consisted of a range of mixed species, both native and exotic, and age-classes semi-mature to mature. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as ' T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below within the quadrant however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, playgrounds, car parking and areas of park furniture i.e. bins, benches and BBQs frequented by park users. The walkover assessment commenced at the western boundary and progressed in an easterly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - abovementioned tree, dead and broken

branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath -undertake deadwooding

2. Platanus x acerifolius (plane tree) - dead branches of ~100mm in diameter overhanging lake footpath - undertake deadwooding

3. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - adjacent to the road and opposite the laneway entrance, large diameter dead branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

4. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - broken, lodged and seasoned dead branches of ~150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

5. Pinus halepensis (lone pine) x 2 - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

6. P inus canariensis (Canary Islands pine)- dead branches of ~100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

7. Agonis jlexuosa (W A weeping peppermint) - numerous fungal sporophores evident however no permanent structures within dripline- monitor

8. Pinus halepensis (lone pine) - located opposite 57 Glendower, vegetation within profile zone of HV powerlines - consider reduction pruning



9. Erythrina x sykesii (coral tree) - broken first order branch - consider selective prunmg

10. Lophostemon confertus (Queensland brush box)- dead branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the water fountain - undertake deadwooding

© Bowden Tree Consultan cy 2013 Page 34 of 77


Hyde Park, Highgate - South-east Quadrant

Date Inspected: 26 August 2013 Species: camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphor)


20.6m Mature 33m 40m 142cm Group Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The south-east quadrant of Hyde Park consisted of a range of mixed species, both native and exotic, and age-classes semi-mature to mature. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below within the quadrant however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, playgrounds, car parking and areas of park furniture i.e. bins, benches and BBQs frequented by park users. The walkover assessment commenced at the western boundary of the quadrant and progressed in an easterly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - abovementioned tree, dead and broken

branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the playground -undertake deadwooding

2. Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) - avenue plantings at south-east entrance, dead, broken and lodged branches of ~ 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

3. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - south side of east path junction, large diameter dead branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

4. Quercus robur (English oak) - south-west side of works depot, large cavity within structural branch extending north-east, bees within cavity in upper crown - undertake further investigation

5. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - west side of toilet block, dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

6. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - east side of stage area, large diameter dead branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath -undertake deadwooding

7. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) x 2 - west of storm water drain, large diameter dead broken and seasoned branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding



8. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - path west of storm water drain, dead, broken and lodged branches of ~200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

9. Corymbia maculata (spotted gum)- tree leaning south-east towards footpath and with trunk basal degradation evident - undertake further investigation

1 0. Quercus robur (English oak) - degradation evident at the trunk basal area- undertake further investigation

11. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- eastern boundary opposite 510 William Street, previously topped with previous branch failures evident- monitor



Hyde Park, Highgate- North-east Quadrant

Date Inspected: 26 August 2013 Species: Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophyl/a)


22.3m Mature 39m 39m 262cm Group Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The north-east quadrant of Hyde Park consisted of a range of mixed species, both native and exotic, and age-classes semi-mature to senescent. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below within the quadrant however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, playgrounds, car parking and areas of park furniture i.e. bins, benches and BBQs frequented by park users. The walkover assessment commenced at the eastern boundary (opposite Chatswood Road) path entrance and progressed in a westerly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - abovementioned tree, dead and broken

branches evident however no permanent structures visible within dripline - no work required

2. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

3. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel)- numerous dead branches of ~200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath undertake deadwooding

4. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) x 2- numerous dead branches of ~200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath; bees within nest box - undertake deadwooding

5. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - east of path intersection, dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

6. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead and broken branches of ~ 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath -undertake deadwooding

7. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of ~250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, wounds on topside of branches- undertake deadwooding and inspect wounds



8. Quercus robur (English oak) - dead branches of - 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

9. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

10.Lophostemon confertus (Queensland brush box)- dead branches of - 100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath -lllldertake deadwooding

11. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

12. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel)- dead branches of - 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake dead wooding

13. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- dead branches of - 200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

14. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - patli entrance offYincent Street opposite Hyde Stree , dead branches of - 250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation_ offal towards the footpa - w1dertake deadwooding

15. Lophostemon confertus (Queensland brush box)- dead branches of - 100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath -undertake deadwooding

16. EzLcalyptus marginata Garrah) - dry land grove, dead stems- monitor 17. C innamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - west of path intersection, dead branches of

- 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

18. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - west of path intersection, dead branches of - 200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

19. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- dead branches of - 250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake dead wooding

20. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - west of path intersection, dead branches of - 200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

21. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- dead branches of - 250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake dead wooding

22. Ficusmacrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - path heading north-west tO\\'ants Vincent Street, dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, severed buttress roots on east side - undertake dead wooding and monitor roots for development of wood decay

23. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

24. Pinus canariensis (Canary Islands pine)- opposite Norfolk Street path entrance, trunk bifurcation evident at 2m above ground level - monitor for radial separation



25. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) -dead and broken branches of ~250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpathundertake deadwooding



Hyde Park, Highgate- North-west Quadrant

Date Inspected: 26 August 2013 Species: camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphor)

Height: Age-class: Spread (N/S): Spread (E/W): DBH: Significance-: Potential Targets: Target Occupancy: Most Significant Part: Structural Condition: Vitality: ULE:

23.0m Mature 37m 36m 168cm Group Pedestrians Occasional Regrowth branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The north-west quadrant of Hyde Park consisted of a range of mixed species, both native and exotic, and age-classes semi-mature to mature. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as ' T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below within the quadrant however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, playgrounds, car parking and areas of park furniture i.e. bins, benches and BBQs frequented by park users. The walkover assessment commenced at the path at the heart-shaped raised garden bed and progressed in a westerly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - abovementioned tree, several lopped

branches within the lower crown, informal path within the dripline on the north and west side - no work required

2. P fat anus x acerifolius (plane tree) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

3. P fat anus x acerifolius (plane tree) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake dead wooding

4. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - at bike chess board, dead branches of ~250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

5. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding

6. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead branches of ~200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath - undertake deadwooding



7. Ceratonia siliqua (carob)- several tearout wounds evident on the topside of structural branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the bin - consider relocating bin to outside drip line of tree

8. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - west of toilet block, dead branches of - 250mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the toilet block entrances and playground footpath -undertake deadwooding



Keith Frame Reserve, Leederville -Aerial Photo


Assessed trees

Page 42 of 77

Keith Frame Reserve, Leederville

Date Inspected: 23 August 2013


Species: jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)


17.8m Mature 12m 13m 68cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The Keith Frame Reserve and the Loftus Centre car park immediately to the west consisted predominantly of mature jarrah trees. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, playgrounds, car parking and areas of park furniture i.e. bins and benches frequented by park users. The walkover assessment commenced at the southern section (adjacent to Vincent Street) of the reserve and progressed in a northerly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah)- abovementioned tree western boundary of reserve

and overhanging motorcycle parking bays within car park, dead broken and lodged branches of ~100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the parking bays - undertake deadwooding

2. E. marginata (jarrah)- southern section of reserve with several trees overhanging footpaths and benches, dead branches of~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the benches - undertake deadwooding

3. E. marginata (jarrah) - trees located within raised garden beds within car park and adjacent building, dead branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the paths and parked vehicles - undertake deadwooding and monitor for wood decay at the trunk basal areas

4. E. marginata (jarrah) x 2- trees overhanging Loftus Street north bound road and slip lane, dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

5. E. marginata (jarrah) x 2- trees overhanging the Loftus Centre car park entrance off Loftus Street as well as the benches and paths, dead branches of~ 1 OOmm in diameter

overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road, benches and paths -undertake deadwooding




Loton Park Tennis Centre, Perth



Species: coast tea tree (Leptospermum /aevigatum)


5m Mature 2m 28m 30cm Historical Pedestrians Rare Trunk Fair Good 15-40 years

General Comments: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. The hedge was located on the southern side of the tennis court fence. Previous removal and replacement planting was visible at the western section of the hedgerow. Regular reduction pruning has previously been undertaken to maintain the height of the hedgerow as well as the distance from the fencing.

Recommendations: No work required at present. Maintain frequent light pruning where required and avoid 'hard' pruning that creates large pruning wounds as this has the potential to initiate a decline spiral.


