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ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

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Page 1: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

ITALIAN UNIFICATIONEarly Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Page 2: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Connection to Last Unit

Many Italians were inspired by the ideals behind the French Revolution Enlightenment to Romanticism to

Nationalism Italian states had some unity under

Napoleon before the Congress of Vienna

Unity caused a few things Then, Austria annexed some Italian

states

Page 3: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

People to know

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour Giuseppe Mazzini King Victor Emmanuel II Napoleon III Garibaldi ______________

Page 4: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nosq94oCl_M&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=34

Page 5: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Early Movements Toward Unification

Italian nationalism began to grow in the 1800’s because of a revival in Italy’s traditions Movement became known as Risorgimento,

“resurgence” Could not support their cause openly, secret

organizations formed Carbonari: “Charcoal Burners”

One of its famous members was Giuseppe Mazzini Envisioned a united Italy Devotes his life to this goalCreates the “Young Italy Movement”

Page 6: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

More on Mazzini

He set up the Young Italy Movement; spread ideas of the risorgimento

“Neither Pope nor King”: People wanted a republic to rule Italy

Rebellions flared up in 1848 and 1849, overthrowing rule by Austria, but most were put out

Only the Kingdom of Sardinia remained independent

Page 7: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Sardinia

Much of the Italian states disagreed on how a united Italy would be run

King Victor Emmanuel II and his chief minister, Camillo Benso di Cavour, looked as though they would help unite Italy

Page 8: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Cavour in Sardinia

Cavour actually governed Sardinia He took part in the revolutions of 1848,

and edited a nationalist newspaper, il Risorgimento

He reorganized and strengthened the army, helped establish banks, factories, and railroads– Industrialized Sardinia

Also tried to reduce the power of the church

Also brought the Kingdom of Sardinia to prominence through the alliance with France and Great Britain in the Crimean War

Wanted a parliamentary system in Italy

Page 9: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Uniting Italy

Austria controls most of Northern Italy Napoleon III and Cavour met

secretly to strategize against Austria Austria would be provoked (by building

Sardinias army) into declaring war on Sardinia and France would send troops to aid Sardinia

Sardinia would receive Lombardy and Venetia while France would receive the French-speaking territories Nice and Savoy

A problem occurred when it looked as though Prussia may join the fight on the side of Austria and France backed out, leaving only the territory of Lombardy to Sardinia and lost Tuscany, Modena, and Parma

Page 10: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Rebellion

Rebellions in the Italian states of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany.

These states held Plebiscites (direct vote) to Join Sardinia

Garibaldi, a liberal involved the Young Italy movement, created the Red Shirts to free the remaining Italian states—Marched from southern Italy to northern to capture Rome– “Expedition of the Thousand” Cavour saw Garibaldi as a threat to

Emmanuel’s rule and asked him to step down

Page 11: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Unification

Plebiscites are held and each Italian state is united under Emmanuel II Only Venetia and the Papal States

remained outside Italian rule Papal states were protected by

French Troops Seven Weeks’ War- Italy annexes

Venetia from Austria Franco-Prussian War- French Troops

are withdrawn from the Papal States allowing Italy to annex them and set up their capital in Rome

Page 12: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Map of Italian States

Page 13: ITALIAN UNIFICATION Early Steps Toward Unification – Chapter 9: Section 1 (First Portion)

Events Leading to Unification1. Small groups start arising led by people such as Mazzini and

start spreading the idea of a Risorgimento

2. Sardinia, led by Cavour and Emmanuel II, rises as a state with the main interest of uniting Italy under one ruler

3. Garibaldi and his red shirts march from southern Italy to Rome uniting the Southern States of Italy.

4. Cavour made an alliance with Napoleon III to annex Lombardy

5. The Seven Weeks War occurs and allows Italy to finally annex Venetia

6. Plebiscites are held in each state and Italy is united under Emanuel II

7. Franco-Prussian War makes France remove its troops out of Rome and allows Italy to take Rome and set it as the capital