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4th ISSUEVOL- X March , 2016
(Quarterly Issue)
AIMLTA CHRONICLEAIMLTA CHRONICLEOFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY OF INDIAOFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY OF INDIA
ISSN 2349-1302
ALL INDIA MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION ALL INDIA MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION
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AIMLTA CHRONICLE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY OF INDIA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY OF INDIA
Editor :Editor :Dr Satya Nand Choudhary
Patna University, PatnaDr Satya Nand Choudhary
Patna University, Patna
MembersMembersDr. B. N. Shukla
BHU, Varanasi, U.P.
Dr. B. N. ShuklaBHU, Varanasi, U.P.
Mr. Akhilesh Prasad
Tata Main Hospital Jamshedpur
Mr. Akhilesh Prasad
Tata Main Hospital Jamshedpur
Dr. P. S. Kuswaha
Gwalior (M.P.)
Dr. P. S. Kuswaha
Gwalior (M.P.)
Mr. Surya Dev
Technical Officer, UCMS & GTB
Mr. Surya Dev
Technical Officer, UCMS & GTB
S. Ramaswamy
Madurai, T.N.
S. Ramaswamy
Madurai, T.N.
Mrs. Ujjwal A Joshi
Mumbai, M.S.
Mrs. Ujjwal A Joshi
Mumbai, M.S.
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General Secretary, AIMLTA.
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All articles in this journal reflects the views of the respective authors.All articles in this journal reflects the views of the respective authors.
Dr Satya Nand Choudhary, C/o Pooja Pathology AT/P.O.-Anisabad, Dist.-Patna-800002
Mob.: 09334113664, 09472212322, Email : [email protected]
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Walsh SD Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal,
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Save :E/ Aimlta Chronicle/Text June 2015 New dt, 10-06-2015, 2nd proof dt.17.06.15,3r Proff dt. 11-7-15, 4th proof dt. 16-07-2015
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Vol - X 4th Issue Patna
March - 2016
Dear MembersGreetings
AIMLTA - 2016
1. Editorial
2. Effect of Yoga on Biochemical &
Anthropometric Parameters among Diabetes
and Non-Diabetes Population
3. Study of remedial property of ethanolic extract
of Calotropisprocera (root bark) on hepatic
tissue lipid profile of Paracetamol intoxicated
wistar rats.
Good Laboratory Practices4.
5. Student's Corner
6. Central Executive Members
Save :D/ Aimlta Chronicle/Text matter/ Dt. 28.03.2016 (uma shankar singh)
CEP (Continuing Education Programme) run by AIMLTA is one of the best academic activities of the association, not only the incumbents but the oldest and senior members of the association are also getting benefited. It is the only program by which one can bind or compel to go through the books, literature, references etc to answer one's questions. Since the ambit of the laboratory medicines are expanding day by day and the newer methods and techniques are coming to quick diagnose the cases for the planning of treatment. So definitely one should be up to dated accordingly.
This CEP is something unique, it covers all most all the sections of the Pathology, Laboratory Technology such as Hematology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Urinalysis, and Parasitology, so that one should versatile with the subjects and be up to mark. Through this Column my special request to the fresher that you must join this CEP to improve your knowledge and skill, of course some charges you have to pay for that, which is very nominal. Besides that, all the Institutes recognized by the AIMLTA should also introduce this program for their students so that they can face their forthcoming interview boldly and confidently.
Now I would like to convey my best wishes to the readers, members and participants who are going to participate the AIC & SS 2016, which is going to be held in the premises of Dr. Babasahab Ambedkar Marthwada University Auditorium, Aurangabad, Maharashtra on 23rd & 24th April, and I also congratulate in advance to the above mentioned dignitaries for the Medical Laboratory Professional Week (20 to 26 April).That is an annual celebration of the Laboratory professionals, who play a vital role in every aspect of HEALTH CARE.