Trees of Significance Inventory Assessment Report 20 13 fo r the City of Vincent

Perth Oval, Pier Street, Perth - Aerial Photo

© Bowden Tree Consultan cy 2 013

Assessed trees

Page 46 of 77

Perth Oval, Pier Street, Perth



Species: Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla)


23 .9m Mature 18m 35m 163cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

General Comments: The Pier Street frontage on the west side of Perth Oval consisted of21 mature trees of mixed species that were located between the oval fence and the road kerb. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, car parking and street furniture i.e . bins and benches frequented by pedestrians. The walkover assessment commenced at the northern section (adjacent to the oval entrance) and progressed in a southerly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Phoenix canariensis (Canary Islands date palm) - suppressed on south side- no work

required 2. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- dead broken and lodged branches overhanging

and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays -undertake deadwooding

3. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - abovementioned tree and located third from the north, dead broken and lodged branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays; minor root decay evident -undertake deadwooding

4. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- dead broken and lodged branches of ~100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

5. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - broken structural root on north side, dead broken and lodged branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

6. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead broken and lodged branches of~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding



7. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - suppressed- no work required

8. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- extensive longitudinal wood decay columns evident, large diameter dead branches visible - undertake further investigation using sonic tomography to evaluate extent of internal wood decay; undertake deadwooding

9. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - extensive longitudinal wood decay columns evident, large diameter dead branches visible -undertake further investigation using sonic tomography to evaluate extent of internal wood decay; undertake deadwooding

10. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - several lopped branches evident, dead broken and lodged branches of -1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake dead wooding

11. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead broken and lodged branches of -1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

12. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- dominant species- no work required 13. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- root damage evident on west side of tree,

several previously removed structural branches has resulted in large diameter pruning wounds - monitor for development of wood decay

14. Phoenix canariensis (Canary Islands date palm) - spent inflorescences on ground 15. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - fill soil evident, dead broken and lodged

branches overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

16. Quercus robur (English oak)- dead and degraded branches overhanging and/ or with

an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

17. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - suppressed south side - no work required 18. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - several minor rubbing branches evident

monitor friction damage 19. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- several previously removed structural branches

within the lower crown has resulted in large diameter pruning wounds - monitor for development of wood decay

20. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- dead broken and lodged branches overhanging

and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays -undertake deadwooding

21. Quercus robur (English oak) - low vitality tree in decline - monitor





Perth Oval, Brewer Street, Perth -Aerial Photo


Assessed trees

Page 50 of77

Perth Oval, Brewer Street, Perth





24.8m Mature 29m 34m 210cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

General Comments: The Brewer Street frontage on the south side of Perth Oval consisted of 10 mature trees of mixed species that were located within a raised planter bed between the oval fence and the road kerb. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below however should be prioritised by target value i .e. busy locations such as footpaths, car parking and street furniture i.e. bins and benches frequented by pedestrians. The walkover assessment commenced at the western section and progressed in a easterly ·direction.

Recommendations: 1. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - recent construction activity evident, dead

broken and lodged branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

2. Platanus x acerifolius (plane tree) - large diameter dead branches overhanging and/

or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

3. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - no work required 4. Platanus x acerifolius (plane tree)- dead branches of ~100mm in diameter

overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

5. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - several fused and rubbing branches, damaged roots and fill soil on north side - monitor friction damage

6. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

7. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding



8. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- suppressed and low vitality, dead branches of

- 150mm in diameter overhanging and! or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding

9. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - dead branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging garden therefore considered a low risk rating - monitor

10. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - several rubbing and friction damaged branches, dead branches of -1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath, road and parking bays - undertake deadwooding and monitor friction damage


Trees of Significance Inventory Assessment Report 2013 fo r the City of Vincent

Perth Oval, Lord Street, Perth -Aerial Photo


Assessed t rees

Page 53 of 77

Perth Oval, Lord Street, Perth




Height: Age-class: Spread (N/S): Spread (E/W): DBH: Significance: Potential Targets: Target Occupancy: Most Significant Part: Structural Condition: Vitality:

16.9m Mature 21m 22m 130cm Group Pedestrians, Vehicles Frequent Dead branches Good Good

General Comments: The Lord Street frontage on the east side of Perth Oval consisted of nine mature trees of mixed species that were located between the turf area and the road kerb. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, vehicular traffic and street furniture i.e. bins and benches frequented by pedestrians. The walkover assessment commenced at the southern section (intersection with Brewer Street) and progressed in a northerly direction.

