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Working Party Working Party on Indicators for the on Indicators for the Information SocietyInformation Society
OECD, 3OECD, 3--4 May 2006, Paris4 May 2006, Paris
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
EUROSTAT
Directorate F: Social Statistics and Information Society
E-skills measurement(item 5.3 of the agenda)
Christophe Demunter,Christophe Demunter,EurostatEurostat
europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Measurement of eMeasurement of e--skillsskills
Outline
Relevance
Definition problems and scope of Eurostat’s work
Skills measurement in the household survey
Future work: ad hoc module on digital literacy in the 2007 household survey and on e-skills in the 2007 enterprise survey
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Measurement of eMeasurement of e--skillsskills
Relevance
Labour market needs: jobs more and more require user skills (for using applications) or specialist skills (for developing applications, solutions and networks)
e-Inclusion: no « Information Society for all » without« e-skills for all » …
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Proportion of Proportion of employedemployed personspersons usingusing computers in computers in theirtheirnormal normal workwork routine (2005)routine (2005)
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises
14 1623 25
2933
36 36 37 38 3843 45 45
48 48 48 4951 53 53
54 5759 60
63 64 65 6669
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
RO BG LV LT HU PT EL CZ SK PL IT EE MT CY ES SI LU UK EU25 IE AT IS DE NL NO DK BE SE FR FI
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Proportion of Proportion of individualsindividuals not not regularlyregularly usingusing the Internet / the Internet / nevernever havinghaving usedused a computer (2005)a computer (2005)
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals
57
32
51
8177
53
2822
46
68
84
69
48
34 27 61 57 25 22 64 2580
10
2030
405060
7080
90100
Total
Aged
16-24
Aged
25-54
Aged
55-74
Lowe
r-leve
l edu
catio
n
Mid-l
evel
educ
ation
Highe
r-leve
l edu
catio
n
Stude
nts
Emplo
yees
, self
-emplo
yed
Unem
ploye
d
Reitre
d, ina
ctive
, etc.
Objec
tive 1
regio
n
Outsi
de O
bjecti
ve 1
Not regularly using the Internet Never used a computer
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Proportion of Proportion of individualsindividuals nevernever havinghaving usedused a computer / a computer / not not regularlyregularly usingusing the Internet (2005)the Internet (2005)
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals
24 2719
26 26
57
72 74 7266
8 8 1013
34
53 5356
82
65
8
57
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SE DK IS NO NL EU25 PT CY IT HU EL
Not regularly using the Internet Never used a computer
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Measurement of eMeasurement of e--skillsskills
Definition problem
No commonly agreed definition of e-skills available
No reference point for the question design
Eurostat questions were a first attempt for measurementof e-skills, without using a commonly adopted conceptualframework
Scope of Eurostat’s work on e-skills:
Focuses on basic e-skills (or IT literacy) as the survey isaddressed to the general public, not to IT professionals
Other questions also touch topics as participation in courses on computer use, use of internet for training purposes, use of internet for job searching and lack of skills as a barrier to internet use
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Household survey: eHousehold survey: e--skills moduleskills module
2005 and 2006 survey (more detailed module on digital literacy for i2010 in the 2007 survey)
Set of four questions
Additional (more indirect) data on digital literacy from othermodules (e.g. computer use, Internet use, barriers, etc.)
Last time the individual has participated in a training course (of at least 3 hours) on anyaspect of computer use
Scope: all individuals who ever used a computer
Breakdown: 5 categories (last 3 months; between 3 and 12 months ago; between 1 and 3 years ago; more than 3 years ago; never taken one)
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Most Most recentrecent training course (of training course (of atat least 3 least 3 hourshours) ) on computer use (2005)on computer use (2005)
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals
11 12 11 815
7 8 10 412 10 13 13 11 8 13 8 12 11
17 17 16 13 12
11 8 14 139
710
1214
9 11 7 10 9 97
710 9
18 16 15 1713
1913
32
2430
10
1416 13 15
10
21
10 18 1110
17 16
2537
25 23 27
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EU25 CZ DK DE EE EL ES IE IT CY LV LT LU HU AT PL PT SI SK FI SE UK IS NO
Taken a computer course in the last year Betw een 1 and 3 years ago More than 3 years ago
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Household survey: eHousehold survey: e--skills moduleskills module
Computer related activities the individual has already carried out
Scope: all individuals who ever used a computer
Checklist of 6 items (via self-assessment):Copying or moving a file or folderUsing copy & paste tools to duplicate or move information within a doc.Using basic arithmetic formulas in a spreadsheetCompressing filesConnecting and installing new devices, e.g. a printer or a modemWriting a computer program using a specialised programming language
Categorical data (although some ordinality in terms of level of complexity)
Output: results for the separate items + 3 levels of basic computer skills:
i. Low: individuals having ticked 1 or 2 of the activities
ii. Medium: individuals having ticked 3 or 4 of the activities
iii. High: individuals having ticked 5 or 6 of the activities
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Distribution of Distribution of levelslevels of basic computer of basic computer skillsskills (2005), (2005), aggregateaggregate data, by sociodata, by socio--demographicdemographic backgroundbackground
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals
37
34
39
10
29
65
61
29
11
4
25
39
68
15
15
13
17
14
13
19
12
11
16
19
14
26
23
29
37
29
15
17
30
35
41
31
25
13
22
29
15
40
25
7
10
23
41
43
28
17
6
16
Total
Men
Women
Age 16-24
Age 25-54
Age 55-74
Lower-level education
Mid-level education
Higher-level education
Student
Employees, self-employed
Unemployed
Retired, inactive, etc.
