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Issue 3 • 2015
Analytix
• Unique CRMs for Karl Fischer Titration
• Calibration Solutions for Mass Spec
• Ginsenoside Standards
• Labeled Pesticide Standards
• Pharmacopeia Reference Standards
• Tryptamine Analysis
• Derivatization Reagents for LC-MS
• Dissolution Media acc. to Ph.Eur.&USP
• Handheld Fluorometers
NEW HYDRANAL® Certified ReferenceMaterials for Water Analysis
22
Buying Analytical Standards and CRMs is a Matter of Trust
sigma-aldrich.com/analytix
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Dear Customer,It has been several years since our facility in Buchs, Switzerland, was accredited according to the high-est achievable quality level for producers of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). This combined accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 is also called the “Gold Standard Accredita-tion”. A new series of inorganic CRMs for AAS, IC and ICP was launched under the TraceCERT® brand representing traceable and certified calibration materials. In the meantime, our effort to expand our CRM offering has accelerated. Two companies with double accreditation have been acquired: Cerilliant in Round Rock, Texas, and RTC in Laramie, Wyoming, are now also part of Sigma-Aldrich®. In 2011, we achieved double accreditation for our site in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, and within all four sites, the scope for CRM production has constantly been extended. New technologies such as high-performance quantitative NMR have been developed at the highest metrological level, and a new generation of neat organic CRMs is now available to the analytical community.
It is now my pleasure to announce that we also have achieved double accreditation for our site in Seelze, Germany, where our Karl Fischer Hydranal® products are produced. This important mile-stone now allows us to introduce the first commercially available ready-to-use CRMs for water determination.
So as you can see, we constantly expand our CRM offering and improve quality to make sure that your analytical results are always reliable and traceable to internationally accepted references. We are doing this since we truly believe that buying analytical standards and CRMs is a matter of trust.
With kind regards,
Michael Weber Director, Marketing and R&D [email protected]
Michael Weber Director, Marketing and R&D
Analytix is published five times per year by Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, MarCom Europe, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9471 Buchs SG, Switzerland Publisher: Sigma-Aldrich Marketing Communications Europe Publication Manager: Michael Jeitziner Editor: Daniel Vogler
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Tabl
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Con
tent
s
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Feature Article
4 NEW HYDRANAL® Certified Reference Materials for Water Analysis How to Make your Karl Fischer Results Even More Reliable
Standards
9 Calibration Solutions and Test Standards for Mass SpectrometryNew Products for LC-MS and MALDI-MS Available
10 Separation of Ginsenosides in Panax Quinquefolius (American Ginseng) Chromatographic Application and Analytical Standards
12 NEW Organic Certified Reference Materials Available! The TraceCERT® Product Line Keeps Expanding
13 NEW Isotope-Labeled Pesticide Standards For Food and Environmental Analysis
14 Pharmaceutical Reference MaterialsPrimary and Secondary Standards
16 A Tryptamine Comeback: Interest Beyond Illicit UseSolution-Certified Reference Materials of Tryptamines
Chromatography
17 NEW IC-Certified Eluent Concentrates Binary Concentrates for Metrohm® Applications
Events
19 BERM
Spectroscopy
18 Chemical Derivatization Reagents for LC-MSEnhancing Ionization to Lower Analyte Detectability
20 NEW TraceSELECT® Products and Packaging OptionsHigh-Purity Digestion Reagents for ICP and AAS Methods
21 Handheld Fluorometers and Kits (FluoroSELECT™)For Food and Environmental Analysis
Labware
22 Timestrip® – The Smart Way to Measure Time and TemperatureGet Control over Time and Temperature
Wet Chemistry
23 Media Concentrates for Dissolution TestsPh. Eur. and USP Compliant Concentrates for 6, 10 and 25 Liter Target Volume
4
tent by Karl Fischer (KF) titration: NIST SRM 2890 (Water satu-rated 1-Octanol, 47.3 ± 1.0 mg/g) and NMIJ CRM 4222-a (Water in Mesitylene, 134 mg/kg ± 4 mg/kg).
It is worth mentioning that many labs use water for the cali-bration of their instruments. Pure water can represent a direct link to the SI unit kg and is therefore a suitable calibra-tor. However, depending on the balance used, the volume of the burette, the Karl Fischer chemistry (titrant) and the know-how of the user, it can be a very challenging task to produce accurate results by calibrating with water. For that reason, it is recommended that the instrument be cali-brated with a CRM that has a much lower water content.
Hydranal – a Track Record of QualitySince the beginning of our Hydranal product line over 35 years ago, the Hydranal Technical Service Laboratory in Seelze, Germany, has applied a high standard for production and quality control of KF reagents and water standards. These high-quality testing capabilities led to accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025 in 2009. Since that time we have continuously improved our processes, and by the end of 2014, we were audited by DAkkS (Germany’s National Accreditation Body) and received accreditation as a CRM producer under ISO Guide 34. With this accreditation we join a select group of institutes and companies worldwide that are working at this level of certified quality.
Until now, commercially available water standards for KF titration have had either no specified quality or were only tested under ISO/IEC 17025. However, these products are not CRM and do not comply with the ISO Guide 34 requirements.
NEW HYDRANAL® Certified Reference Materials for Water AnalysisHow to Make your Karl Fischer Results Even More Reliable
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Certified reference materials (CRM) serve as reference points that are traceable to another internationally accepted stan-dard, like a CRM from a metro-logical institute, or, even bet-ter, directly to an SI unit. CRM should not only be traceable to an accepted reference, but also have a well-defined mass
fraction and a properly calculated measurement uncer-tainty. This information should be reported in a detailed certificate.
We know that our customers’ results are directly affected by the quality of the CRM they use. The choice of the right CRM producer is a matter of trust. One important indicator of the technical and administrative competence of a CRM producer is its inspection and accreditation by an indepen-dent authority. The ISO Guide 34[1] (General requirements for the competence of reference material producers) in combination with ISO/IEC 17025[2] (General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories) represents the highest achievable level of quality assurance and is also called the “Gold Standard” for CRM producers.
References for Calibration and Quality ControlFor Karl Fischer titration, which is the most widely used method for water determination, a known amount of water is used in a well-defined reference. Such water standards have been commercially available now for many years. They are used for calibration, validation and control of ana-lytical instruments and reagents. Nowadays, the required quality of measurement results is increasing continually, driven by regulatory authorities and the general demand of users or markets. Therefore more and more laboratories are acquiring an ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation and these labs especially demonstrate their measurement performance and the traceability of their results by use of CRM. Further-more, the regulatory bodies demand the use of a CRM pro-vided that there is one available on the market.
In terms of confidence, the CRM from the National Metrology Institutes (NMI) are the most accepted among customers. To our best knowledge, only the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) provide appropriate materials for water con-
Andrea Felgner, Market Segment Manager [email protected]ürg Wüthrich, Principal Scientist R&D Europe
Sampling
Homogeneity Testing
Filling in Final Containers
Certi�ed Reference Materialaccording to
ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34
Long-term Stability Test (LTS)
Accelerated Stability Test (AST)
Certi�ed Value & UncertaintyReview and Certi�cation
Bulk Production
Content DeterminationAdditional Traceability Checks
NIST SRM 2890 andPrimary Measurement (Coulometry)
Minimum Sample Amount
Figure 1 General flowchart for the certification process of Hydranal CRM
sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal
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5
Water Content of CRM (wchar)
Mass of CRM(mCRM)
Mass of Reference (mRef )
Repeatability
Water Content ofReference (wRef)
Impurity
Volume Titrant forReference (VRef)
Volume Titrant for CRM (VCRM)
Calibration
Temperature
End Point
Impurity
Calibration
Temperature
End Point
Volume (Ref)
Volume (CRM)
Figure 2 Cause-effect diagram (also called Ishikawa or fish bone diagram) for the volumetric KF titration
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We are pleased to present the first series of Hydranal CRM under the TraceCERT® brand. These CRM are produced and certified under ISO Guide 34 in combination with ISO/IEC 17025, using volumetric or coulometric KF titration. The products are supplied with a printed certificate containing a certified value, comprehensive documentation, proper uncertainty calculation, lot-specific values, expiration date and storage information.