Recommendations: 1. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - several rubbing and damaged branches, dead

branches of ~200mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath and road - undertake deadwooding and inspect friction damaged branches and undertake removal of subordinate branches where required

2. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - numerous recent branch failures, dead broken and lodged branches of ~ 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath and road - undertake deadwooding

3. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - damaged branch overhanging road, dead broken and lodged branches of~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding and inspect damaged

branch 4. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig)- dead branches of ~100mm in diameter

overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the footpath and road -undertake deadwooding

5. Platanus x acerifolius (plane tree) - recent construction on west side, dead branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

6. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - damaged roots on west side of tree, dead broken and lodged branches of ~ 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an



orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding and monitor for

development of wood decay at damaged roots 7. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead branches of - 150mm in diameter

overhanging and/ or with an otientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

8. Platanus x acerifolius (plane tree)- dead branches of - lOOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding

9. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - dead broken and lodged branches of - 1 OOmm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road -undertake deadwooding



Perth Oval, Bulwer Street, Perth - Aerial Photo

©Bowden Tree Consultancy 2013

Assessed trees

Page 56 of77

Perth Oval, Bulwer Street, Perth



Species: camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphor)


19.0m Mature 19m 25m 108cm Group Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Good Good > 40 years

General Comments: The assessment of northern section of Perth Oval grounds including the Bulwer Street frontage comprised 11 mature trees of mixed species. The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the tree indicated as 'T' in the preceding aerial photo which allows spatial data to be uploaded to the city's GIS in the future. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) are applicable to trees listed below however should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths, roads and car parking, and park/ street furniture i.e. bins and benches frequented by pedestrians. The walkover assessment commenced at the toilet block, progressed in a north-westerly direction and was undertaken outside the oval fence only.

Recommendations: 1. Cinnamomum camphor (camphor laurel) - dead broken and lodged branches of

~ 150mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the toilet block entrance - undertake deadwooding

2. Podocarpus elatus (plum pine)- acutely angled branch attachment evident however no permanent park furniture visible within the dripline of the tree - monitor for radial separation at attachment

3. Podocarpus elatus (plum pine) - recent pruning visible on east side, no permanent structures visible within the drip line of the tree - no work required

4. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- crown density sparse within upper crown, construction activity on the west side with root plate disturbance probable -monitor health condition

5. F icus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - crown density sparse within upper crown, construction activity on the west side with root plate disturbance probable -monitor health condition

6. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig) - lack of trunk flare indicative of fill soil atop the existing grade, construction activity on the west side, dead broken and lodged branches of ~100mm in diameter overhanging and/ or with an orientation of fall towards the road - undertake deadwooding



7. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- numerous previous branch failures evidentundertake further investigation at completion of construction project

8. Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) - trunk swelling and suppressed stem development within the lower crown - monitor

9. Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig)- previous removal of structural has resulted in a large pruning wound, road construction within 1m with root plate disturbance probable - monitor health condition

10. Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay fig) - crown density sparse leaf size small with lack of trunk basal flare indicative of fill soil atop the existing soil grade - monitor health condition

11. Olea europaea (olive) - assessed from east side only, epicormic basal growth evident and over-mature fruit on footpath, seasonal fruit debris on footpath has potential to cause pedestrian slip injury- monitor



Robertson Park Reserve, Highgate- Aerial Photo



Robertson Park Reserve, Highgate- Tree Number 1

Date Inspected: 9 July 2013 Species: Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla)


33.6m Mature 31m 4lm 372cm Size Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing evident. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, ground heave or deleterious fill soil was visible. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observed within the structural root zone.

Trunk inspection: Previous deleterious pruning to reduce the height of the tree (topping) to approximately 10m was evident. Whilst no significant radial cracking or major cavities were visible, wood decay is probable at the topping wounds. No structurally compromised included bark defects were observed, however cluster branch attachments were evident at the regrowth branches. Adaptive growth (new wood) was visible as the tree response to providing supplementary support.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. Whilst the crown structure was considered poorly-formed due to the aforementioned topping, adaptive growth had optimised· the load-carrying capacity of the regrowth branches. A number of dead, broken and lodged branches of ~300mm in diameter were observable sporadically throughout the crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead branches greater than 50mm in diameter that have an orientation of fall towards the turf area and informal path.






32.6m Mature 31m 42m 406cm Size Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing evident. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, ground heave or deleterious fill soil was visible. Whilst previous excavation within the structural root zone was observed with the installation of the raised pedestrian boardwalk, the pier and beam construction technique spanning the root plate is likely to have alleviated the potential for significant root damage.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. Several bark inclusions were visible, typical for the species and with no cracking observable the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well-formed although mildly suppressed on the north and south side due to the close proximity to adjacent trees . Dead branches of - 300mm in diameter were observable sporadically throughout the crown, including broken and lodged branches within the lower crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead branches greater than 50mm in diameter that have an orientation of fall towards the boardwalk, turf area and informal path.