Abstract : Through understanding this study by the way of Laboratory Investigations with effect of yoga, the data and result outcome of the study will play an immense role in health promotion and prevention of Arthritis disease. This is a hospital bases study considering a small group of population in Jaunpur city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Objective of present work is to find out the effect of yoga on biochemical profile among arthritis patients. This study, consisted of 50 older age (34 male and 16 female) in the age group of 45 – 60 years, was carried out to a biochemical parameter under Arthritis is done at Seven different time {before yoga, duration of yoga (after 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 10 months, 12 months} during the period of April 2014 –April 2015. Including age and sex, the biochemical parameter under arthritis panel which are used in this study are Serum Uric Acid, Blood Urea, SGOT, SGPT, ALK.PO4, CRP, RA Factor, ASO Titer. The major findings are indicating the yoga effects on biochemical parameter having highly associated with their age.
Keywords: ALK.PO4, ASO-Titer, Blood Urea, Clinical, Serum Uric Acid, SGOT, SGPT, RA Factor, and Yoga.
Introduction
Ashtanga-Based Yoga Therapy Increases the Sensory Contribution to Postural Stability in Visually-Impaired Persons at Risk for
Yoga is one along with the six systems of the Vedic way of life. Maharishi Patanjali rightly called “The Father of Yoga” compiled and refined various aspects of Yoga thoroughly in his “Yoga Sutras." He advocated the eightfold path of yoga, universally known as “Ashtanga Yoga (Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharna, Dhyana and Samadhi)” for all round development of human personality.
Falls (Pamela E. Jeter, June 24, 2015). These components advocate self-control, observance of soberness, physical postures, breathing exercises, restraining the sense organs, meditation, contemplation, and Samadhi. These steps are believed to have an impending for the enhancement of physical health by stirring healthier circulation of oxygenated blood in the body, retaining the sense organs and thereby inducing tranquility of mind. The practice of Yoga prevents psycho-somatic disorders/diseases and improves an individual's resistance and ability to endure stressful situations.
Yoga is useful in the management of the following disorders/indications: Amoebiasis, Anxiety Neurosis, Depression, Arthritis, Allergic Skin Diseases, Bronchial Asthma, Constipation, Cervical Spondylosis, Diabetes, Gastritis, Hypertension, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Obesity, Peptic Ulcer, Respiratory Tract Infections, Back pain, Sciatica, Insomnia Flatulence, Postural defects, Epilepsy, Anemia. Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. There are more than hundred different forms of arthritis, mainly Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune disease, etc.
Osteoarthritis is also acknowledged as a degenerative joint disease that results from the collapse of joint cartilage and underlying the bones. A typical symptom is a joint pain and stiffness, initially this usually just occurs after exercise but over time may become even. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased the range of movement numbness of the arms and legs. Mostly, the joints are those near the ends of the fingers, neck, lower back, at the base of the thumb, knees and hips. Osteoarthritis is the most
Effect of Yoga on Biochemical Profile among Arthritis PatientsDr.Ranjan Kumar*, Dharma Raj**, Kumari Simran***, Jaswant Singh Gautam****
*Department of Biochemistry, SSRM Paramedical Institute, Jaunpur, U.P.