General Requirements for CRM ProducersIt is now accepted by all signatories to the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) Mutual Rec-ognition Arrangement (MRA), that CRM producers need to be accredited to ISO Guide 34 in combination with ISO/IEC 17025. ISO Guide 34 also includes the requirement to follow ISO Guide 31[3] (Reference materials – Contents of certifi-cates and labels) as well as ISO Guide 35[4] (Reference mate-rials – General and statistical principles for certification). In addition to organization and management requirements according to ISO 9001, there are several topics that are cru-cial for ISO/IEC 17025 compliance, including:
• Instrument qualification
• Validation of analytical method
• Traceability statement
• Evaluation of measurement uncertainty
• Education of personnel
• Periodic participation in proficiency testing to demon-strate technical capability
ISO Guide 34 outlines the quality system requirements under which a CRM is produced and deals with aspects regarding:
• Production planning and control
• Maintenance of a suitable environment
• Starting material selection and processing
• Assignment of a property value (water content), its uncertainty and traceability
• Assessment of homogeneity and stability
• Assurance of adequate packaging and storage
• Issue of certificates or documents
The flowchart (Figure 1) shows the individual steps from the bulk material to the final CRM in the designated con-tainer. More details about the general production and certi-fication process are given in the following paragraphs.
sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal
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6
( w) = √∑ ( , )2
+ ∑ (,
2)
2
sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal
Traceability of the Certified ValueAs described above, there are already internationally accepted reference materials available for the calibration of KF titrators, e.g., from NIST or NMIJ. But in addition to a relatively high price, these CRM also have quite a high measurement uncer-tainty. Because of this high uncertainty, we decided to make our CRM traceable to high-purity water instead of a direct measurement to the NIST SRM 2890. Nevertheless, the mea-surement result of every single production lot is verified against the NIST SRM 2890 and the result has to be confirmed within the stated uncertainty.
The current guidelines about establishing traceability (e.g., the Eurachem/CITAC Guide: Traceability in Chemical Mea-surement[5]) describe the calibration with high-purity mate-rials of well-established purity as an accepted concept for the realization of traceability to an SI unit. Our high-purity water reference is analyzed for all metallic impurities, the most relevant anions and organics using ICP-MS, IC and HPLC. The water content is calculated as 100% minus the sum of impurities, whereas for impurities (i,unfound) below the detection limit (DL), a contribution of half of the detec-tion limit was considered. The corresponding combined uncertainty is given in the equation below (where wi,found = mass fraction of found impurity i).
Why is the water content of the sodium tartrate dihydrate CRM not analyzed by loss on drying (LOD)? LOD is a good measurement method in terms of precision and measure-ment uncertainty, but unfortunately it is not a selective method. That means that not only water, but all volatile substances would be measured, and to achieve complete dryness without cracking the molecule is a challenging task. There is a high potential to generate a bias using LOD.
Homogeneity TestingEven when a material is expected to be homogeneous, as in the case of solutions or highly purified substances, an assessment of the homogeneity is required. There is an experimental limit to the detection of inhomogeneity, and the measurement method with best repeatability should be used. Drift during the measurements, overly small sam-ple amounts and an insufficient repeatability of the method can lead to an overestimation of the inhomogeneity of the material.
For Hydranal CRM Water Standard 10.0 the homogeneity of the filled units is established in parallel with the assignment of the property value by volumetric KF titrations using
Content DeterminationThe cause-and-effect diagram in Figure 2 shows the individ-ual uncertainty contributions for the volumetric KF titration.
We optimized the method in such a way that any influences from the calibration factor and linearity of the burette (vol-ume dosing), end point detection, and possible impurities from the chemicals could be disregarded. Temperature effects, influences from weighing, repeatability and other sources of bias were minimized as much as possible. All these efforts resulted in a typical relative uncertainty, e.g., for sodium tartrate dihydrate in the range of 0.2% to 0.3%.
In our measurement setup, the major uncertainty contribu-tion comes from the weighing of the reference (see Figure 3). We use a glass syringe for the weighing of 80–90 mg water on a Mettler-Toledo balance AX205DR. The non-linearity of the balance dominates the overall measurement uncertainty.
Reducing the weight of water down to 30 mg, which is quite common in the user community, would increase the repeatability (Rep) as experimental standard deviation and the uncertainty of the mass of reference u(mRef) dramati-cally. The risk of bias would also increase, and therefore we do not recommend calibrating KF instruments with such low amounts of water.
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0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
u2(Rep CRM )
u2(Rep Ref )
u2(V Temp,CRM)
u2(V Temp,Ref )
u2(mCRM )
u2(mRef )
u2(mRef,bias )
u2(wRef )
Figure 3 Relative uncertainty contributions for the volumetric KF titration of sodium tartrate dihydrate. The measurements are carried out in an optimized design (for minimum uncertainty) and are traceable to high-purity water as reference.
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= √ −n
homamong within
MSamong: Mean square between the units MSwithin: Mean square within one unit n: Number of measurements within one unit
twelve samples that are taken from the entire production lot of about 11,600 ampoules. For solids like sodium tartrate dihydrate, a slightly inhomogeneous distribution of the water is possible over the whole batch, caused by crystal-lized or amorphous material and grain size distribution, which contributes to a larger inhomogeneity. Therefore twelve samples are taken from the entire production lot of about 500 bottles, measuring two samples per bottle by volumetric KF titration.
If there is no trend detectable in the filling sequence using statistical trend analysis, the data set is used for a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results from ANOVA are then considered for the uncertainty contribution (uhom) due to inhomogeneity of the CRM.
In cases where ANOVA shows a negative value for experi-mental reasons, the sum of the between unit deviation plus the standard deviation of the mean can be included as maximum uncertainty contribution from inhomogeneity.
Minimum Sample AmountAs a result of these considerations about inhomogeneity, ISO Guide 34 prescribes the determination of a minimum weight for the use of a CRM. The minimum sample amount is determined in test series using different sample weights. For solids, a minimum value is given in the certificate, whereas for solutions it is assumed that the material is per-fectly homogeneous within one unit, and therefore no rec-ommendations are made. If a sample size below the mini-mum weight is used, this is not covered by the given measurement uncertainty.
Stability Study SchemeISO Guide 34 clearly states the requirements for stability testing and also refers to ISO Guide 35 for further details. The evaluation of measurement data as described in the guidelines covers only apparently stable materials. In case of detectable degradation, both the degradation and its uncertainty shall be included in the stability assessment. A distinction is made between “short-term stability”, which can be described as the stability under specified transport conditions, and “long-term stability”, which is the stability under particular storage conditions.
The stability studies for the Hydranal CRM are designed in such a way that they yield sufficient data for answering questions about the long-term stability at the defined stor-age temperature and about the maximum impact on the CRM during transport conditions, and provide data for an appropriate estimation of the shelf life. In contrast to the recommendations in ISO Guide 35, where short-term stabil-ity tests are typically carried out for only a few weeks, an accelerated stability test (AST) is used, designed to give results over a prolonged period of time. It is an advantage of such a design that the accelerated study detects insta-bilities better than the long-term stability study (LTS) at storage temperature. It can also give earlier predictions about the stability model (stable, linear, exponential or autocatalytic degradation). Stability study samples are ana-lyzed at different points in time, meaning that several months can elapse between two measurement values. Therefore the reproducibility of the measurement method is of primary importance, and this is indeed given for the optimized KF methods used in the Hydranal lab.
The AST is usually performed at 50 °C. Different production lots were tested in parallel at defined time points. The LTS is performed in parallel at room temperature and for a longer time period, which covers the entire shelf life of the CRM. When AST and LTS data indicate a sufficient CRM stability, the shelf life can be estimated using AST data and the Arrhenius equation, where a reduction in storage tempera-ture by 10 °C results in a prolongation of the shelf life of two
15.60
15.62
15.64
15.66
15.68
15.70
15.72
15.74
15.76
0 50 100 150 200 250
% / noitcarF ssaM
Days
Figure 4 Graph from an ongoing stability study for sodium tartrate dihydrate (P/N 34424). Data points from the AST (50 °C), calculated to the corresponding time at 22 °C, and LTS (22 °C) are combined. The error bars represent standard deviations (n=8).
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8
= √ 2 + 2 + 2
hom stabchar
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sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal
Cat. No. Brand Description Package Size
34424 Fluka® Hydranal CRM Sodium tartrate dihydrate 10 g in glass bottle
34425 Fluka Hydranal CRM Water Standard 10.0 10 x 8 mL ampoule
34426 Fluka Hydranal CRM Water Standard 1.0 10 x 4 mL ampoule
times (estimated stability = accelerated stability x 2∆T/10). For example, when a CRM shows no degradation after 6 months at 50 °C, it can be assumed that the material is stable for at least 41 months at 22 °C.