32.6m Mature 31m 4lm 406cm Size Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level, with buttressing evident. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, ground heave or deleterious fill soil was visible. Whilst previous excavation within the structural root zone was observed with the installation of the raised pedestrian boardwalk on the north side of the tree, the pier and beam construction technique spanning the root plate is likely to have alleviated the potential for any significant root damage.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. Several bark inclusions were visible, typical for the species and with no cracking observable the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present. Several large diameter pruning wounds were evident on the south side of the tree resulting from the previous removal of structural branches, which subsequently provide an entry opportunity for wood decay fungi.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well-formed although mildly suppressed on the north and south side due to the close proximity to adjacent trees. Dead branches of - 300mm in diameter were observable sporadically throughout the crown, including broken and lodged branches within the lower crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead branches greater than 50mm in diameter that have an orientation of fall towards the boardwalk, turf area and informal path. Monitor trunk wounds for development of wood decay.




Date Inspected: 11 July 2013 Species: red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon) x 6


22.0m Mature 15m 15m 120cm Group Pedestrians Frequent Dead branches Fair Good 15-40 years

General Comments: The abovementioned attribute data and was collected for the easternmost tree in the group of six trees, indicated as 'T 4' in the preceding aerial photo and which was indicative for all trees in the group. Recommendations for remedial works (if any) should be prioritised by target value i.e. busy locations such as footpaths and park furniture i.e. bins and benches frequented by pedestrians. The walkover assessment commenced at the easternmost tree and progressed in a north-westerly direction.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed; and whilst changes to the ground surface have occurred since the previous assessment, it is likely to have occurred outside the structural root zone and any damage to the root plate is deemed nominal.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. Whilst several acutely angled branch attachments were visible and which is typical for the species, no radial separation was observed and the connective tissue was deemed satisfactory at present. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the trees was generally that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was considered moderately wellformed, with several rubbing and crossing branches visible throughout the crown of the trees. A number of large diameter dead, broken and lodged branches were observable that were overhanging and/ or had an orientation fall towards the footpath on the north side of the trees. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead branches greater than 50mm in diameter that overhang and/ or have an orientation of fall towards the footpath.


211 Brisbane Street, Northbridge



Species: lacebark tree (Brachychiton discolor)


12.4m Mature 11m 9m 49cm Aesthetic Pedestrians Occasional Deadwood Good Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, significant fill soil or ground heave was visible. No recent excavation was observed within the structural root zone and the tree was deemed to be root stable at present.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were visible. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was generally symmetric. The crown structure was well formed and typical for this species and age-class. A number of minor dead branches of --60mm in diameter were observable internally within the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Whilst no remedial pruning works are required at present, consideration could be given to minor reduction pruning on the east side of the tree to provide clearance from the adjacent dwelling.


2 Brookman Street, Perth



Species: edible fig (Ficus carica)


6.0m Mature 7m 6m 45cm Size Pedestrians Occasional Dead branches Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, significant fill soil or ground heave was visible. No recent excavation was observed within the structural root zone and the tree was deemed to be root stable at present. Numerous basal epicormic shoots were evident on the south side of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were visible, with the bark inclusions observed deemed typical for the species. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was moderately well formed and typical for this species and age-class. A number of minor internal dead branches were observable internally within the crown of the tree, however the limited (pedestrian) access within the dripline results in the determination of a low tree risk rating. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Whilst no remedial pruning works are required at present, consideration could be given to selective pruning to remove the basal epicormic shoots.


47 Florence Street, North Perth



Species: Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) x 4


23.9m Mature 21m 26m llOcm Group Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Deadwood Good Good 15-40 years

General Comments: The abovementioned attribute data was collected for the southernmost tree in the group of four trees. The walkover assessment commenced at the southernmost tree and progressed in a northerly direction.

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was visible. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was observable within the structural root zone of the trees.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was evident. Previous branch failure was visible and evidenced by large wounds on the northernmost tree that are unlikely to occlude, subsequently providing an entry opportunity for wood decay fungi . Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the trees was generally that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was considered moderately wellformed, with a number of large diameter dead, broken and lodged branches observable that were overhanging and/ or had an orientation fall towards the footpath (southernmost tree). The failure of several branches within the upper crown and on the north-west side of the two northernmost trees is likely to have resulted from excessive torsional loading during a previous storm event. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake deadwooding to remove the dead and broken branches greater than 50mm in diameter that overhang and/ or have an orientation of fall towards the footpath. Consider removal and replacement of the northernmost tree in the medium term (2-5 years) .


