It simply works better. NetClear The Future of Structured Cabling A look into the next 10-15 years of Cabling Infrastructure Technology 2 BICSI RCDD, 2

It simply works better.

NetClear

The Future of Structured Cabling

A look into the next 10-15 years of Cabling Infrastructure Technology

2 BICSI RCDD, 2 NTS, 2 INSTALLER CREDITS

Britt Johnson

Berk-Tek Western Regional Manager


NetClearTopics

The future for Fiber Optic Cabling Existing fiber options Upcoming IEEE standards The effects of the IEEE standards on fiber infrastructure Conclusions

The future for Copper Network Cabling Noise and copper cable plants Upcoming technology


NetClearFiber Connectivity

Today


NetClearFiber Design Options

Three Physical Configuration Options Field Terminated Cables and Connectors

Traditional installation method

Pre-terminated Cable Assemblies Lowers total installation costs Improved termination performance

Cassette based connectivity High density terminations Quick installation time


NetClearCassette based solution

MTP/MPO connector factory terminated on a 12 fiber cable

Assembly connects to cassettes with choice of connectors

Allows for speed of install, re-usability, flexibility

Popular in data center environments


NetClearFiber Options

62.5 um Multi-Mode 160 MHz 200 MHz 500 MHz

Single Mode Fiber SMF-28 Low Water Peak

50 um Multi-Mode 500 MHz (OM 2) 700 MHz 2000 MHz (OM 3) 4700 MHz 4900 MHz

• Higher bandwidth glass will lengthen the distance an application works

• “Excess bandwidth” can apply to reducing link loss budget


NetClearBandwidth and distance

Berk-Tek Description:

Enhan

50/125 FDDI(ZB)

50/125 GIGAlite *

(LB)

50/125 GIGAlite10 *

(EB)

50/125 GIGAlite10-FB *

(FB)

50/125 GIGAlite10-XB *

(XB)

ISO/IEC

OS1 OM 2 Exceeds OM 2 OM 3 Exceeds OM 3 Exceeds OM 3

Minimum Bandwidth (MHz•km) @ 850 nm

N/A 500 MHz 700 MHz 2000 MHz 4700 MHz 4900 MHz> 20

10GbE Transmission distance (meters) @ 850 nm

> 10 82 150M 300M 550M 600M

50 um Fiber bandwidth and distance

1210M550M 1040M

1 GbE Transmission distance (meters) @ 850 nm 750M 1000M


NetClearStandards Organizations

Technology advances come from Standards groups IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Electronics Vendors ISO 11801 European Version of IEEE TIA Cabling Vendors

Vision into IEEE/ISO 11801 will provide roadmap for direction of cabling infrastructure


NetClearHigh Speed Roadmap

Higher Speed Ethernet Market Adopters

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17

Internet eXchanges running 10 Gb/s ISP Backbones connecting 10 Gb/s Content Providers wanting to push more to users

ISP AggregationHigh Performance Computing (HPC) Large Enterprise Data Centers

Campus BackbonesCorporate BackbonesCorporate Data Centers

Year 20--


NetClearProject Number: P802.3ba

5.5 Need for the Project: The project is necessary to provide a solution for applications that have been demonstrated to need bandwidth beyond the existing capabilities. These include data center, internet exchanges, high performance computing and video-on-demand delivery. Network aggregation and end-station bandwidth requirements are increasing at different rates, and is recognized by the definition of two distinct speeds to serve the appropriate applications.

High Speed Study Group (HSSG) to focus on providing a data center oriented solution


NetClearHSSG Development Plan

CFITF

Review WG

Ballot

Sponsor Ballot Standard

StudyGroup

J F M A M J J A S O N D2007


Task Forceapproved

D1.0BaselineProposal

D2.0 Last

Feature

D3.0Last

Technical Change


J A S O N D2006

J F M A M 2010


NetClearHigh Speed Study Group

IEEE 802.3ba (HSE) objectives from a cabling perspective: Support 40G and 100G:

At least 1m over a backplane At least 10m on copper cabling (twinax) At least 100m on OM3 (2000 MHz MM glass) At least 10km on SMF (metro and enterprise) At least 40km on SMF (long-haul)