For a perfectly stable CRM, all recorded stability values would lie within the expanded measurement uncertainty of the certified value, and therefore no correction for possi-ble instability is needed. Nevertheless, AST and LTS data are used for the estimation of uncertainty contribution coming from storage, ustab, which is included in the overall measure-ment uncertainty.
Hydranal Technical ServiceFor more information and questions on KF titration, applications or reagents, visit our website sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal or contact our Hydranal laboratories at [email protected]
Uncertainty EvaluationThe certified value of a CRM (wCRM) can be described as wCRM = wchar + whom + wstab
wchar represents the assigned value obtained from the char-acterization of the reference material (water content), whom denotes an uncertainty contribution due to the possible inhomogeneity, and wstab is an uncertainty contribution due to stability testing (short-term and long-term). The homo-geneity and stability studies are designed in such a way that the values of these terms are zero, but their uncertain-ties are usually not. The combined standard uncertainty of the certified value (uCRM) is then calculated according to the EURACHEM/CITAG Guide ‘Quantifying Uncertainty in Ana-lytical Measurement’[6]:
The expanded measurement uncertainty, covering a confi-dence interval of 95%, is then calculated by UCRM = uCRM • k, using a coverage factor k = 2.
References[1] ISO Guide 34:2009, General requirements for the competence of
reference material producers[2] ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the
competence of testing and calibration laboratories[3] ISO Guide 31:2000, Reference materials – Contents of
certificates and labels[4] ISO Guide 35:2006, Reference materials – General and
statistical principles for certification[5] Eurachem/CITAC Guide: Traceability in Chemical
Measurement, First edition. 2003.[6] Ellison, S. L. R.; Williams, A.; (Eds). Eurachem/CITAC Guide:
Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, Third edition. 2012 ISBN 978-0-948926-30-3.
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9
Stan
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s
Calibration Solutions and Test Standards for Mass Spectrometry New Products for LC-MS and MALDI-MS Available
Rudolf Koehling, Senior Scientist R&D [email protected] Jens Boertz, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Mass spectrometry is currently one of the most versatile and sensitive tools in analytical laboratories and is routinely used to identify and quantify compounds in any kind of matrix. Although a lot of work has been done to improve and simplify the workflow in LC-MS, some basic operations
Figure 1 Calibration of the mass-to-charge ratio with lithium formate. The calibration solution is introduced into the MS via the divert valve after the chromatographic run. Lithium formate is suitable for small molecules and analysis which may be impeded by sodium adduct formation.
Cat. No. Brand Description
03565 Fluka® MALDI validation set polystyrene
03597 Fluka MALDI validation set PS, PMMA, PDMS, PEG and PSS Mp 5'000-20'000 certified according to DIN
03598 Fluka MALDI validation set polyethylene glycol
82207 Fluka Polyethylene glycol sulfate
57513 Fluka OQ/PV and Installation Kit for API MS
66023 Fluka ESI-TOF Tuning Mix
14379 Fluka MS calibration solution (Sodium iodide)
00036 Fluka ESI Tuning Mix, for Ion Trap
43575 Fluka 4-Nitrophenol, stock solution for MS
49053 Fluka 4-Nitrophenol, working solution for MS
43530 Fluka Reserpine, analytical standard, for LC-MS
97574 Fluka Sodium formate solution, for LC-MS
01886 Fluka Lithium formate solution, for LC-MS
91296 Fluka Installation kit solariX MS
still remain the same for all mass spectrometers of any age. They all have to be checked regularly for sensitivity, mass precision and resolution. In some cases, this is done auto-matically during start-up of the instrument. Sodium and cesium iodide clusters (Fluka 14379), e.g., Na2I+, Na3I2+, etc. are used to test and re-calibrate quadrupole instruments because of the wide span of stable signals up to 2000 m/z. Lithium formate solutions, on the other hand, can be intro-duced as internal standards after a chromatographic sepa-ration (Figure 1), which can be helpful by providing the ability to re-calibrate the data during data analysis.
In the previous issue of Analytix, we presented new MALDI calibration standards. Table 1 contains additional test and calibration standards for LC-MS and MALDI-MS.
sigma-aldrich.com/maldimatrix
Cat. No. Brand Product Name Mol. Wt. Range Description Package Size
PFS11 Fluka® SpheriCal® Mix – Peptide Low Range 500 – 1600 Da 9-Nitroanthracene: Na+ (Matrix: Counter Ion)
5 mg
PFS12 Fluka SpheriCal Mix – Peptide Medium Range 1600 – 3500 Da 5 mg
PFS13 Fluka SpheriCal Mix – Peptide High Range 3500 – 7500 Da 5 mg
PFS14 Fluka SpheriCal Mix – Protein Low Range 7500 – 15000 Da 5 mg
PFS15 Fluka SpheriCal Mix - Protein Medium Range 15000 – 30000 Da 5 mg
PFS20 Fluka SpheriCal Neat – Peptide Low 500 – 1600 Da Dry Solid 50 µg
PFS21 Fluka SpheriCal Neat – Peptide Medium 1600 – 3500 Da 50 µg
PFS22 Fluka SpheriCal Neat – Peptide High 3500 – 7500 Da 50 µg
PFS23 Fluka SpheriCal Neat – Protein Low 7500 – 15000 Da 50 µg
PFS24 Fluka SpheriCal Neat – Protein Medium 15000 – 30000 Da 50 µg
PFS30 Fluka SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide Low 500 – 1000 Da Dry Solid 50 µg
PFS31 Fluka SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide Medium 1000 – 2300 Da 50 µg
PFS32 Fluka SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide High 2300 – 5200 Da 50 µg
PFS33 Fluka SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Protein Low 5200 – 10700 Da 50 µg
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10
OOH
OH
OH
OOO
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
O
O
OH
C H3OH
OH
OH
OOOH
OH
OH
OH
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RB 2
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
OO
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB 1
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rc
O O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH3 C H3
C H3 CH3
C H3
O O
OHC H3CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RD
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OC H3CH3
OH
C H3 C H3
C H3
OO
OHC H3CH3OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Re
O O
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
OH
OH
O
O
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OHH
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Rg 1
C H3
C H3
O
CH3 OH
CH3
C H3
CH3 C H3
OH
OOH
OH
OH
O
O
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rf
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OC H3CH3
OH
C H3 C H3
C H3
OO
OHC H3CH3OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Re
O O
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
OH
OH
O
O
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OHH
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Rg 1
C H3
C H3
O
CH3 OH
CH3
C H3
CH3 C H3
OH
OOH
OH
OH
O
O
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rf
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OC H3CH3
OH
C H3 C H3
C H3
OO
OHC H3CH3OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Re
O O
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
OH
OH
O
O
C H3
OH
OH
OH
OHH
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Rg 1
C H3
C H3
O
CH3 OH
CH3
C H3
CH3 C H3
OH
OOH
OH
OH
O
O
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rf
Stan
dard
s
sigma-aldrich.com/panax
Belonging to the plant genus panax, ginseng is one of the most well-known herbal medicines. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, but has also become very popular in the Western world. Medicines derived from the ginseng root are used in the treatment or prevention of many health problems including anxiety, asthma, diabetes, headache, stress, depression and erectile dysfunction, among many others.
The unique compounds of panax are saponin triterpenoid glycosides, called ginsenosides. Their potential effects in humans are being studied intensively.