20 Gardiner Street, East Perth



Species: flooded gum (Eucalyptus rudis)


19.4m Mature 25m 26m 128cm Habitat Pedestrians Occasional Deadwood Good Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was visible within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observed. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Co-dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was that of minor asymmetry. The crown structure was well formed and typical for this species and ageclass. A number of minor dead branches (approximately 50mm in diameter) were observable internally within the crown of the tree. Foliage size, colour and density were normal .

Recommendations: No remedial pruning works are recommended at present.



136 London Street, Mount Hawthorn

Date Inspected: 16 July 2013 Species: kauri pine (Agathis robusta)


23.8m Mature 12m 9m 77cm Aesthetic Pedestrian, Vehicles Frequent Deadwood Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. No recent excavation and subsequent root damage was evident within the structural root zone of the tree.

Trunk inspection: No significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane oflean was visible. No structurally compromised included bark defects or cluster branch attachments were observed. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was generally symmetric. The crown structure was well formed and typical for this species and age-class. A number of minor dead branches were observable however were nominal in size and amount. Several rubbing and friction damaged branches were visible throughout the lower and middle crown. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Consider selective pruning to remove the subordinate rubbing and friction damaged branches.


128 Joel Terrace, Mount Lawley



Species: camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphor)


24.5m Mature 27m 25m 197cm Size Pedestrian, Buildings Occasional Deadwood Fair Good > 40 years

Root crown inspection: Adequate formation of the first order structural roots was evident at the root crown above ground level. No pathogenic fungal sporophores, deleterious fill soil or ground heave was observed. Whilst adjacent buildings are located within the structural root zone of the tree, no recent excavation was evident and the tree was deemed to be root stable at present.

Trunk inspection: Active bee infestation was evident at 1.5m above ground level, indicative of wood decay and a subsequent cavity. Whilst no significant radial cracking, major cavities or decay in the plane of lean was visible, further investigation would be required to confirm. The cluster branch attachment at the crown break was deemed typical for this species and no cracking or radial separation of connective tissue was observable. Woundwood development was satisfactory where previous pruning had been made at the branch collar.

Crown inspection: Dominant crown form was evident and the shape of the tree was generally symmetric. The crown structure was well formed and typical for this species and age-class. A number of dead branches of ~200mm in diameter were observable including several previously failed and lodged branches. Foliage size, colour and density were normal.

Recommendations: Undertake further investigation to evaluate the extent of internal degradation (cavity), and deadwooding to remove the large diameter dead branches that overhang and/ or have an orientation of fall towards the adjacent residential properties.



3.0 Discussion

3.1 Contribution of Trees to Society

3.2 Mature urban trees confer many benefits including shade, screening (privacy), landscape aesthetics, energy conservation, air quality improvement, carbon uptake and storage, minimization of storm water run-off and fauna habitat; generally enhancing our built and natural environments. It can therefore be assumed that the removal of all tree hazards would lead to certain impoverishment in the quality of human life. It is essential to maintain a balance between the benefits and costs of risk reduction, not only financial cost but also the loss of amenity and other tree related benefits.

3.3 Tree Root Plate

3.4 Root plate composition for most tree species consists of a structural root zone (SRZ) and an absorbing root zone, responsible respectively for the support! anchorage of the tree and the uptake of water/ mineral nutrients in solution. Severance of the roots within the structural root zone (the area immediately adjacent and generally determined as trunk diameter x 5) can remove a significant proportion of the absorbing roots, subsequently placing considerable stress upon the tree as well as compromising tree stability. The severance oflarge diameter structural roots also provides an entry opportunity for infection by wood decay fungi, thereby further augmenting the potential of compromising the structural integrity of the root crown and trunk basal area in the long term. Temporary fencing during development/ construction is required to provide adequate protection from construction machinery and equipment (see image below).

3.5 Pruning Wounds

3.6 Large diameter pruning wounds created on mature trees rarely close (occlude with new woundwood tissue) subsequently providing an entry-opportunity for pest infestation and/ or disease infection. In many cases the stored carbohydrate (starch) level within mature trees is simply inadequate for the production of new woundwood tissue tl1at is required to naturally close pruning wounds in their entirety. Therefore where tree pruning is the only management option for mature trees, pruning that results in small diameter (and less damaging) pruning wounds should be considered the preferred decision.



