Upload
buck-fields
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ITALY, GERMANY, SPAIN
The Rise of Fascism
Fascism vs. CommunismFascism Both Communism
Believe in social classes
Dictators Want classless society
Nationalists One-party politics Internationalists
No individual rights
Strong nationalistic feelings
Fascism Definition: a political movement that
promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule
Reasons for Rise Economic distress Fear of Communism Appeal to nationalism Weak government
• No democratic tradition
Fascism in Italy Fascism begins in Italy under the
leadership of Benito Mussolini Focuses on loyalty to country and
leaders Eventually spreads to other countries
• Spain: Francisco Franco• Germany: Adolf Hitler
More Mussolini
“Il Duce” = the leader
Abolished democracy
Secret police galore Created a model
Fascist State
Militaristic Expansion Desire to create colonial empire
• Invaded:Ethiopia (1935)Albania (1939)
• The League of NationsCondemned Italy’s actionsbut didn’t do anything to stop it.
The Rise of Adolf Hitler
The Rise of the NAZIs National Socialist
German Workers’ Party• Swastika for a symbol• Brownshirts = storm
troopers (militia, not star wars)
Hitler became der Führer of NAZI party
Attempted coup failed• Lesson learned: Had
to take power legally
Hitler’s Plans for Germany Hitler imprisoned for
treason• Wrote book Mein Kampf (My
Struggle) Germans were master
race (called them “Aryans”)
Non Aryans were inferior Vowed to reverse the
Treaty of Versailles Conquer eastern Europe
and Russia• Gain “lebensraum” or “living
space”
Hitler’s Rise to Power… 100% Legal
During depression, Hitler rose in prestige and prominence• Widespread fear of communism
President appointed Hitler chancellor Hitler asked for dictatorial powers for
4 years
Totalitarian Regime Banned all other political parties SS (schutzstaffel)- elite military force
loyal only to Hitler Gestapo = secret police Took control of economy Propaganda Book burning Hitler Youth and League of German
Girls
The German Scapegoat Targeted the Jewish
population for failure in WWI
Anti-Semitism already engrained in German (and all European) society
Deprived Jews of their rights
Kristallnacht- “Night of the Broken Glass”• Attack on Jewish owned
businesses• A “pogrom”- gov’t
sponsored violence against Jews
German Expansion- Today Germany Tomorrow the World!
1935- began rebuilding military 1936- took the Rhineland 1938- Anschluss 1938- Munich Conference
• Germany, French, and British leaders met to discuss the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
• GB & F said G could have Sudetenland if Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia
• Policy of appeasement
1939- took Czechoslovakia 1939- invaded Poland, start of
WWII
Rise of Japanese Militarism 1920’s- government struggled Depression hit Japan hard
• Relied on exports to foreign nations• Drought which led to extreme famine• Government efforts to boost economySpent less on the military
Right-winged military leaders mad Throughout the 1930’s a series of
militaristic Prime Ministers• Hideki Tojo
Extreme nationalism• Belief in “chosen-ness” of
Japanese people• Asia should be dominated by the
“superior” Japanese• “Asia for Asians”- anti-European
Imperialism Belief that Emperor is god on
Earth• Emperor had little political power
Desire to save economy by foreign expansion
1931- Japan invaded Manchuria• Sought resources Iron and coal
1937- Japan invaded China