Separation of Ginsenosides in Panax Quinquefolius (American Ginseng) Chromatographic Application and Analytical Standards
Hugh Cramer, Application Scientist [email protected] Matthias Nold, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
Figure 1 Chemical structures of the analyzed ginsenosides
Ginsenoside ReGinsenoside RD
Ginsenoside RB1
OOH
OH
OH
OOO
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
O
O
OH
C H3OH
OH
OH
OOOH
OH
OH
OH
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RB 2
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
OO
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB 1
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rc
O O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH3 C H3
C H3 CH3
C H3
O O
OHC H3CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RD
Ginsenoside RB2
OOH
OH
OH
OOO
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
O
O
OH
C H3OH
OH
OH
OOOH
OH
OH
OH
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RB 2
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
OO
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB 1
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rc
O O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH3 C H3
C H3 CH3
C H3
O O
OHC H3CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RD
Ginsenoside Rc
OOH
OH
OH
OOO
OH
OH
OH
C H3CH3
C H3
C H3C H3
C H3CH3
O
O
OH
C H3OH
OH
OH
OOOH
OH
OH
OH
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RB 2
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
OO
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB 1
C H3
C H3
CH3 C H3
C H3
H
C H3H
C H3
H
C H3
HOH
OO
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rc
O O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH3 C H3
C H3 CH3
C H3
O O
OHC H3CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
C H3
H
H
H
H
Ginsenoside RD
Ginsenoside Rf Ginsenoside Rg1
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11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Time (min)
eR edisonesneG 1gR edisonesniG
1bR edisonesniG
Gins
enos
ide Rc
2bR edisonesniGGi
nsen
oside
Rd
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Time (min)
eR edisonesnG
1gR edisonesnG
Gins
enos
ide R
c2bR edisonesn
G
1bR edisonesnGi
i
i
i
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sigma-aldrich.com/panax
Separation of Ginsenosides in American GinsengWe achieved a very good separation of seven different gin-senosides using an Ascentis Express C18 column. The appli-cation was first optimized using a ginsenoside standard mixture (Figure 2) and was then applied to a sample of
Cat. No. Brand Description Package Size
00170580 Fluka® Ginsenoside Rb1 primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
41868 Fluka Ginsenoside Rb2 analytical standard 10 mg
44987 Fluka Ginsenoside Rc analytical standard 10 mg
01518 Fluka Ginsenoside Rd analytical standard 10 mg
03000590 Fluka Ginsenoside Re primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
01580590 Fluka Ginsenoside Rf primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
00370580 Fluka Ginsenoside Rg1 primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
G7253 Sigma™ Ginseng root from Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng)
5 g
53829-U Supelco® Ascentis Express C18 15 cm x 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm particle size 1 EA
Table 1 Products used
1. Ginsenoside Re 2. Ginsenoside Rg1 3. Ginsenoside Rf 4. Ginsenoside Rb1 5. Ginsenoside Rc 6. Ginsenoside Rb27. Ginsenoside Rd
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Min
12
3
4
5
6
7
Figure 2 Chromatogram of the standard mixture (50 µg/mL each component in 82:18, water:methanol)
Figure 3 Chromatogram of the American ginseng root extract
American ginseng root (Figure 3). The seven targeted ana-lytes are ginsenosides RB1, RB2, Re, Rc, RD, Rf and Rg1 (struc-tures shown in Figure 1). The experimental conditions and chromatograms are shown below.
Experimental conditions:column: Ascentis Express C18 15 cm x 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm particle size mobile phase A: water mobile phase B: acetonitrile gradient: min %A %B 0 75 25 1.5 75 25 13.5 15 85 14.5 15 85 flow rate: 1.5 mL/min temp.: 60 °C det.: 205 nm injection: 10 µL
Extraction method used for ginseng root:NSF International ground plant material: 320 mg (or 36 mg for XRM material) extraction solvent: 10 mL 50:50, water:ethanol sonication: 30 min temperature: 50 °C
Ginsenoside Standards at Sigma-Aldrich®Under the Fluka® brand, Sigma-Aldrich offers a wide range of active components from ginseng, including the seven ginsenosides described in this article as listed in Table 1. Find the whole range of ginseng ingredient standards at sigma-aldrich.com/panax. Some of the ginsenosides are available as primary pharmaceutical reference standards manufactured by HWI Analytik using quantitative NMR for content assignment.
Reference materials for ingredients of many medicinal plants can be browsed by plant genus on our website sigma-aldrich.com/medicinalplants
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12
Inorganic Custom StandardsAn Interactive Online Platform
With a few simple mouse clicks you can definethe standard you need choosing between elementstandard and ion standard, defining matrix, analytesand concentrations.
The new Custom Standards Platform is a dynamicweb page: elements, ions and matrices can only bechosen if the combinations are chemically allowed.
After your request has been submitted online, wewill evaluate the production costs and come back to you with a quotation by e-mail.
It’s easy, try it out!
*At www.sigma-aldrich.com/tracecert you canfind the extensiveTraceCERT portfolio of certified single- and multi-element standards.
TraceCERT® standards for AAS, ICP and IC areCertified Reference Materials fulfilling the highest-quality standards.* Now we can also offer you acustom service where you can define your own multi-component standards at the same high quality, usingour NEW Inorganic Custom Standards Online Platform:
www.sigma-aldrich.com/csp
For all TraceCERT Custom Standards we guarantee:
• Certification under double accreditation following ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34• Highest level of accuracy and reliability• Minimised uncertainties and lot specific values• Traceability to at least two independent references (i.e. NIST, BAM or SI unit kg)• Printed certificate according to ISO Guide 31 • Light- and gas-tight aluminium foil bag packaging allowing up to four years' shelf life
!CSP_Flyer_v6_8.5x11.indd 1 1/26/10 2:17 PM
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sigma-aldrich.com/organiccrm
As we have shown in the two previous issues of Analytix, Sigma-Aldrich® has highly developed in-house competencies in quantitative NMR (qNMR). In the first issue of 2015, practical issues of qNMR were high-lighted[1]. In issue 2/2015, we presented the use of qNMR for 31P nuclei[2, 3].
One big advantage of quantitative NMR as compared to most other ana-lytical techniques is its independence from the chemical structure, which allows it to quantitatively compare two different organic molecules. The Sigma-Aldrich site in Buchs, Switzerland, achieved ISO/IEC 17025 accredi-tation for qNMR in 2009 and has since developed a considerable port-folio of organic certified reference materials under the TraceCERT brand.
These products are characterized by:
• Certified content by quantitative NMR (qNMR) • Manufactured under ISO/IEC 17025 / ISO Guide 34 double accreditation • Superior level of accuracy, calculated uncertainties, and lot-specific
values • Traceability to NIST SRM • Comprehensive documentation delivered with the product (certifi-
cation according to ISO Guide 31)
Table 1 shows the newest additions to the TraceCERT portfolio. These include Michler’s ketone, a synthetic intermediate of many dyes and pig-ments. Because it is carcinogenic and may be present as an impurity in some common dyes, it has been added to the ECHA candidate list of substances of very high concern (SVHC).
Also, two new dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of acetone and form-aldehyde, respectively, have been added among several other products.
You can find a list of the complete portfolio of over 180 products at sigma-aldrich.com/organiccrm
NEW Organic Certified Reference Materials Available!The TraceCERT® Product Line Keeps Expanding
Matthias Nold, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
Cat. No. Brand Description Package Size
80025 Fluka® 1-Naphthol 100 mg
36332 Fluka 2-Chlorophenol 100 mg
07846 Fluka 2,4-Dichlorophenol 100 mg
56884 Fluka 2-Ethylanthraquinone 100 mg
01378 Fluka Acetone-2,4-DNPH 50 mg
79888 Fluka Carbendazim 50 mg
75565 Fluka Chloramphenicol 50 mg
59832 Fluka Dipentyl phthalate 50 mg
92064 Fluka Dodecane 100 mg
68383 Fluka Ethyl p-toluenesulfonate 120 mg
56677 Fluka Formaldehyde-2,4-DNPH 50 mg
06934 Fluka Methyl octanoate 50 mg
56853 Fluka Methyl pentadecanoate 50 mg
47147 Fluka Methyl undecanoate 100 mg
56614 Fluka Michler’s ketone (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone)
100 mg
06859 Fluka Reserpine 50 mg
06734 Fluka Tamoxifen 50 mg
67554 Fluka Thiabendazole 50 mg
Table 1 Recent additions to the organic TraceCERT portfolio
References: [1] Analytix 01/2015 p. 6 –8.[2] Analytix 02/2015 p. 4 –6.[3] Weber, M.; Hellriegel, C.; Rueck, A.; Wuethrich, J.; Jenks, P.; Obkircher, M.
Method development in quantitative NMR towards metrologically traceable organic certified reference materials used as 31P qNMR standards.Anal Bioanal Chem, DOI 10.1007/s00216-014-8306-6.
Inorganic Custom Standards manufactured under ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 accreditationAn Interactive Online Platform
With a few simple mouse clicks, you can define your own multi-component standards for ICP and IC in TraceCERT® quality, using our Inorganic Custom Standards Online Platform:
sigma-aldrich.com/csp
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Pesticide StandardsFor Food & Environmental Analysis
• Neat Standards
• Single and Multi-Component Solutions
• Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)
• Matrix CRMs
• Isotopically Labeled Internal Standards
• Pesticide Metabolite Standards
• Proficiency Testing Materials (PT)
Pesticides not only have an impact on their target species, but also on the environment. Since they are widely used in food production, pesticides need to be monitored to ensure food safety and environmental protection.