3. 7 Deadwood

Dead and decayed wood will fail at different rates depending on the material size, weight, species resistance to decay and local climatic conditions. The removal of deadwood may result in the ingress of decay to otherwise sound tissues. It is often difficult to ascertain from a ground inspection when dead branches will fail , therefore in areas that possess a high target value it is recommended they are removed soon after they are discovered. In areas that are free of targets or those that possess a low target value, dead branches provide valuable habitat and may be retained for local fauna.

3.8 Copse Planting

Copse planting of new trees into mulch beds and the provision of mulched areas around existing trees (see image below) provides an effective technique for new root development and the preservation of the root plate of existing trees. Conversely, the severance of large diameter structural roots results in the loss of the absorptive roots and provides an entry opportunity for infection by wood decay fungi, thereby augmenting the potential of compromising the structural integrity in the long term. Application of mulch within the dripline of existing trees also passively discourages pedestrian access within the dripline, resulting in a lower target value or tree risk rating and lesser requirement for remedial mitigation works.

3.9 Tree Selection and Establishment

3.10 Nursery grown trees using root development systems such as the RocketPot TM (see image below) have a far greater likelihood of successful establishment due to the formation in pot of hundreds of potential root growth sites, when compared to the bag-grown tree with girdled roots. The minor increase in purchase price will be offset many times due to faster tree establishment and a reduction in installation aftercare costs.



3.11 Formative Pruning

3.12 Trees for the long term must be specimens of high quality, i.e. well tapered trunk with no need of additional support, evenly balanced crown in proportion to the root ball, canopy free of branch inclusions and co-dominant/ multiple leaders, be actively growing and free from pathogen attack, and possess a root system free of girdling surface roots. Where the abovementioned criteria cannot be met and/ or installation has already occurred, formative pruning can be undertaken to remove/ alleviate tree defects that have the potential to compromise the tree structure and result in future failure.



4.0 Guidance Note

4.1 Tree Preservation

4.2 The most important goal of tree preservation on construction/ development sites is the long term survival and stability of the tree/ s. To achieve this goal, three core principles must be recognised and they include:

o To preserve existing trees, the planning/ design/ construction process must respect patterns of tree growth and development.

o Tree preservation must focus on preventing construction injury to trees; and includes mitigating soil cut/ fill, trenching and collision damage to trunks and branches.

o Mature trees require undisturbed space to retain a healthy root system and growth of the crown.

4.3 The arboricultural consultant is required to be involved throughout the stages of the land development or construction process and should be on site following the land surveyor, architect or designer to tag and assess trees on the proposed site. Where trees are to be retained and are recognised as an important part of the development/ construction project, sufficient space must be allocated and a tree protection zone identified for each tree or group of trees. Architects must include trees and their relevant minimal disturbance zone at the design stage, to ensure adequate consideration and protection. Further information is available in the Australian Standard 4970 (2009): Protection of Trees on Development Sites.

4.4 Arborists have a limited ability to correct tree damage with many injuries being easily prevented. Good communication and a coordinated approach are essential. Precommencement meetings are required and all tree sensitive operations must be supervised by the arboricultural consultant.



5.0 Arboricultural Terminology

Age-class - age of the tree being young, semi-mature, mature or senescent.

Crown - the leaves and branches of a tree measured from the lowest branch on the trunk to the top of the tree.

DBH - diameter of the main trunk, measured at breast height approximately 1.3m above ground level for urban trees.

Deadwooding -the removal of dead, diseased or damaged branch wood from the crown of the tree, often for branches > 50mm in diameter in busy areas.

Dripline - the width of the crown of the tree, measured by the lateral extent of the foliage.

First order structural branch - the large branches arising from the trunk that form the main structure of the crown.

Included bark defect - ingrown bark from adjacent parts of the tree that are in contact with each other; usually forks, acutely angled branches or basal stems - often a high failure potential.

Reduction prune - pruning to reduce the extension of a branch, back to a lateral branch that is at least one-third the diameter of the branch being removed.

Root crown - area at the base of the tree were the roots and trunk merge.

Second order branch - a branch arising from a first order structural branch.

Structural condition- a combined assessment of root crown, trunk and aerial parts (crown) of the tree and generally classified as good, fair or poor.

Structural root zone (SRZ) - the zone of the root plate most likely to contain roots that are critical for anchorage and the stability of the tree; generally trunk diameter x 5.

Targets - generally a building, vehicle or person that would be damaged or injured in the event of tree or branch failure is referred to as the target or target area. Occupancy of the target area is relative to the expected use and is classified as rare, occasional, frequent and constant.