NetClear100M over OM3 fiber

Discussion Points Transmission method

Impact on number of fiber strands Connector types

Distances at 40G and 100G What happened to OM2 fiber? Single-Mode VS Multi-mode Preparing for 40G/100G today


NetClear

Transmission Method

•12 x 10 Gb/s•Two 12 fiber ribbons/MPO

MM 1G/10G uses Serial transmission scheme1 fiber dedicated Tx, 1 fiber Rx

40G/100G to use parallel transmission10 fibers at 10G ea. Tx10 fibers at 10G ea. Rx

12F MTP/MPO connector 24 fiber MM cable Possible 12F solution using CWDM

12 Channel Duplex100 Gb/s 850 VCSEL Array

12 Channel Duplex2 Lambda

•2 x 6 x 10 Gb/s•One 12 fiber ribbon/MPO


NetClearMulti fiber connector

MTP is only viable connector option as this point in time


NetClearTransmission method

SM option will likely use Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing 4 lasers combined into one

fiber 1 fiber Tx, 1 fiber Rx 2 fibers total

40G/100G lasers do not exist and will be too expensive

Low water peak SM fiber better suited to CWDM


NetClear

Wavelength (nm)

wavelength (nm)E

0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1300 1400 1500 1600

Lo

ss (

dB

/km

)

O LCS

Conventional SM Fiber

Lower lossLower loss

Low/Zero water peak fiber

Enables Full-Spectrum CWDMEnables Full-Spectrum CWDM

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (20 nm spacingITU-T G.694.2)


NetClear

Distances

LED’s used in lower speed fiber transmissions (100 Mb/s)

VCSEL’s (low cost laser’s) replace LED’s at 1 GB/s speeds and up

VCSEL’s have a non-uniform power dispersion

Encircled Power 3D Power map


NetClearDistances

VCSEL

DMD causes bit errors. Power concentrated in many modeswith high delay, causes split pulse

Power in high DMD modes relatively low, causes secondary pulse very low amplitude, overall pulse detectable as one.

LEDAll Modes


NetClearDistances

Manufacturing process for parallel transmission contains a high scrap rate Mounting 12 VCSEL’s on wafer difficult

Manufacturer’s want to loosen specification Spectral width Encircled flux

Looser VCSEL specification increase the effects of DMD Higher DMD results in less distance OM2 distance with new VCSEL’s is too short OM3 becomes minimum bandwidth fiber

OM4 to be included in standards (4500 Mhz or 500M at 10G)


NetClearOM4 fiber (OM-3+)

Targeting a bandwidth of 4500 MHz Distance at 10G 500M Targeting a distance of over 200M for 40/100G Berk-Tek sells the current maximum fiber bandwidth at

4900 MHz. GigaLite 10XB fiber for 600M at 10G Best shot at longer distance 40G/100G


NetClearSingle-Mode VS Multi-mode

Single Mode CWDM SystemsWork continues to define technical and economic feasibility of designs being

considered Pro: Low cable cost Con: High Transceiver cost & development required

OM3 Multimode Parallel Systems10 Gb/s VCSELS and fiber are already available Pro: Low cost, readily available parts Con: High cable cost and sensitivity to length

Traditionally, cost of electronics drive cost comparisons between MM and SM Preliminary cost analysis for MM suggests lower cost up to ~200 meters


NetClearSpecifying for 40G/100G

Specify low loss solutions Berk-Tek/Ortronics performance above the standards

Lower loss for channel or More connection points or Longer distances

Ortronics low loss MTP cassettes .5 dB premium performance cassettes


NetClearSpecifying for 40/100G

Use smaller OD cables Ribbon cables too big and bulky

New 48F MDP Cable (0.231” OD)

24F (0.189” OD)48F Stacked Ribbon Cable (0.520” OD)


NetClear

Comparison: MDP to Ribbon

Fiber

Count MDP Ribbon MDP Ribbon MDP Ribbon

12 0.160 0.52 2.4 7.8 9 16824 0.189 0.52 2.8 7.8 14 16836 0.231 0.52 3.5 7.8 19 16848 0.231 0.52 3.5 7.8 20 16872 0.274 0.52 4.1 7.8 28 168

DIAMETER (in) MIN BEND RADIUS (in) WEIGHT (lbs/1000ft)

New 48F MDP Cable (0.231” OD)