When performing pesticide residue analysis, interference is a major concern. To determine matrix effects and result bias due to a loss of the analyte during the workup process, iso-tope dilution mass spectrometry is often applied. This tech-nique takes advantage of the fact that isotope-labeled compounds have nearly the same physical properties as the non-labeled analogs, and thus the same behavior in the workup and sample preparation process. However, they can be distinguished in mass spectrometry. Therefore, by spiking the sample before workup with an isotope-labeled analog, material loss can be determined and compensated.
NEW Isotope-Labeled Pesticide StandardsFor Food and Environmental Analysis
Eva Katharina Richter, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
We are proud to offer our customers a NEW series of iso-tope-labeled pesticide standards (Table 1). Our newest addition includes standards for chlorinated pesticides, car-bamates and organophosphates.
Are you already aware that the Sigma-Aldrich® pesticide standards product line is one of the most comprehensive portfolios available on the market? We have more than 1300 high-purity pesticide and pesticide metabolite stan-dards and certified reference materials for food and envi-ronmental analysis. For more information, please visit our webpage available at sigma-aldrich.com/pesticides or order our brochure at sigma-aldrich.com/lit-request
Cat. No. Description Package Size
50728 Acetochlor-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl-d11) 5 mg
16966 Aldicarb-(N-methyl-13C,d3 carbamoyl-13C) 5 mg
04175 Aldicarb-(N-methyl-13C,d3, carbamoyl- 13C) sulfoxide
1 mg
51949 Azoxystrobin-(cyanophenoxy-d4) 10 mg
74108 Butachlor-(2,6-diethylphenyl-d13) 5 mg
34506 Carbaryl-(methyl-d3) 10 mg
00291 Chlormequat-1,1,2,2-d4 chloride 5 mg
12607 Chlortoluron-(N,N-dimethyl-d6) 5 mg
80033 Cyprodinil-(phenyl-d5) 5 mg
59824 Dimethoate-(O,O-dimethyl-d6) 10 mg
34513 Etofenprox-(ethoxy-d5) 10 mg
90007 Glyphosate-2-13C 5 mg
90479 Glyphosate-2-13C,15N 5 mg
68696 Hexachlorobenzene-13C6 5 mg
34505 Mecoprop-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy-d6)
10 mg
78278 Mepiquat iodide-(methyl-d3) 10 mg
37098 Methoxychlor-d14 (bis(4-methoxyphenyl-d7))
10 mg
07752 Metolachlor-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl-d11)
10 mg
34509 Monuron-(dimethyl-d6) 10 mg
94093 Parathion-methyl-d6 (dimethyl-d6) 5 mg
34502 Prometryn-(N2-isopropyl-d7) 10 mg
34483 Propazine-(N2-isopropyl-d7) 10 mg
34503 Secbumeton-(ethyl-d5) 10 mg
55639 Tebuconazole-(tert-butyl-d9) 5 mg
43232 Triazophos-(phenyl-d5) 10 mg
34504 Trietazine-(monoethyl-d5-amino) 10 mg
Table 1 NEW Isotope-labeled pesticide standards
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14
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Pharmaceutical Reference Materials Primary and Secondary Standards
Patrick Brumfield, Product Manager [email protected]. Nicolas J. Hauser, Operations Manager Laramie WY [email protected]
The quality and accuracy of reference materials are essential to the manufacture of quality medicines and foods. Sigma-Aldrich® now offers an expanded portfolio of pharmaceuti-cal reference standards in both Primary Pharmacopeial Standards and Secondary Standards.
Primary StandardsPharmacopeial Reference Standards (also known as Primary Standards) are highly-characterized physical specimens used in testing by pharmaceutical and related industries to help ensure the identity, strength, quality and purity of medicines (drugs, biologics and excipients), dietary supple-ments and food ingredients.
Pharmacopeial Reference Standards are closely tied with the documentary standards, or monographs, published by Pharmacopeia. Each standard has a specific designated use which is to be implemented in accordance with the official methods prescribed by the corresponding pharmacopeia.
The USP catalog of Reference Standards now consists of more than 3,300 items ranging from drug substances, related impurities, residual solvents, biologics, excipients, botanicals, polymers, near-IR and dissolution calibrators, photomicrographs and melting point standards.
The European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standards catalog includes chemical, herbal and biological reference standards and reference spectra, currently numbering over 2500.
Sigma-Aldrich now offers both the USP and EP Pharmaco-peia Reference Standards. These items can be found on our website at sigma-aldrich.com/pharmaceuticalstandards
Secondary StandardsAlthough not a Primary or Pharmacopeial Standard, a Sec-ondary Standard is a reference material that is traceable to and qualified against a primary standard, usually obtained from a national or international metrology institute or rec-ognized national authority such as the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention or the European Pharmacopoeia. Secondary Standards may be used in place of Primary Standards in routine analysis, including the analysis and qualification of drug substances, dosage forms, excipients and impurities by Compendial methods, as well as R&D, method develop-ment, and process and equipment validation studies. The line of Secondary Standards offered by Sigma-Aldrich is produced under clean room conditions using appropriate cGMP procedures, including batch record documentation, calibration, line clearance, label control, etc. Secondary Standards are fully characterized ISO Guide 34 Certified Refer-ence Materials that offer complete analytical certification and direct traceability to primary standards by both comparative assay (HPLC, GC, UV, etc.) and identity (FTIR, HPLC, etc.) analyti-cal procedures.
Where Primary Standards are available from the different authorities, traceability of Secondary Standards is main-tained to these Primary Standards (typically the USP, EP and BP), which allows for a single harmonized reference stan-dard that can be used to meet the requirements of the multiple Compendia.
To see the full library of Pharmaceutical Secondary Stan-dards offered by Sigma-Aldrich, visit our webpage located at sigma-aldrich.com/pharmastandards
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Standards for Personal Care and Cosmetic Products For Beauty with Safety
For precise quality control of raw materials or formulated personal care and cosmetic products, we offer analytical standards for several groups of ingredients, including:
• Antibacterial, antifungal substances • Colorants • Emulsifiers, thickeners, opacifiers • Fragrances • Metals
• PAHs • Plasticizers • Preservatives • Propellants • UV blockers
Order our brochure or visit sigma-aldrich.com/cosmetics for an up-to-date product list.
1
sigma-aldrich.com/cosmetics
Standards for Personal Care and Cosmetic ProductsFor Beauty with Safety
EU-banned SubstancesColorsFragrances Metals PAHsPesticides Preservatives Plasticizers UV Blockers
1
sigma-aldrich.com/cosmetics
Standards for Personal Care and Cosmetic ProductsFor Beauty with Safety
EU-banned SubstancesColorsFragrances Metals PAHsPesticides Preservatives Plasticizers UV Blockers
Analytical Standards for Flavors & FragrancesMore than 600 Products for Accurate Quality Control!Sigma-Aldrich®’s product offering satisfies the needs of analysts in the food and cosmetic industries. Our selection includes:
• Allergenic compounds
• Sweeteners
• Flavor enhancers
• Fragrance substances used for cosmetic products
Please order our Flavor & Fragrance Standards brochure at sigma-aldrich.com/lit-request or download at sigma-aldrich.com/flavor
Our portfolio is continuously growing. Find an up-to-date product list of all flavor & fragrance standards sorted according to their occurrence in food and beverages and listed in alphabetical order at sigma-aldrich.com/flavor
Flavor & FragranceStandardsFor the Food and Cosmetic Industry
|
sigma-aldrich.com/standards
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16
sigma-aldrich.com/cerilliant
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Natural and synthetic tryptamines are used recreationally for their hallucinogenic and stimulant properties. In recent years, synthetic tryptamine analogs have experienced a resurgence of abuse. The main drivers for this resurgence include their ease of availability on clandestine and legal websites combined with a growing trend among drug users to vaporize tryptamines using e-cigarette devices[1, 2].
Substituted tryptamine analogs including 5-MeO-DALT, 4-OH-DiPT and 4-AcO-DMT can offer increased potencies compared to natural tryptamines as a result of functional group modification[3]. These novel psychoactive substances (NPS) can be synthesized from naturally-occurring trypta-mines, such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) or psilocin, by introducing a methoxy, hydroxy or acetoxy group at the four or five position of the indole ring. Tryptamines with substitution at the five position typically possess more hal-lucinogenic potency than their unsubstituted counterparts or analogs with indole ring substitutions at the six or seven positions[3]. 5-MeO-DiPT, for example, is seven times more potent than DMT[3].