No basic computer skills Low level Medium level High level
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Household survey: eHousehold survey: e--skills moduleskills module
Internet related activities the individual has already carried out
Scope: all individuals who ever used the Internet
Checklist of 6 items (via self-assessment):Using a search engine to find informationSending e-mails with attached files (documents, pictures, etc.)Posting messages to chatrooms, newsgroups, online discussion forumUsing the Internet to make telephone calls Using peer-to-peer file sharing for exchanging movies, music, etc. Creating a web page
Categorical data (although some ordinality in terms of level of complexity)
Output: results for the separate items + 3 levels of basic Internet skills:
i. Low: individuals having ticked 1 or 2 of the activities
ii. Medium: individuals having ticked 3 or 4 of the activities
iii. High: individuals having ticked 5 or 6 of the activities
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Household survey: eHousehold survey: e--skills moduleskills module
How the individual obtained his/her computer or Internet skills
Formalised educational institution (school, college, university)
Training courses in adult education center (but not on the initiative of your employer)
Vocational training courses (on the demand of the employer)
Self-study using books, cd-roms, etc.
Self-study in the sense of learning-by-doing
Informal assistance from colleagues, relatives, friends
Some other way
Output: results for the separate items, broken down byThe usual breakdown by gender, age group, educationallevel, employment situation, degree of urbanisation, etc.
Additionally broken down by the low, medium, high level of basic computer skills
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
WayWay of of obtainingobtaining ee--skillsskills (2005)(2005)
Source: Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals
Men Women Lower Middle Higher Low Medium High
Formalised educational institution (school, college, university, etc.) 31 29 33 34 28 35 16 30 47
Training courses in adult education centres, on own initiative 15 13 18 11 15 19 10 17 20
Training courses in adult education centres, on demand of employer 23 21 25 12 23 32 14 25 29
Self-study using books, cd-roms, etc. 28 35 21 22 27 37 10 26 48
Self-study (learning by doing) 58 64 52 52 57 65 38 61 76
Informal assistance from colleagues, relatives or friends 59 58 59 58 59 59 61 61 60
Some other way 4 4 3 5 3 3 4 3 4
Level of basic computer skills
Allcomputer
users
Gender Educational level
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Future work: enterprise surveyFuture work: enterprise survey
2006 survey ( results: autumn 2006)
New questions focusing on shortages in e-skilled staff:
Did your enterprise have difficulties in recruitingpersonnel with ICT skills (from basic to professional), during 2005? [filter question]
Did your enterprise face the following problemswhen trying to recruit personnel, during 2005?
Personnel with required skills in the use of ICT applications not available or not entirelysuitable
ICT specialists with the required skills not available or not entirely suitable
High remuneration costs of ICT specialists
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Future work: enterprise surveyFuture work: enterprise survey
2007 survey ( results: autumn 2007)
Additional questions on different aspects of ICT specialistsand on user skills:
whether the enterprise employs ICT specialists
recruitment of personnel for jobs requiring ICT specialist skills and/or ICT user skills
difficulties for filling vacancies for jobs requiring ICT specialist skills and/or ICT user skills
whether the enterprise offers training to develop or upgrade ICT skills
outsourcing and offshore outsourcing of ICT functions
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
Future work: household surveyFuture work: household survey
2006 survey ( results: autumn 2006)
Set of questions from 2005 has been maintained
2007 survey ( results: autumn 2007)
Expansion of the self-assessment items (6 -> 8)
Respondent’s judgement on how suitable theirskills are for the labour market
Reasons for not taking computer related courses
Questions related to e-learning, e.g. use of Internet for learning/education purpose
WPIIS May 2006: « E-skills measurement »
ICT usage data for the EUICT usage data for the EU
Statistics are available free of charge on Eurostat’s website:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat
Click « Data »
Click « Population/social conditions »
Via the New Cronos database, user-defined tables can be requested
Metadata including a first release of the Methodological Manual:
http://europa.eu.int/estatref/info/sdds/en/infosoc/infosoc_base.htm