48F Stacked Ribbon Cable (0.520” OD)


NetClearSpecifying for 40/100G

Use highest bandwidth fiber to insure longest length/ lowest loss budget 150M at 10G (700 MHz) is out of standard 300M at 10G (2000 MHz) is 100M at 40G 550M at 10G (4500 MHz) is >100M at 40G 600M at 10G (4900 MHz) gives customer best shot

Only available from OFS glass


NetClearMandrel (Inert)

OVD Soot Deposition•All Soot layers deposited prior to sintering

•Density decreases as boule becomes larger

•Soot exposed to contamination

OVD Torch

Initial layers have high

density

Gas Mixture

Traditional OVD Deposition Process


NetClear

OVD Drying/Sintering Process

•Soot sintered to form glass

•GeO2 redistribution by Cl2 and density variations cause index profile deformation

•Void collapses causing index variation with possible defects at center

Mandrel removed

Drying/Sintering Furnace

Initial layers can now have cracks, defects

1100-1500 oC

Gas Mixture (Cl2)

Void left

Furnace


NetClearDistances

•Each layer sintered prior to deposition of the next layer

•Inside process is immune to contamination

Results in superior control of Refractive Index Profile Results in superior control of Refractive Index Profile (therefore DMD & BW), Attenuation, Geometry(therefore DMD & BW), Attenuation, Geometry

CladCore

End View


NetClear40G Over Copper?


NetClearThe Future for Copper

No current IEEE work in progress on 40G copper Manufacturer’s and research institutions have

begun preliminary modeling Berk-Tek and University of PA Transceiver manufacturer’s

Possible to look at UTP/FTP technology and draw reasonable conclusions about copper roadmap


NetClearCopper Cabling Technology

Cabling design is all about reducing the impact of noise on the signal Maximize signal strength Decrease noise

Cables can reduce noise Twist rate, insulation, separation, precision reduce

internal noise Consistency and precision of manufacturing process and

shielding can reduce external noise


NetClearInternal noise in cables

Internal Noise is unwanted signals jumping from one pair to an adjacent pair NEXT, FEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT

The higher the application speed the less noise the system can handle Higher speed Ethernet (1G and 10G) must use sophisticated internal noise

cancellation techniques Can internal noise at 40G be reduced enough for UTP cable?


NetClearExternal Noise Sources

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Narrow spikes of voltage Generated by copy machines, air conditioning units, elevators, etc.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Conflicting frequencies with Ethernet (60-120 MHz)

Alien cross-talk Unwanted emissions from cable to cable in a bundle Same pair-pair (white –blue) alignments in separate cables coupling

unwanted emissions


NetClear

Precise manufacturing of the pairs will allow a cable to absorb some external noise Concentricity of conductors and strand Even application of dielectric material Consistent twist pattern

Measured as LCL, ELTCL (cable balance) Efficient at reducing EMI and RFI to

acceptable levels

Cable Balance


NetClear

Data Competency Center supporting tests

EFT, RFI, Temperature, transceiver variability, 10G modeling, maximum distances 10GBase-SR, proximity to power, etc.


NetClearEFT Test

90 M of 5e, 5E, 6 installed in wiremold raceway with 0” separation from power cable

Haefley generator introduced EFT pulses increasing to 1000V

Etherpeak generated Gigabit Ethernet traffic and measured packet loss


NetClear

250 3

50 450 550 650 750 850 950

0.000E+00

5.000E-04

1.000E-03

1.500E-03

2.000E-03

2.500E-03

3.000E-03

3.500E-03

FrameErrorRatio

EFT Noise Voltage

CAT6 Sample 1 CAT6 Sample 2 CAT5e Sample 3 CAT5e Sample 1 CAT5e Sample 2 Unbalanced CAT5e

Cable Performance Under EFT’s


NetClearExternal Noise and UTP

Alien Crosstalk Crosstalk (noise) occurring between

adjacent cables in a bundle Occurs at Near End of cable plant

(ANEXT) Occurs at Far End of cable plant

(AELFEXT)

High speed cabling design tries to reduce Alien Crosstalk Higher twist rates Separation (larger sizes and lays)

Result is a larger OD cable


NetClearExternal Noise

Two options for reducing external noise

Shielding

Spacing

Cat 6 Cat 6a


NetClear

ANEXT and AFEXT VS TIA FTP and UTP

•FTP shows greater margin over TIA than 6A, especially at higher frequencies.