In addition to increasing hallucinogenic potency for illicit use, structural modification of natural tryptamines also pro-vides opportunities in pharmaceutical drug development of new therapeutics. Tryptamines have emerged as drug candidates for managing treatment of anxiety, clinical depression, cluster headaches and substance abuse disor-ders[3]. Other potential pharmaceutical applications of tryptamines include as tools in identifying targets for new antipsychotic drugs[3].
Pharmacological studies investigating the neurochemical pathway of tryptamines have shown different levels of ago-nistic activity upon varying the functional group at the five position of the indole ring[4]. These types of studies are essential to tryptamine drug development, allowing
A Tryptamine Comeback: Interest Beyond Illicit UseSolution Certified Reference Materials of Tryptamines
Maximilian Magana, Technical Marketing Specialist [email protected] Johnson, Manager, New Product Strategy and Tactical Marketing [email protected]
researchers to better understand the therapeutic efficacy of natural tryptamines – like psilocybin and DMT – and their synthetic analogs in treating disease[4].
Mass spectrometry-based techniques are used for the screening and confirmatory analysis of tryptamine analogs in applications ranging from clinical toxicology and forensic analysis to pharmaceutical research. Natural and synthetic tryptamines are sufficiently volatile for analysis by GC/MS[5].While five-substituted tryptamine analogs do not require derivatization prior to GC/MS analysis, derivatization is neces-sary for naturally-occurring tryptamines like psilocybin, for example, to prevent on-column degradation to psilocin5, 6]. Although five-substituted tryptamines are amenable to GC/MS analysis without derivatization, some studies report that adding a trimethylsilyl derivatizing agent can improve peak shape and intensities[6].
Testing laboratories have begun to adopt LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analytical methods for analysis of tryptamine analogs. These methods permit characterization of thermally unstable tryptamines without derivatization as well as the direct, simul-taneous analysis of tryptamines and other NPS in a single run[6]. Screening and confirmation of tryptamines in clinical toxicology applications are expected to increase in coming years as abuse of this illicit drug class widens and as the acqui-sition and ownership costs of LC-MS/MS decreases[7].
Studies have shown that light and air can rapidly degrade aqueous solutions of tryptamines, resulting in poor accu-racy of the reference solution[8]. Cerilliant’s validated process includes manufacturing controls for sensitive compounds such as raw material handling and solution preparation under inert conditions and flame-sealing under argon in amber ampoules to minimize degradation from light and air and to promote long-term shelf life. From synthesis design to performing accelerated and real-time stability studies, Cerilliant ’s certified reference standards are designed to ensure accuracy and reliability of results and to support laboratory regulatory requirements.
Visit sigma-aldrich.com/cerilliant to view Cerilliant’s cata-log offering of certified solution standards of naturally-occur-ring and synthetic tryptamines that are packaged in a US DEA and Health Canada (with TK #s)-exempt solution format.
To receive news on the latest reference standards intro-duced by Cerilliant, register at sigma-aldrich.com/registercerilliant
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17
sigma-aldrich.com/ic
Chro
mat
ogra
phy
References: [1] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.310
9/15563650.2014.885983[2] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.nflfl.
com/e-cigarettes-adapted-smoke-illegal-drugs/#.VP8LNPzF86t [3] Dargan, P.; Wood, D. Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification,
Pharmacology and Toxicology. First Edition. Academic Press. 2013. [4] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/24800892[5] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
article/pii/S0165993610001433[6] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2
Fs11419-009-0087-9[7] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://scitechnol.com/the-use-of-synthetic-
cathinones-and-tryptamines-in-a-psychiatric-population-ImWc.php?article_id=1378
[8] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17002211
Cat. No. Description Package Size
B-022 Bufotenine 1.0 mg/mL in Acetonitrile
D-102 N,N-Dimethyl- tryptamine (DMT)
1.0 mg/mL in Methanol
M-095 Melatonin 1.0 mg/mL in Methanol
M-165 5-MeO-DALT 1.0 mg/mL in Acetonitrile
M-166 5-MeO-MiPT HCl 1.0 mg/mL (as free base) in Methanol
M-167 5-MeO-DiPT HCl Coming Soon
M-168 5-MeO-DMT 1.0 mg/mL in Methanol
M-169 5-MeO-AMT Coming Soon
P-048 Psilocin 5 mg
P-049 Psilocin-D10 5 mg
P-098 Psilocin 1.0 mg/mL in Acetonitrile
P-099 Psilocin-D10 100 µg/mL in Acetonitrile
P-097 Psilocybin 1.0 mg/mL in 1:1 Acetonitrile:Water
P-113 Psilocybin-D4 100 µg/mL in 1:1 Acetonitrile:Water
Cerilliant Certified Spiking Solutions® of Tryptamines
Ion chromatography is a technique which allows separation of ionic spe-cies within HPLC. IC is especially the method of choice in anion analysis, thanks to the wide range of separating columns, elution systems and detectors available. Cation analysis with IC has also achieved a certain level of importance in the analysis of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
As in all separations by liquid chromatography, in ion chromatography, the mobile phase is the easiest parameter to alter if one wishes to influ-ence the separation. In contrast, the separating column and the detec-tion system are in most cases predefined[1].Sigma-Aldrich® offers a comprehensive range of reagents for separation and low-level quantification of cations and anions via ion chromatogra-phy. In an effort to expand the selection of our well-characterized solu-tions of common eluents for ion chromatography, a group of binary concentrates was introduced. The key features are as follows:
NEW IC-Certified Eluent ConcentratesBinary Concentrates for Metrohm® Applications
Magdalena Ulman, Product Manager, Analytical Reagents [email protected]
References:[1] Monograph, Practical Ion Chromatography, An Introduction.
Metrohm, 8.792.5013. 2007-09.
• Application tested using Metrosep columns
• Certified according to ISO Guide 31
• High-purity solution components
• All details about the exact content, specifications and expiry date are described in the certificate
We work hard to continuously expand this group of products. Product nos. 19399 and 69523 are the newest additions.
Visit our website to view all our products for IC at sigma-aldrich.com/ic
Cat. No. Brand Description Metrohm Application Concentration Package Size
62414 Fluka® Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium carbonate concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 5 Na2CO3 64 mM and NaHCO3 20 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
61905 Fluka Nitric acid/Dipicolinic acid concentrate Metrosep C 4 HNO3 34 mM and Dipicolinic acid 14 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
72784 Fluka Sodium carbonate concentrate Metrosep A Supp 7 Na2CO3 72 mM in water 1 L, 2.5 L
75335 Fluka Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium carbonate concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 10 Na2CO3 100 mM and NaHCO3 100 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
38302 Fluka Sodium carbonate/Sodium hydroxide concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 16 Na2CO3 150 mM and NaOH 15 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
19399 NEW!
Fluka Nitric acid/Dipicolinic acid concentrate1 Metrosep C 6 HNO3 17 mM and Dipicolinic acid 17 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
69523 NEW!
Fluka Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium carbonate concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 4 Na2CO3 36 mM and NaHCO3 34 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
Table 1 Metrohm eluent concentrates (20-fold concentration) 1 10-fold concentration
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18Ch
rom
atog
raph
y
sigma-aldrich.com/derivatization
Chemical Derivatization Reagents for LC-MSEnhancing Ionization to Lower Analyte Detectability
Daniel Weibel, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Cat. No. Brand Derivatization Reagent Analyte Functional Group Typical Application
69706 Fluka® 6-Bromo-3-pyridinylboronic acid 1,2-Dihydroxy Brassinosteroids
05689 Fluka Diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate Amine Amino acids
29208 Fluka (N-Succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl)tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide
Amine Protein sequence analysis
61224 Fluka N-Succinimidyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate Amine Glycerophosphoethanolamine lipids
73177 Fluka 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene Amine Prim./sec. aliphatic amines
94076 Fluka {1-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]-2-isothiocyanatoethyl}benzene Amine -
03334 Fluka Dansylhydrazine Carbonyl -
06963 Fluka 4-(Diethylamino)benzhydrazide Carbonyl -
08843 Fluka 2-Hydrazinopyridine Carbonyl Steroids
4465962 Fluka Amplifex Keto Reagent Kit Carbonyl -
59799 Fluka 4-(Diethylaminomethyl)benzhydrazide Carbonyl -
65562 Fluka 2-Picolylamine Carbonyl Steroids
89397 Fluka Girard’s reagent T Carbonyl Nucleosides
92989 Fluka 4-(Dimethylamino)benzohydrazide Carbonyl -
93742 Fluka Pentafluorophenylhydrazine Carbonyl Oligosaccharides
75821 Fluka 1,2-Benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate Carboxylic acid Fatty/bile acids
79291 Fluka 4-[2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7- (2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole
Carboxylic acid Fatty acids
74905 Fluka 9-Anthracenemethanol Carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol -
42579 Fluka 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione Diene Vitamin D
4465966 Fluka Amplifex Diene Reagent Kit Diene -
97622 Fluka 2-Mercaptoethanol Double bond Microcystins
00721 Fluka 4-(Dimethyl-d6-amino)benzoyl chloride Hydroxy Deuterium mass shift
03641 Fluka Dansyl chloride Hydroxy -
05022 Fluka N,N-Dimethylglycine Hydroxy Cholesterol
06696 Fluka 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole Hydroxy Sugars
67954 Fluka 4-(Dimethylamino)benzoyl chloride Hydroxy 17β-Estradiol
72702 Fluka 3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl chloride Hydroxy Tetrahydrocorticosterones
Table 1 Fluka analytical derivatization reagents suitable for LC-MS
References:Reviews: a) A handbook of derivatives for mass spectrometry,
Zaikin, V.; Halket, J. IM Publications LLP, 2009, Chichester; b) “Derivatization in liquid chromatography for mass spectrometric detection”; Santa, T. Drug Discov.Ther. 2013, 7, 9 –17; c) “Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry”; Santa, T.
