Issues in R&E Networking in Africa

Workshop on African Research and Education Networking

CERN Mon, Sept 26 2005

Geneva, Switzerland

Mike JensenInternational Development Research Centre (IDRC)mikej@sn.apc.org

Capacity of Connection: Averagen=82

537.4128

7168

769.1728

7168

0.00

1000.00

2000.00

3000.00

4000.00

5000.00

6000.00

7000.00

8000.00

Average Minimum Maximum

Kbps

Uplink Downlink

African Tertiary Institution Connectivity Survey (ATICS.INFO)

Average Cost per Kbpsn=70

0.00

36.33

5.46

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

Minimum

Maximum

Average

Bandw

ith

Cost/Kbps

Users per networked computers by regionsn=66

11

171

50

63

15

55

0 50 100 150 200

Southern Africa

Central Africa

East Africa

West Africa

North Africa

Average

Regions

Average number of users per networked computer

Bandwidth per networked computern=73

0.32

36.57

3.36

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Minimum Maximum Mean

Mean Kbps per

networked computer

Campus Networks Utilizing Fibre Technology in Surveyed Institutions

n=83

Without Fibre in

Network

52%

With Fibre in

Network

48%

Do you manage your bandwidth in any way?N=83

limited

5%

no

54%yes

41%

Average hours link is down/month by type of connectivityn=82

0.151.65 1.08

10.63

1.330.08

2.62

0.00

6.50

0.000.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

fibre wire radiolinkwireless

VSAT dialup

Connectivity type

Hours

per m

onth

Average Hours/Month link Down

Average Hours/Month link Down due to electricity cuts

Sources: ESRI, GSM Association/Coversoft , ITU, Mike Jensen

Population & Teledensity in

Africa

Backbones and E&R Institutions

Restrictive Regulatory Environment - The Key Barrier

Lack of telecom restructuring has resulted in high costs and limited investment in infrastructure

- State owned monopolies still dominate

- Some foreign investment in monopolies in return for continued exclusivity

- Limited introduction of competition - 1 or 2 additional fixed line players in a few countries

- Use of satellite, and wireless data (Wifi/Wimax etc) restricted in most countries

Many systemic barriers:Electricity,

Import duties,Skills

Other Issues- No benefit in Africa from Dot-Com bubble burst- So far little use of alternative infrastructure- Operators do not want to provide to dark fibre - Few national peering points, no regional IXs- Limited capacity to design, implement and manage

networks- E-Rate only in a few countries – Senegal and South

Africa - Human networks are undeveloped- Lack of awareness among policy makers of importance

of access to bandwidth for R&E institutions- Competition between institutions for funding

Infrastructure Builders• Fixed Line Operators, Foreign Carriers

• New Players – Rail, Pipeline and Electricity Operators

• Mobile Operators esp with Contiguous Borders

CeltelVodacom

MTN

- Internet Service Providers- Fibre deployment companies- Governments – Regulators and Municipalities- Universities?

17

2

7

65

816

15

14

13

12

1110

9

3

1

4

18

o19

20

31

30

32

21

22

23

2425

26

27

28

29

33/E22

34

36/E20

37/E19

38/E1839/E15

43/E8

45

46/E8

49

48

5152

E5

Links:

FIBRE NETWORKS & PLANS

Actual

Needed

56

44

Planned/Funded

43

E2

47

E4

43

50

E3E13

38/E18

35

Proposed

R&E Support Activities

● Partnership for Higher Education in Africa – campus networks & bandwidth purchasing consortium

● World Bank funded AVU to survey R&E agencies in 50 African countries (atics.info), WB Africa desk also discussing other options

● UN University (UNU) in collaboration with the ITU to establish an African Universities Network (AFUNET)

Support Activities (2)● USAID supports the development of Internet

connectivity for some African Universities as part of the Leland Project

● World Association of Industrial and Technological Research Organisations (WAITRO) is building the capacity of its 48 members in 25 countries comprising all the major research and technology organisations (RTOs) on the continent. CSIR in South Africa is African focal point.

● Initiatives to provide electronic content identify need for better b/w: INASP, Eifl.Net, National Academies Press, AGORA /TEEAL, HINARI, Jstor

Support Activities (3)•The Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) hosts the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) in charge of project cooperation between universities. The AUF have a variety of university support programmes such as the Campus numérique and ADEN

•Scientific and Technical Information System (SIST) promotes integration of African research in the international scientific networks, develops tools for sharing S&T info to encourage African production of S&T data

•RESAFAD (Réseau Africain de Formation à Distance) will foster use of ICTs in the education systems of ten French -speaking African countries, provide distance learning for ICT trainers + support for pilot projects with civil society

•Projets COMETES & MADSUP: training trainers in the field of ICTs, developing tools for sharing S&T info and institutional support, interconnect Universities in Madagascar & Cameroon

Support Activities (4)● IEEAF in the US supporting initiatives to bring

better bandwidth African institutions● The EU supports EUMEDCONNECT and

EMISPHER Projects - Euro-Mediterranean Internet-Satellite Platform for Health, Medical, Education and Research co-ordinated by DANTE, project connects NRENs in North Africa to GEANT. Also links to South African NREN, TENET

● IDRC promotes information exchange, research on networks and human capacity - sponsors events and participation - via PAREN project – Promoting African Research and Education Networks

Support Activities (5)● The Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) research

network Mimcom supported by the US National Institutes of Health, providing connectivity to a variety of African medical research organisations

● The International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) has been assisting with capacity building for improved Internet connectivity in a variety of African Universities

● Global University System (GUS) aims to establish a worldwide e-learning system for higher education -Ethiopia (U’s of Addis, Bahr Dar and Debub), Nigeria (OAU), Uganda (UNCST), and Malawi (U of Malawi) with Japanese funding

● Millenium Science Initiative (MSI) initiatives planned in Uganda, Cameroon, Botswana and Namibia and Tanzania

African Activities ● African Virtual University (AVU) – 24 campus links● Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Tanzania and most of

North Africa now have NRENS ● The Southern African Regional Universities

Association (SARUA) plans dark fibre network● SA Dept of Science and Technology looking at the

feasibility of establishing a Southern African Research and Education Network

● Advanced Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) in SA with Dept of S&T developed NEPAD proposal for connectivity to 20 African tertiary institutions

● African Union in talks with India to build a satellite network for academic and health networks in Africa

● At its 11th AGM in Feb ‘05, the African Association of Universities (AAU) decided that b/w is a priority issue and will host a WSIS conference in Tunis, Nov 14 &15 supported by IDRC

ConclusionsDigital divide is at its most extreme among R&E

institutions

Agencies supporting R&E sector need more co-

ordination and joint projects, and more

emphasis on cross cutting and open access

infrastructure building

African R&E institutions need to collaborate more

African policy makers need more awareness of

the importance of R&E networks – budgets and

telecom restructuring

Towards a Framework for ActionFive Key Areas =>

1. Campus Networks – Training & Investment

2. National Networks – NRENs – capacity

building, joint purchasing consortia and

policy change lobbying

3. Regional Networks – cross border links,

policy change

4. Continental Networking – Africa wide and

intercontinental

5. Building and sharing content & applications

(human networks)

Thank You