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Italian Unification
Chapter 24 Section 1
Key Terms
• Giuseppe Marconi• Camillo di Cavour• Giuseppe Garibaldi• Red shirts• Victor Emmanuel
After the Congress of Vienna
• Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe
• 15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end
• Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s
After the Congress of Vienna
• Fostered by some of the decisions made at the congress
• Congress created political boundaries
• They ignored national groups
• Placed group under control of large empires
After Congress of Vienna• Some had different ethnic
groups• Austria empire home to
– Croats– Czechs– Germans– Hungarians– Italians– Poles– Serbs– Slovenes
After Congress of Vienna
• Italians split into three groups
• Much of northern Italy under Austrian rule
• Some Italian states under Hapsburg rule
• Some under French Rule• Italian nationalism grew
under opposition to this rule
Mazzini and Young Italy
• Artists,, writers, thinkers celebrate Italy’s traditions
• Italians in Austria formed secret societies
• Plotting overthrow of Austrian government
• 1831 Giuseppe Mazzini helped launch the group Young Italy
Mazzini and Young Italy
• Fight for the unification of Italian states
• He had been exiled for being outspoken
• Smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy
• Mazzini believed Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna
Mazzini and Young Italy
• Mazzini attracted tens of thousands of Italians
• Italy ready to unite behind a strong national leader
Uprisings and Revolutions
• Nationalists revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848
• State of Piedmont declared war against Austria and was defeated
• 1849 Revolutionaries seized Rome
Uprisings and Revolutions
• French troops helped Pope regain control
• Sardinia was the only successful revolution
Cavour and Sardinia
• Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification
• Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy
• Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento (rebirth)
Cavour and Sardinia
• 1852• Cavour becomes prime
minister• Believe thriving
economy was important
• Believed Italy should be a monarchy
• Supported France in its war with Russia
Cavour and Sardinia
• France supported them with the war with Austria
• 1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria
The Red Shirts
• Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy
• 1833 joined the Young Italy movement
• Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America
• Returned to Italy in 1854
The Red Shirts
• Named after their colorful uniforms
• Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860
• Cavour annexed territory in central Italy
• 1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome
The Red Shirts
• Italian troops enter Rome
• Italy unified• King Victor Emanuel
their leader
Social and Economic Problems
• Strong regional differences led to lack of unity
• Italians resented being governed by Rome
• Rome became new capitol in 1871
• Catholic church did not recognize Italy as a legitimate nation
Social and Economic Problems
• Pope prohibited Catholics from voting
• Poverty was a serious problem
• Rising taxes led to revolts
• Poverty led Italians to emigrate