Biomed. Chromatogr. 2011, 25,1–10; d) “Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for biomedical analysis”; Santa, T.; Al-Dirbashi, O. Y. T.; Fukushima, Drug Discov. Ther. 2007, 1, 108–118.
[1] Chemical Derivatization in LC-MS. Achieving better ionization through enhanced sensitivity”; Weibel, D. Analytix 2014, 2, 6–7.
Modern mass spectrometry techniques such as APCI or ESI are highly successful in providing valuable structural infor-mation, and allow the detection of very low analyte con-centrations in various sample matrices. However, in today’s advanced research areas, such as metabolomics clinical and forensics analytics, there are cases when such methods are insufficiently sensitive to deliver the solution to a particular analytical problem.
Therefore, derivatization reactions in mass spectrometry are used to increase ionization used to result in lower ana-lyte detectability[1]. The derivatization reagents have func-tional groups possessing high proton (cation) affinity that
stabilize positive charge. Of similar importance when derivatizing is the improvement of qualitative analysis by modifying fragmentation behavior to form unique product ions and the shifting of them to a specific, unique mass (fingerprinting), and precise quantitative analysis for profil-ing of comparatively small analyte molecules, particularly in metabolomics.
An up-to-date product list with our current portfolio of analytical derivatization reagents suitable for LC-MS is shown in Table 1.
For more information, visit sigma-aldrich.com/derivatization
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sigma-aldrich.com/berm
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sigma-aldrich.com/berm
14th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 14)The BERM 14 is the continuation of a series of BERM Symposia launched in 1983. Locations have alternated between Europe and the USA, with the exception of BERM 11 (2007), held in Japan.
ObjectiveParticipants are provided with a unique opportunity to interact with key players and institutions from around the world that are involved in reference material (RM) development, production, distribution and use. RMs are among the most important tools in assur-ing quality and international comparability of measurement results, and their proper use is increasingly demanded in science as well as legislation.
Who Should Attend?• Producers, users and assessors of reference materials
• Scientists from analytical sciences and all disciplines involved in the development of new analytical methods or instrumentation
• Government officials and policymakers in fields related to such areas as public health, health care, consumer safety, food quality and nutrition, environmental monitoring and forensics
Symposium Chairman: Dr. Stephen A. Wise, email: [email protected], phone: +1 301-975-3112
Sigma-Aldrich Contacts: Americas & Asia Pacific: Alan Nichols, email: [email protected], phone: +1 814-359-5496Europe, Middle East & Africa: Peter Jenks, email: [email protected], phone: +44 1747 833377
Call for abstracts, registration, partnership and exhibitor applications can be found at www.sigma-aldrich.com/berm
October 11–15, 2015Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center 201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, Maryland 20745, USA
Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center, 201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, Maryland 20745, USA.
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20
sigma-aldrich.com/traceanalysis
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NEW TraceSELECT® Products and Packaging OptionsHigh-Purity Digestion Reagents for ICP and AAS Methods
Matthias Drexler, Product Manager, Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Our popular TraceSELECT product lines for ppb and ppt range analyses have been expanded to include new products and more packaging options (see Table 1). • Ultra-high purity for ppt analysis with
TraceSELECT Ultra • High-purity reagents for ppb range analysis with
TraceSELECT reagents • Extensive certificates listing up to 80 individual elemen-
tal and anion traces • Top-notch packaging material for extended storage
stabilityPlease visit sigma-aldrich.com/traceanalysis to explore our complete offering of trace analysis reagents, standards and certified reference materials.
Cat. No. Description Package Size
96208 Hydrochloric acid 30–35%, TraceSELECT Ultra
250 mL, 1L NEW! 500 mL
43319 NEW! Hydrofluoric acid 47–51%, TraceSELECT Ultra
500 mL
02650 Nitric acid 65–71%, TraceSELECT Ultra 250 mL, 1L NEW! 500 mL, 2L
30885 NEW! Thiourea, TraceSELECT 5 g
Table 1 NEW TraceSELECT and TraceSELECT Ultra products and package sizes.
Brand New Sigma-Aldrich® Solvent Center WebpageYour Resource to Find the Best Solvents for your Application
Our newly designed Solvent Center page (sigma-aldrich.com/solvents) can quickly guide you to the solvent or grade best suited to support your application:
• Browse our online catalog by solvent, grade, or market and application • Download helpful brochures and flyers • Access further information on packaging options and returnables • Find out what special offers are available
You can explore all that and more at sigma-aldrich.com/solvents
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sigma-aldrich.com/fluoroselect
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Labware
Handheld Fluorometers and Kits (FluoroSELECT™)For Food and Environmental Analysis
Jens Boertz, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
The FluoroSELECT product line combines portable, low-cost, single-channel fluorometers with suitable kits for a wide range of applications. FluoroSELECT stands for highly sensitive and easy-to-use workflow solu-tions for determination of a growing selection of analytes both in the field and in the lab.
Each kit contains all documents, reagents and standards needed to per-form the analysis, together with the corresponding fluorometer.
FluoroSELECT™ Acetate Assay KitAcetate (CH3COO-) is a common anion and fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of car-bohydrates and fats. In its acid form, acetic acid, it is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, such as Acetobacter genus and Clos-tridium acetobutylicum, which are found universally in foodstuffs, water and soil. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibac-terial agent. Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar, and is exten-sively used in food, dyes, paints, glue and synthetic fibers.
Sigma-Aldrich®’s assay uses enzyme-coupled reactions to form a col-ored, fluorescent product. The fluorescence intensity at 530 nm/590 nm is directly proportional to the acetate concentration in the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Ammonia KitAmmonia (NH3) or its ion form ammonium (NH4
+) is an important source of nitrogen for living systems. Ammonia is found in the atmosphere, rainwater, soil, seawater, and in volcanic areas. It is widely used as a fertil-izer, cleaner, antimicrobial agent and in fermentation and chemical synthesis. Sigma-Aldrich’s convenient assay uses o-phthalaldehyde reagent to directly measure NH3/NH4
+. The fluorescence intensity at lex/em = 360/460 nm is directly proportional to the NH3 concentration in the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Ascorbic Acid Kit Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant found in living organisms and is applied as an additive in food and in industrial processes. By reacting with reactive oxygen species, it protects the cell from oxidative damage. Sigma-Aldrich’s method provides a simple, direct and high-throughput assay for measuring ascorbic acid. In this assay, ascorbic acid is oxidized by ascorbate oxidase, resulting in the production of H2O2, which reacts with a specific dye to form a pink-colored product. The fluorescence intensity at 530 nm/590 nm is directly proportional to the acetate con-centration in the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Formaldehyde KitFormaldehyde (methanal) is widely employed in industry. Formalde-hyde is also used as a disinfectant and is a commonly utilized tissue fixa-tive and embalming agent.
Formaldehyde is naturally present in all tissues and body fluids. Recently it has been shown that some cancer types exhibit elevated formaldehyde levels. Sigma-Aldrich’s Formaldehyde Kit provides a convenient fluorimet-ric means to measure formaldehyde. In the assay, formaldehyde is deriva-tized with acetoacetanilide in the presence of ammonia. The resulting fluo-rescent product is then quantified fluorimetrically (λex/em =360/450 nm).
