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Issues of Scale Using C o l o r. Scale Issues. What is map scale?. The scale of a map is the relationship between a unit of length on the map and a unit of length on the ground. Map Scales. Verbal scale “One cm represents 100 km” Bar scales (graphical) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Issues of Scale
Using Color
Scale Issues
What is map scale?
The scale of a map is the relationship between a unit of length on the map and a unit of length on the ground.
Verbal scale“One cm represents 100 km”
Bar scales (graphical)
Representative fraction (RF) 1:24,000
Map Scales
Representative Fraction
A 0.025 inch line on a 1:24,000 scale map represents 50 ft (600 in) on the ground
A 0.025 inch line on a 1:200,000 scale map represents almost 417 ft on the ground
Scale Issues
Beware of scale statements
1:200 (“one to two hundred”) does this mean
unit-to-unit
(one inch on the map equals 200 inches on the ground)
or
not unit-to-unit
(one inch on the map equals 200 feet on the ground)
For this course,
all scale statements will be assumed unit-to-unit
Scale Issues
large scale vs. small scale
To a geographer:1:2,000,000 is small scale
1:200 is large scale
Importance of Scale
Scale of data plays an important role, and frequently causes problems
All spatial phenomena have scale dependent behavior/properties
Be aware of:
Data source scale
Mixing data from different source scales
Appropriateness of output scale
Scale Issues
Data from different sources and scales can vary widely
1:100,000 scale data from USGS DLG
Scale Issues
1:1,000,000 scale data from DCW (DMA)
Scale Issues
1:2,000,000 scale data from USGS DLG
Using Color
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1990
Wabern, 1983
What can color do?
Label
Measure
Represent or imitate reality
Beautify
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1990
Primary home heating fuel. U.S. Department of Commerce
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1990
Primary home heating fuel. U.S. Department of Commerce
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1997
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1997
Displaying data: colors
From Tufte 1997
Color Blindness
Color Blindness
Color Blindness
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Blindness
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Blindness
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Blindness
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Blindness
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Models
RGB
Color Models
CMYK
Redundant Coding
Redundant Coding
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Redundant Coding
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Color Schemes
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Color Schemes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer.html
Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University
Specifying Colors in ArcMap
Homework
Read: “Creating Feature Datasets & Vector Editing” & “Creating and Modifying Tables”
Start working on assignment #4 -- Due April 26.