Tree protection zone (TPZ) - the zone of the root plate most likely to contain roots that are critical for anchorage as well as the absorbing roots responsible for the uptake of water and essential plant nutrients; generally determined as trunk diameter x 12.

Vitality- the health condition of a tree and generally referred to as good, fair, low or moribund.



6.0 Literature Cited

Barrell, J. (2009). Safe Useful Life Expectancy Sourced: http:/ /tinyurl. com/kebvahp

Draper, D.B. & Richards, P.A., (2009). Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments. Australia: CSIRO Publishing

Ellison, M., (20 1 0). Quantified Tree Risk Assessment- Licensed User Manual, Poynton, UK: Quantified Tree Risk Assessment Ltd

Lilly, S., Matheny, N . & Smiley, E., (2011). Best Management Practices- Tree Risk Assessment, Champaign, IL: International Society of Arboriculture

Mattheck, C.,&. Breloer, H. (1994). The Body Language ofTrees -A Handbook For Failure Analysis. London, England: The Stationery Office.

Standards Australia, (2007). AS4373-2007 Pruning of Amenity Trees, Sydney: SAI Global

Standards Australia, (2009). AS4970-2009 Protection of Trees on Development Sites, Sydney: SAI Global



7.0 Business Details

7.1 Bowden Tree Consultancy® AJB~: 51925884945 Post Office Box 499 Scarborough W.A. 6922 M: 0438 936 679 E: [email protected] W: www.bowdentree.com.au

7.2 Author Formal Qualifications

7.3 Bachelor of Science (Sustainable Forestry) - 2012 Edith Cowan University, Joondalup & Murdoch University, Murdoch

7.4 Certificate IV Assessment & Workplace Training - 2005 Investigation Training Australia, Perth, W.A.

7.5 Diploma of Applied Science (Horticulture) - 2000 Major studies Arboriculture and Parks/ Gardens management University of Melbourne, Burnley campus

7.6 Certificate of Horticultural Practice - 1994 Challenger T AFE, Murdoch campus

7. 7 Additional Certifications

7.8 ISA Certified Arborist Municipal Specialist- 2012 International Society of Arboriculture www.isa-arbor.com/certificationlbenefits/credentialsExplained.aspx

7.9 Limitation Of Liability

7.10 Bowden Tree Consultancy are tree specialists who use their qualifications, education, knowledge, training, diagnostic tools and experience to examine trees, recommend measures to enhance the beauty and health of trees, and attempt to reduce the risk of living near trees. Clients may choose to accept or disregard the recommendations of this assessment and report.

7.11 Bowden Tree Consultancy cannot detect every condition that could possibly lead to the structural failure of a tree. Trees are living organisms that fail in ways that the arboriculture industry does not fully understand. Conditions are often hidden within trees and below ground. Unless otherwise stated, observations have been visually assessed from ground level. Bowden Tree Consultancy cannot guarantee that a tree will be healthy or a low risk of harm under all circumstances, or for a specified period of time. Likewise, remedial treatments cannot be guaranteed.

7.12 Treatment, pruning and removal of trees may involve considerations beyond the scope of Bowden Tree Consultancy ' s service, such as property boundaries and ownership,



disputes between neighbours, sight lines, landlord-tenant matters and other related incidents. Bowden Tree Consultancy cannot take such issues into account unless complete and accurate information is given prior or at the time of the site inspection. Likewise Bowden Tree Consultancy cannot accept responsibility for the authorisation or non-authorisation of any recommended treatment or remedial measures undertaken.

7.13 In the event that Bowden Tree Consultancy recommends retesting or inspection of trees at stated intervals, or installs any cable/s, bracing systems and support systems, Bowden Tree Consultancy must inspect the system installed at intervals of not greater than 12 months, unless otherwise specified in written reports. It is the client's responsibility to make arrangements with Bowden Tree Consultancy to conduct the re-inspection.

7.14 Trees can be managed, but they cannot be controlled. To live or work near a tree involves a degree of risk. All written reports must be read in their entirety; at no time shall part of the written assessment be referred to unless taken in full context with the whole written report. If this written report is to be used in a court oflaw, or any other legal situation, Bowden Tree Consultancy must be advised in writing prior to the written assessment being presented in any form to any other party.


Documents

ITEM 9.1...Nov 05, 2013 · Beatty Park Car Park & Reserve, North Perth-Tree# 1-7 25-31 Hyde Park, Highgate -Aerial Photo 32 Hyde Park, Highgate - South-west Quadrant 33-34 ... pruning