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“It is always darkest just before the day dawneth .” - Thomas Fuller, 1650 English Theologian & historian. How does Fuller’s quote relate to the Renaissance?. What does this mean?. The Italian Renaissance 1300-1650. Chapter 1 Section 1. Raphael's School of Athens. I. Background. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“It is always darkest just before the day dawneth.” - Thomas Fuller, 1650English Theologian & historian
What does this
mean?
How does Fuller’s quote relate to the Renaissance?
The Italian Renaissance1300-1650
Chapter 1 Section 1
Raphael's School of Athens
The Black Death
The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population
Bubonic plague- 4 out of 5 people who contracted the disease died within 8 days (most common in the BD)
Pneumonic- lungs. 90-95% mortality rate
Septicemic –bowels. mortality rate close to 100%
World’s population went from 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400
Early 14th century - late 15th century:Early 1300s to late 1400s
I. Background
Black Plague Renaissance
Regions had to trade what they didn’t produce
More Trade More Communication
Decrease in population led to:–Increase in food production (Less People More Food)
-Decline in food prices
– More money to spend
– Specialization in products-growing the right foods in the right climates
Where’s the action?Venice (trade) Milan (food, silk and weapons) Florence (banking)
Time out! Think, Pair, Share why do you think that these cities in particular flourished during the Renaissance? Hint: Geography matters!!!!
High Rollas!!!!Nobles (members of the Royal Court)Merchants (bankers) Artisans (crafts, painting, goldsmith)
II. Key Places During the Renaissance
III. Key Groups: Wealth
Show Me The Money!Conspicuous Consumption: With the
acquisition of money merchants and nobles wanted to display their new wealth.
=Lady With An Ermine- da Vinci
More Money= More Free TimeRenaissance (French for “rebirth”)- sustained
period of renewed interests and remarkable developments in learning and expressionart literature science
Was also a revival of the human spirit (the human capacity to create and achieve)
Causes of the RenaissanceIncreased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the CrusadesGrowth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy
Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and RomeRise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts
Desire to beautify cities
Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge
Ancient Rome’s Colosseum
The Humanism FactorStressed a good education: rhetoric grammar poetry history Latin and Greek (languages)
**aka “the humanities” Writers wrote in the vernacular (everyday language of the people)
as opposed to the academic Latin.
What were some important new ideas/ trends of the Renaissance? How was lifechanging?
Possible Answers: Inspiration from the ancient Greeks and RomansHumanismSecular focusNew theories in science
and think about
what we have
learned so far
VI. PoliticsAfter periods of war the church no longer served as a
source of stability. People became more secularAttitudes about politics were also changing. Best examples were Thomas More’s Utopia and Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince
The PrinceEncourage harsh treatment of citizens and rival states.Advised rulers to separate morals from politics.Power and ruthlessness are more useful than idealismEnd justifies the means.State was an entity in itself, separate from its ruler
Machiavelli
VII. ScienceAlong with the humanities there was also an
increased interest in astronomy, anatomy and other sciences. Galileo Galilei and Nicolas Copernicus- challenged the Church’s teachings and declared that the Earth was not the center of the universe (geocentrism) and that it actually revolved around the Sun (heliocentrism)Galileo was placed under
house arrest by church officials for expressing his views
Why would the church place someone that was teaching something that didn’t align with their teachings under house arrest?
Galileo- “Father of Modern Science”
Scientific Information Humanists searched archives,
Arab translations for classical texts
Discovered a wealth of scientific information
•Scientific Challenges• Science soon became important avenue of inquiry• Church’s teachings about the worldwere challenged, particularly the belief that the Earth was the center of universe•Natural World• Focus of Renaissance on human sciences, history, politics, geography• New ideas about natural worldbegan to be explored by new methods, specifically empirical which learning by “doing” not “reading”
•Earth, Sun• Nicholas Copernicus said
Sun was center of universe• Galileo Galilei arrested by
church officials for saying Earth orbited Sun
VIII. Renaissance Art!!!!In the past, medieval artists were commissioned by the
church so most works were anonymous and religious. Why would they be anonymous?
With the acquisition of assets, the wealthy competed against each other by buying art. (Medici=Rockefeller)
Gave huge sums of money to help support the arts.
Not looking for recognition, serving God, not themselves.
Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as realistically as possible.
More Renaissance Art!!!!Medieval Art Renaissance ArtReligious Things found in nature
Three-dimensional objects on flat surfacesMore detail to human anatomyPerspective
Not as focused on real life depiction
Both of these works are of Mary and Jesus. Left (Medieval) Right (Renaissance) What differences do you see?
Madonna of the Rocks- da VinciGiotto’s Madonna and
child
The GreatsLeonardo da Vinci self -portrait1. Painter
a. The Last Supperb. The Mona Lisa
2. Writer3. Architect4. Engineer5. Mathematician6. Musician7. Philosopher
Michelangelo Buonarroti1. Sculptora. The Pieta
1.) shows Mary, mother of Jesus, holding her son after his death
2.) communicates the themes of grief, love, acceptance, and immortality
David
1.) 13 foot marble statue – impressive
2.) unsurpassed representation of the human form – suppressed energy, depth of expression
Minus
the fig
Leaf
Michelangelo (con’t.)2. Painter
a. Most famous for his artwork on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel in Rome – art historians consider this one of the greatest achievements in the history of painting due to the personalized characterization of Biblical figures
b. Created sweeping scenes from the Old Testament of the Bible.
*Creation of Adam, below
iii. Raffaello Sanzio1. aka Raphael2. Painter
a. The School of Athens 1.)his most famous work 2.)Fresco: painting
made on fresh, moist plaster
3.) Shows Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers from the past and the present ====
b. Also known for his paintings of the Madonna, or mother of Jesus
iv. Donato Bramante
1. Famed architect – Renaissance architecture reached its height with him.
2. the chosen/ preferred architect of Rome
3. His design of St. Peter’s Basilica influenced the appearance of many smaller churches.