FluoroSELECT™ Glycerol KitGlycerol (glycerin) is widely used in foods, beverages and pharmaceutical formulations. It is also a main byproduct of biodiesel production. Simple, direct and automation-ready procedures for measuring glycerol concen-trations find wide applications. Sigma-Aldrich’s glycerol assay uses a sin-gle working reagent that combines glycerol kinase, glycerol phosphate oxidase and color reactions in one step. The color intensity of the reac-tion product at 570 nm, or fluorescence intensity at lex/em = 530/590 nm is directly proportional to the glycerol concentration in the sample.
Cat. No. Description
76786 FluoroSELECT™ Acetate Assay Kit
53659 FluoroSELECT Ammonia Kit
76691 FluoroSELECT Ascorbic Acid Kit
53649 FluoroSELECT E.coli Assay Kit
89872 FluoroSELECT Formaldehyde Kit
00254 FluoroSELECT Glycerol Kit
91333 FluoroSELECT Gram Negative Assay Kit
91218 FluoroSELECT Lactose Detection Assay
42779 FluoroSELECT MRSA Assay Kit for microbiology
Z805726 FluoroSELECT single channel fluorometer fluorescence λex 360 nm; λem 460 nm
Z805602 FluoroSELECT single channel fluorometer fluorescence λex 480 nm; λem 530 nm
Z805491 FluoroSELECT single channel fluorometer fluorescence λex 530 nm; λem 590 nm
89463 FluoroSELECT single channel fluorometer fluorescence λex 600 nm; λem 650 nm
94478 FluoroSELECT Total Coliform Assay Kit for microbiology
Z805823 Glass vials for FluoroSELECT fluorometer O.D. × L 6 mm × 25 mm, volume nominal capacity 200 μL
Table 1 Complete product offering of the FluoroSELECT™ product line
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22
Before activation After 8 hours of activation
Labw
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sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip
In this third article about our new range of Timestrip® indicators (for previous articles, see Analytix issues 1 and 2 2015), we turn the spotlight on tracking time in the workplace.
”Period after opening” instructions can only be followed if you record when you first open or use a product and find a failsafe way of reminding yourself when the expiry date comes around. The same logic applies to other time-based tasks, such as: • Protecting time-sensitive samples • Recording sample collections and their transport • Ensuring that buffers, solvents or reagents are replaced on time • Reminding yourself of when to next service or clean a device • Checking that a process has been completed • Replacing a filter when it reaches the end of its life
Timestrip provides a simple visual reminder that avoids the need to remotely record and calculate dates. They support compliance with time-based actions whether recommended or regulated.
When you first open a product or carry out a task, you simply select a Timestrip of the required duration, activate it by pressing the button firmly between thumb and finger, peel off the backing label and stick it to the product or device (Figure 1). Once activated, a red dye will move through the indicator’s membrane at a progress rate correlated to a specified time, so when it reaches the end of the window, you know that the product has expired. For an animation of this progress, go to sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip. Each Timestrip is single-use and inert until activated, so each time you open a new product or carry out your task, you activate a new Timestrip and the cycle starts again.
Figure 1 Activation of a Timestrip time indicator
Six time tracking products are available from stock, and each comes in packs of 10, 100 or 500 units (Table 1). 1, 3, 6 and 12 month Timestrip time indicators are available in individual label format with self-adhesive backing. The 3 and 12 month indicators are also available in a handy keychain which is useful for situations when it might not be suitable to stick the label to a device or product. All six products are suitable for use in room temperature environments (isothermal temperature of 22 °C).
Custom SolutionsTimestrip is an agile technology and Timestrip CUSTOM allows you to design an indicator to suit your specific needs. You will be guided through the various technical and graphic choices, but a short summary includes:
Timestrip® – The Smart Way to Measure Time and TemperatureGet Control over Time and Temperature
Daniel Weibel, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
• Choosing the time elapsed. You might want a 20 minute, a 3 day or a 2 month time span. You can specify a time from minutes to years
• Your brand colors and logo can be used alongside the Timestrip logo – useful if you want to include an indicator as a free-of-charge reminder in goods that you manufacture
• Calibrating it for use in different temperature environments like fridges, freezers or hot environments
• Revealing a message over time. Any alphanumeric character can be used, words like ‘Replace’, ‘Now’ or even a phone number for arranging a service
• Change the adhesive type/remove it for factory integration into a pack • For customized time period indicators, a minimum order quantity of
100,000 units applies
The following concept images in Figure 2 are designed to show you what is possible with Timestrip CUSTOM. These concepts are not cur-rently available for purchase but can be realized. If you are interested in discussing a Timestrip CUSTOM solution, please contact us at: [email protected]
Figure 2 Conceptual examples of Timestrip CUSTOM time indicators
We would like to know how Timestrip indicators might be useful in your workplace. Please contact us at sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip with your ideas and any suggestions for different Timestrip time periods. If we find that there is significant demand from our customers for a par-ticular elapsed time, we can investigate creating it as a new product line for small quantity stock purchase.
Cat. No. Brand Description
93064 Fluka® Timestrip 1 month
07603 Fluka Timestrip 3 months
06797 Fluka Timestrip 6 months
74831 Fluka Timestrip 12 months
03849 Fluka Timestrip 3 months, key chain
06929 Fluka Timestrip 12 months, key chain
06693 Fluka Timestrip Plus -20 °C
92210 Fluka Timestrip Plus 0 °C
08168 Fluka Timestrip Plus 8 °C
92451 Fluka Timestrip Plus 25 °C
80474 Fluka Timestrip Plus 30°C
80476 Fluka Timestrip Plus Duo 10 °C and 34 °C
Table 1 Timestrips are available in package sizes of 10EA, 100EA and 500EA
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sigma-aldrich.com/dissolution
Dissolution testing is an integral part of pharmaceutical quality control and development, and it is used to deter-mine critical information about drug release from solid oral dosage forms such as tablets. The dissolution methods and composition of dissolution media are detailed in general
Media Concentrates for Dissolution TestsPh. Eur. and USP Compliant Concentrates for 6, 10 and 25 Liter Target Volume
Matthias Drexler, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
chapters and individual monographs. The Fluka® concen-trates for dissolution media are designed to be used directly for testing after dilution to the target volume, as recom-mended by the literature.
• Produced according to USP 37/38 and Ph. Eur. 5.17 • Highly consistent quality • Save time by avoiding weighing and preparation steps • Available for 6, 10 and 25 L target volume • Delivered from stock
More information and availability can be found at sigma-aldrich.com/dissolution
Cat. No. Brand Description Volume of Concentrate Dilute to Conforms to Pharmacopeia
07377 Fluka® Acetate buffer concentrate pH 4.5 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
04319 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
78359 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
04616 Fluka Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.01N 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
43733 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
77498 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
90433 Fluka Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
77528 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
94947 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
42674 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 5.8 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
75972 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
23863 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
73579 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 6.0 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
01476 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
44004 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 6.8 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
91262 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
95411 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
94951 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 7.2 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
78468 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
56940 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
04318 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 7.4 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
41224 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
92475 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
95701 Fluka Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 7.5 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
75583 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
75014 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
01651 Fluka Simulated Gastric Fluid without Enzyme 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
18818 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
14666 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
55331 Fluka Simulated Intestinal Fluid without Enzyme 230.8 mL 6 L Ph. Eur & USP
53757 Fluka 250 mL 10 L Ph. Eur & USP
68856 Fluka 961.5 mL 25 L Ph. Eur & USP
Wet
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©2015 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. All rights reserved. SIGMA, SAFC, SIGMA-ALDRICH, ALDRICH and SUPELCO are trademarks of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, registered in the US and other countries. Sigma-Aldrich, Sigma, Aldrich, Supelco and SAFC brand products are sold by affiliated Sigma-Aldrich European distributors. Purchaser must deter-mine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see product information on the Sigma-Aldrich website at www.sigmaaldrich.com and/or on the reverse side of the invoice or packing slip.Fluka, TraceSELECT, TraceSELECT ULTRA, PERDROGEN, CHROMASOLV, FIXANAL, HYDRANAL, Riedel-de Haën, IDRANAL, SPECTRANAL, and VOLPAC are trademarks of Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH. Sigma-Aldrich Corp. is a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
Date: 06/2015Lit. Code: RLY
