MICROCHIPS

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;3pI 4.0 AIN Super Computer

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THE CPU & MAIN MEMORY

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r Arithmetic/ Logic Unit

;d 4.10 ~d'+laldJ&dss-Vi14 CPU fkl MAINMEMORY

swxk3alolelPeaft (b&w m w%aslfB"nn"w%wlo MEMORY ,pRIMARY

MEMORY.PR~MARY STORAGE,INTERNALMEMORY do RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

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R A M

STORAGE

SPEED

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IvWR~COMP~J~R M IN ICOMPUTER MAINFRAME SUPERCOMYUTER

512,000 8,000,000 32,000,000 1oo,ooo,ow

32,000,000 50,000,000 200,000,000 2400300,000

CHARACIWS CHARACTERS CHARACTERS CHARACTERS

360,000 I20,000,000 soo,ooo,ooo NO-LMITARION

300,000,000 1,~0,0~,000+ CHARACTERS

CHARACTERS CIIARACTERS

xoo,ooo 8-40 MIPS 3OMIPSUP 200 MIPPS UP

10,000,000 ms

fliaapp,,,,~anrnaiotti~is~~~~~~~~a~~~~ 4 a&

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REGISTER: STAGINGAREASFQRPROCESSING

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The CPU and main memory. The IWO components are connectedby o kind of electronic roadway called o bus.

*TIME IN FLOATING-POINT OPERATIONS PERSECOND(FLOPS): $ilriO FLOPS &

&JLJlQlfl FLOATING-POINT OPERATIONS PEP, SECOND. $il% FLOATING-POINT &JrllShlU

uasfllsAlU?Um~Dru"Wfflnns" ~ls%W,~luh~&, i%GAFLoPS - MILLIONS OFFLOATING-

POINT OPERATIONS PER SECOND ~o~~Unu'au~~'analuud?vos SUPERCOMPUTERS &

bkXUVTOSCM-2SUPERCOMPUTER?J~a1u~~a .%OOMEGAFLOPS.

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DATA REPRESENTATION : BINARY CODE

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ORIGINAL No. POWER OF 2 DOES II-HE SUM CONTAIN....

64 32 1 6 8 4 2 1

4s .32+x+4+1 NO YES NO YES YES NO YES

7 5 64+X+2+1 YES NO NO ‘“3 NO YES YES

DECIMAL SYSTEM BINARY SYSTEM

4s 0101101

7 5 100101 I

9r~nu~~'n?nntuwlsa~~lON,OFF n~~l~wwd,u~sl~rjm~"~~~~ 2 HDl?: '&+Hk,olHol&

*o~w"aaor"o-o~aPd~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART OF THE COMPUTER WHAT A 1 BIT IS WHAT A 0 BIT IS

ELECTRI~WIRE HIGHVOLTAGE LOWVOLTAGE

PUNCHEDYAPERTAPE A HOLEINTHETAPE NOHOLEINTHETAPE

PUNCHEDIBMCARD A HOLEINTHECARD NOHOLEINTHECARD

MAGN!Z"cDRUM AMAGN!ZlUEDAREA ANONMAGNETIZEDAREA

F'LASHINGLlGHT THELIGHTIS ON THE LIGHT IS OFF

DATA&PROGRAMAREREPREAENTEDINTHECOMPUTER

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“~%~~~~w~~~~~“~~~~~*~~ff~~~~

* EBCDIC : dlU<l ” EB-SEE-DICK ’ &lIJlQl~ EXTENDED BUN&KY CODED

DE C I M A L IN T E R C H A N G E CO D E ~fJu%&klflfkIin%~ IBM UfX IBM COMPA’UIBLE

MAINFRAMES

CHARACTER ASCII-8

EBCDIC

A 0100 0001

B 0100 0010

C 0100 0011

D 0100 0100

E 0100 0101

F 0100 0110

G 0100 0111

H 0100 1000

I 0100 1001

.I 0100 1010

K 0100 1011

L 0100 1100

M 0100 II01

EBCDIC CHARACTER ASCII-8 ‘

1100 0001

1100 0010

110000l1

1100 0100

1 loo 0101

1100 0101

1100 0111

1100 1000

1100 1001

I I01 000~1

1101 0010

1101 001 I

1101 0100

N

0

P

Q

R

s

T

u

V

W

X

Y

Z

0100 1110

0100 1111

0101 0000

0101 0001

0101 0010

0101 001 I

0101 0100

0101 0101

0101 0110

0101 0111

0110 1000

0101 1001

0101 1010

1101 0101

1101 0110

1101 0111

1101 1000

I IO1 1001

1110 0010

1110 0011

I l l00100

11100101

1110 0110

11100111

1110 1000

1 I IO 1001

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ASCII BYTE (8 RIT) PARITY BIT (9 MT)

H 0100 1000 0

E oioo olnl 1

R 0101 0010 I

0 0100 1111 1

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~Syrbm unit

\Floppy-disk 1drive

Keybwrd -

Hard drive

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THESYSTEMUNIT

61% SYSTEM UNIT wul& CABINET a~waiawnls~:fia~wls~l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l

iliu ~~~&d’lfJ~#!l ( P O W E R WPPLY) , MO T H E R B O A R D , C P U CHIPS , SPECIALIZED

PROCESSOR CHIIJS , THE SYSTEM CLOCK ,RAM CHIPS, ROM CHIPS aWX+Ju~‘i~fW3¶l~¶J~W~

wld”XlW2lu61&~ VRAM , CACHE, FLASH, EXPENSION SLOTS, BOARDS, Bus LINES , POWS

aiaz PCMCIA %01’s , CARDS.

BUS LINES

P O R T S

PCMCIA SLO’TS AND CARDS

- CACHE, VRAM , FLASH

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THEPOWERSUPPLY

Re&nly&{ROM) chip

Rondomaccw wmmy(RnM) chip

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Microcom~puhrrs and microprocessors. Some widely used microcomputer systems and their chips. I

‘Motorola 68020Sun Microziystems RISCIntel 80386DX

~,Motorola 08030Intel 8048<6DXMotorola 68040

‘IBM RISC 0000Sun Micro!iyrtemsMicroSpan:Intel Pentium

19791979

1982

1984

198519851987198919891990

1992

1993

IBM/Moto~rolo/ApplePowerPC R!lSC

IBM PC, XTMacintosh Plus, SE;Commodore AmigaIBM PC/AT, PS/2 Modelx50/60; Compaq Deskpro 286Macintosh IISun Sparcstation 1, 300IBM PS/2; IBMcompotiblerMacintosh Ilx seri&, SE/30IBM PS/2; IBMcompatiblesMacintosh QuadraIBM RISC/6000 workstation

Sun Sporcstation Lx

4-B 8B-16 16

B-28 16

16-33 3220-25 3216-33 3216-50 3225-66 3225-40 3220-50 32

50 32

60-100 64

60-80 64

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ROM CHIPS

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Dlffemnt L Socket for S&I.typl!S of pow?r to PO*pot%. Shown computerwe the backs of Externalon IElM-sh/le disk drivecomputer and on PO*

Apple Desktop

Apple? Macintosh.bus ports for Ikwboxd or

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