Italy, nato and the riga summit

8/14/2019 Italy, nato and the riga summit

1/27

Italy, NATOItaly, NATO

and the Riga Summitand the Riga Summit

Giovanni BrauzziGiovanni BrauzziUniversity of EdinburghUniversity of Edinburgh

Transatlantic SeminarTransatlantic Seminar

29 September 200629 September 2006


2/27

GB Edinburgh 29.9.2006GB Edinburgh 29.9.2006

In brief...In brief...

Italian Foreign Policy in a nutshellItalian Foreign Policy in a nutshell

The role of NATO in a changed worldThe role of NATO in a changed world

Expectations for the Riga SummitExpectations for the Riga Summit


3/27

Italy - Facts and FiguresItaly - Facts and Figures Area: 301,336 sq kmArea: 301,336 sq km Land boundaries: 1,932 kmLand boundaries: 1,932 km Coastline: 7,600 kmCoastline: 7,600 km Population (2005): 58.462.375Population (2005): 58.462.375

Population Growth Rate : 1,1%Population Growth Rate : 1,1% birth rate: -18,396birth rate: -18,396 immigration rate: +181,080immigration rate: +181,080

Life Expectancy at Birth: 79,25 yearsLife Expectancy at Birth: 79,25 years

GDP Composition by Sector:GDP Composition by Sector: agriculture 2%agriculture 2% industry 30%industry 30%

services 68%services 68%


4/27


The compass ofThe compass of

Italian foreign policyItalian foreign policy North, towards Europe;North, towards Europe;

South, towards theSouth, towards the

Mediterranean, theMediterranean, the

Middle East and Africa;Middle East and Africa;

East, towards theEast, towards the

Balkans and Russia;Balkans and Russia;

West, towards AmericaWest, towards Americaand globalisation.and globalisation.


5/27


THE NATIONAL INTEREST

Few commodities and energy sourcesAging and shrinking population We cannot keep our gates closed

Cultural and institutional pluralism Universal vision Lessons learnt from the past

Thus: Neither able, nor willing to act alone The only way is to pursue the national interest

through multilateral fora


6/27


THE CONSTITUTIONALTHE CONSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORKArt. 11 of Italian Constitution:Art. 11 of Italian Constitution: Italy rejects warItaly rejects war

as an instrument of aggression against theas an instrument of aggression against the

liberties of other people and as a means forliberties of other people and as a means for

settling international controversiessettling international controversies;; it agrees,it agrees,on conditions of equality with other States, toon conditions of equality with other States, to

such limitations of sovereignty as may besuch limitations of sovereignty as may be

necessary for an international order aimed atnecessary for an international order aimed atensuring peace and justice among Nations; itensuring peace and justice among Nations; it

promotes and encourages internationalpromotes and encourages international

organizations having such ends in view.organizations having such ends in view.


7/27


The limitation of sovereigntyThe limitation of sovereigntywhich is, for every country, thewhich is, for every country, the

price of the participation in anprice of the participation in an

integrated international system,integrated international system,

becomes less onerousbecomes less onerous

the more a country is able tothe more a country is able to

contribute genuinely to thecontribute genuinely to the

definition of the policies ofdefinition of the policies of

international forainternational fora


8/27


We the peoples of the United Nations,We the peoples of the United Nations,

determined to save succeedingdetermined to save succeedinggenerations from the scourge of war.generations from the scourge of war.

.determined to safeguard the.determined to safeguard the

freedom, common heritage andfreedom, common heritage andcivilisations of their peoples, foundedcivilisations of their peoples, foundedon the principles of democracy,on the principles of democracy,individual freedom and the rule ofindividual freedom and the rule oflawlaw

..

an ever closer union amongan ever closer union among

the peoples of Europethe peoples of Europe


9/27


National Interest inNational Interest in

International ForaInternational Fora

Italian prioritiesItalian priorities Being part of the leading group in theBeing part of the leading group in the

European integration processEuropean integration process

Strengthening transatlantic relationsStrengthening transatlantic relations

Avoiding marginalisation at the UNAvoiding marginalisation at the UN


10/27


Defining moments in theDefining moments in the

participation of Italy to NATOparticipation of Italy to NATO1956 Three Wise Men Report1956 Three Wise Men Report1979 Double Track Decision1979 Double Track Decision1988 Redeployment of 4011988 Redeployment of 401stst Air WingAir Wing

1990 AMF (A) to Turkey1990 AMF (A) to Turkey1991 Rome Summit1991 Rome Summit1994 NATO Med Dialogue1994 NATO Med Dialogue

1999 Kossovo1999 Kossovo 2002 NATO-Russia Council2002 NATO-Russia Council 2005 Afghanistan2005 Afghanistan


11/27


The role of NATO

in a changing world

A Russian ship under NATO flag

in the Mediterranean Sea


12/27


13/27


NATO and 9/11NATO and 9/11

Immediate reactionImmediate reaction

Art. 5Art. 5

AWACS in the USAAWACS in the USA Maritime surveillanceMaritime surveillance

in the Mediterraneanin the Mediterranean

Awaiting US requestsAwaiting US requests


14/27


15/27


Reykjavik, May 2002Reykjavik, May 2002

To carry out the full range of itsTo carry out the full range of its

missions, NATO must be able tomissions, NATO must be able to

field forces that can move quickly tofield forces that can move quickly to

wherever they are neededwherever they are needed, sustain, sustainoperations over distance and time,operations over distance and time,

and achieve their objectives.and achieve their objectives.