NetClearShielded (FTP) cable design

Two approved versions FUTP or FTP (Class E)

IEEE requirements TIA requirements

6AFTP

Category 7 (Class F) ISO 11801 European Individually shielded pairs

with an overall braid


NetClearRecap key points for UTP

UTP cable is all about signal strength VS Noise Noise is external and internal

The higher the application speed, the less tolerance for noise Internal noise can be cancelled to acceptable levels External noise a major design hurdle

Spacing and shielding have been used to push UTP cable to 100M at 10G


NetClearCopper Cabling

Cable Type:

Enhan

Category 5e

Category 6

Category 6FTP

Category 6A

Category 7

AWG sizeOS 24 23 23 23 22

Shieldingno no yes, overall no

yes, each pair plus overall

Frequency RatingN/ 100 MHz 250 MHz 500 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz

Ability to reduce internal noise fair good good high very high

Ability to reduce external noise low fair very high high very high> 20

10GbE Transmission distance

> 10 n/a

55M if criteria met 100M 100M 100M

Copper Cable Types

100M100M 100M1 GbE Transmission distance 100M 100M


NetClearThe future for cable

40G over copper 2000 MHz frequency Extremely low noise tolerances

Technology not available today to make UTP work

Some type of shielded cable likely for 100M operation

Characterized to high frequency Multiple shielding Heavier gauge wire Thicker insulation

Why did I ever switch from IBM Type 1!


NetClear

The future for outlets

8 top contacts100% RJ45 compatible

4 new contactsFor >600MHz

Switch mechanismOnly 8 contacts at a time

2 Pairs on top2 Pairs on bottom

600 MHz

4 Pairs on top250 MHz


NetClear

0

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100M 1G 10G 40G 100G

Mill

ion

sServer Trends:Ethernet Ports

Source: Intel & Broadcom (April 2007)

10-15 year transition for 1G Ethernet

x86 Servers by Ethernet Connection Speed (40G and 100G)


NetClearFiber and Copper review

Changes in current fiber standards development process will affect fiber cable plant designs for 40G Parallel transmission technology

24 strands per node MTP/MPO connection styles

Changes in transceiver manufacturing to drive increases in glass bandwidth

OM3 at a minimum at 100M

Copper roadmap is a long time out UTP technologies may be challenged Some type of shielded technologies likely 10G cabling today will last 10-15 years


NetClear

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?


NetClear

Higher speeds = less noise tolerance

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-2 -1 0 1 21000B

aseT

Eth

ern

et P

ro

to

co

l

Transmit Voltages w ith Transition Levels

5 state(PAM5) (-2,-1,0,1,2)Transition

Transition

-2 -1 0 1 2 100B

aseT

Eth

ern

et P

ro

to

co

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Transmit Voltages w ith Transition Levels

3 state(MLT3) (-1,0,1)

0 2

10B

aseT

Eth

ern

et P

ro

to

co

l

Transmit Voltages with Transition Levels

2 state (0,1)

Reduced State to State Voltage Increases Sensitivity and Error Generation

Source: Agilent


NetClearEnterprise Cabling Drivers

Distance Up to 100M for copper Up to 300M for fiber

Price Electronics costs

Copper lowest cost option MM fiber next lowest cost option SM fiber highest cost option


NetClearHow will it be transmitted?

MM 1G/10G uses Serial transmission scheme 1 fiber dedicated Tx 1 fiber dedicated Rx

Likely that 40G/100G will move to a parallel scheme 10 fibers at 10G ea. Tx 10 fibers at 10G ea. Rx

12F MTP/MPO connector 24 fiber MM cable


NetClearPreparing for 40G/100G

Specify OM3 at minimum OM4 (4500 Mhz minimum) as an option Add SM (low water peak) to cables

Data center design around 100M max lengths Be aware of higher fiber count requirements

2 fibers per link becomes 24 fibers MTO/MTP connectors will likely become standard

interfaces

Documents

It simply works better. NetClear The Future of Structured Cabling A look into the next 10-15 years of Cabling Infrastructure Technology 2 BICSI RCDD, 2