Non c pi out of area !!!Non c pi out of area !!!

to field forces,

wherever they are needed

The out of area

debate is over


16/27


Prague Summit, November 2002Prague Summit, November 2002

New members.New members.

New capabilities.New capabilities.

New partners.New partners. Deep transformationDeep transformation

of the military tools.of the military tools.

And Iraq ?And Iraq ?


17/27


IraqIraq

Role and limits of prehemptionRole and limits of prehemption Worst than with De GaulleWorst than with De Gaulle

Old and New EuropeOld and New Europe

The unsuccessful attempts ofThe unsuccessful attempts ofGeorge RobertsonGeorge Robertson


18/27


Istanbul Summit, June 2004Istanbul Summit, June 2004

Improvement of theImprovement of the

transatlantic climatetransatlantic climate

Priority to AfghanistanPriority to Afghanistan Training in IraqTraining in Iraq

Opening towards theOpening towards the

Greater Middle EastGreater Middle East

Handover in Bosnia fromHandover in Bosnia from

NATO to EUNATO to EU


19/27


Complex challenges of international securityComplex challenges of international security

WMDs

Proliferation

Terrorism

Failed, rogue states

Illegal immigration


20/27


THE ARC OF CRISISTHE ARC OF CRISIS

Mediterranean

Middle East

WesternBalkans

Black Sea Caucasus

Central Asia

AFGHANISTAN

St th i


21/27


Strengthening

the transatlantic link

From Cold War

to new threats Coalitions

of the willing

are not enough

From the Balkans

to Afghanistan:

the arc of crisis

It is better to relaunch

NATOs

Political Dimension

New approach

Enduring commitment

GlobalNATO ?


22/27


23/27

Italian expectations for Riga and beyondItalian expectations for Riga and beyond

Further transformation to cope with new security challengesFurther transformation to cope with new security challenges NATO enlargement within an Euro-Atlantic perspectiveNATO enlargement within an Euro-Atlantic perspective Western Balkans and Mediterranean remain key areasWestern Balkans and Mediterranean remain key areas An expanded network of partnershipsAn expanded network of partnerships

NATO should not become a global copNATO should not become a global cop NATO operations for effective multilateralismNATO operations for effective multilateralism Enduring centrality of the transatlantic link.Enduring centrality of the transatlantic link.


24/27


Beyond Riga: 5 ScenariosBeyond Riga: 5 Scenarios

Old Boys Lounge;Old Boys Lounge;

Strong Toolbox;Strong Toolbox;

Dispersed Toolbox;Dispersed Toolbox;

Return to ESDI;Return to ESDI;

Shared Partnership.Shared Partnership.

ADDRESS BY GENERAL DWIGHT D EISENHOWER SUPREMEADDRESS BY GENERAL DWIGHT D EISENHOWER SUPREME


25/27


ADDRESS BY GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, SUPREMEADDRESS BY GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, SUPREME

ALLIED COMMANDER, EUROPE, AT THE ENGLISH SPEAKINGALLIED COMMANDER, EUROPE, AT THE ENGLISH SPEAKING

UNION DINNER, LONDON, 3 JULY 1951UNION DINNER, LONDON, 3 JULY 1951

We the people of the British Commonwealth and of theWe the people of the British Commonwealth and of theUnited States have profited by unity at home. If, with ourUnited States have profited by unity at home. If, with ourmoral and material assistance, the free European nationsmoral and material assistance, the free European nationscould attain a similar integration, our friends could becould attain a similar integration, our friends could be

strengthened, our own economies improved and thestrengthened, our own economies improved and thelaborious NATO machinery of mutual defense vastlylaborious NATO machinery of mutual defense vastlysimplified.simplified.A solid, healthy, confident Europe would beA solid, healthy, confident Europe would bethe greatest possible boon to the functioning of thethe greatest possible boon to the functioning of theAtlantic Pact.Atlantic Pact.


26/27


President John F. Kennedy, Philadelphia, July 4, 1962President John F. Kennedy, Philadelphia, July 4, 1962

We do not regard a strong and united Europe as a rival but as

a partner. I will say here and now, on this Day of

Independence, that the United States will be ready for a

Declaration of Interdependence, that we will be preparedto discuss with a united Europe the ways and means of

forming a concrete Atlantic partnership, a mutually

beneficial partnership.


27/27


To sum it up ...To sum it up ...

NATO is successful when its political strategyNATO is successful when its political strategy

combines in an effective way the diplomaticcombines in an effective way the diplomatic

actions and the military tools.actions and the military tools.

NATO is successful when Americans andNATO is successful when Americans andEuropeans acknowledge that they have commonEuropeans acknowledge that they have common

values and interests.values and interests.

We do not need less America, we need moreWe do not need less America, we need more

Europe.Europe.

The transatlantic link should be strenghtened,The transatlantic link should be strenghtened,

increasing European responsibilities.increasing European responsibilities.

Documents

Italy, nato and the riga summit