Correspondence to: Ranjan Kumar ([email protected])
2
Abstract: Through understanding this study by the way of
Laboratory Investigations with effect of yoga, the data and result outcome of the study will play an immense role in health promotion and prevention of diabetes disease. This is a hospital bases study considering a small group of population in Jaunpur city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Objective of present work is to find out the effect of yoga on biochemical & Anthropometric profile among diabetes and non-diabetes patients. This study, consisted of 80 older age (46 male and 34 female) in the age group of 16 – 60 years, was carried out to a biochemical and anthropometric parameter under diabetes and non–diabetes is done at three different time {before yoga, after 30 days of starting yoga, after 60 days of starting yoga} during the period of 6th July 2015 –6th Sep 2015. Including age and sex, the biochemical parameter under diabetes panel which are used in this study are Lipid profile (Total Cholesterol , Serum Triglyceride , HDL , LDL , VLDL ), Blood Sugar Fasting and PP, Urine Sugar Fasting and PP, HbA1c, Urine Ketones Bodies Fasting. In anthropometric Parameter which is used in this study are Body Mass Index, Body Fat% & Height. The major findings are indicating the yoga effects on biochemical and anthropometric parameter having highly associated with their age. Keywords: Lipid profile, Blood Sugar, Urine Sugar, HbA1c, Urine Ketones Bodies Fasting, Yoga.Objective: The aim of this paper to investigate the effect of yoga on biochemical and anthropometric parameters among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged time. It is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. The term diabetes mellitus
describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Diabetes mellitus may present with characteristic symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and weight loss. In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–ketotic hyper osmolar state may develop and lead to stupor, coma and, in absence of effective treatment, death. Often symptoms are not severe, or may be absent, and consequently hyperglycaemia sufficient to cause pathological and functional changes may be present for a long time before the diagnosis is made. The long–term effects of diabetes mellitus include progressive development of the specif ic complications of retinopathy with potential blindness, nephropathy that may lead to renal failure, and/or neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, and features of autonomic dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction. People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus , Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes Exercise with yoga :Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels. In general yoga means “to add' and in Sanskrit, yoga means “to connect'. The perception and perform of yoga instigate in India numerous of thousand years ago. Yoga is one along with the six systems of the Vedic way of life. Maharishi Patanjali rightly called “The Father of Yoga” compiled and refined various aspects of Yoga thoroughly in his “Yoga Sutras." He advocated the eightfold path of yoga, universally
Status report on Appendicitis Treatment in Jaunpur City Ranjan Kumar*, Simran**, Chanchal Singh***
*Department of Biochemistry, SSRM Paramedical Institute, Jaunpur, U.P.
**Faculty of Science, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bihar.
***Faculty of Science, Shri H.C.P.G. College, MGKVP Varanasi, U.P.
Effect of Yoga on Biochemical & AnthropometricParameters among Diabetes and Non-Diabetes Population
Ranjan Kumar*, Dharma Raj**, Simran ***, Chanchal Singh**** *Department of Biochemistry,SSRM Paramedical Institute, Jaunpur, U.P. **Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India., *** Faculty of Science, T.M. Bhagalpur University,****Faculty of Science, Shri H.C.P.G. College, MGKVP Varanasi, U.P.
Correspondence to: Dr. Ranjan Kumar ([email protected])
Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India 3
known as “Ashtanga Yoga (Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharna, Dhyana and Samadhi)” for all round development of human personality. Ashtanga-Based Yoga Therapy Increases the Sensory Contribution to Postural Stability in Visually-Impaired Persons at Risk for Falls (Pamela E. Jeter, June 24, 2015). These components advocate self-control, observance of soberness, physical postures, breathing exercises, restraining the sense organs, meditation, contemplation, and Samadhi. These steps are believed to have an impending for the enhancement of physical health by stirring healthier circulation of oxygenated blood in the body, retaining the sense organs and thereby inducing tranquility of mind. The practice of Yoga prevents psycho-somatic disorders/diseases and improves an individual's resistance and ability to endure stressful situations.Scope of the Study:
Through understanding this study by the way of laboratory investigations, the data and result outcome of the study will play an immense role in health promotion and prevention of disease. This is a hospital based study considering a small group of population in Jaunpur city.Data and Methodology:
This study, originally covered 100 older persons (62 males and 38 females) consisted in the age group of 16 – 60 years and was carried out to a biochemical parameter under diabetes is done at three different time {before yoga as base line, after 30 days of yoga, and after 60 days of yoga during the period of 6th July -2015 to Sep -2015, at the SSRM Paramedical Institute, Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Among all the 100 persons, only 46 males and 34 females were continued the full six follow up. The biochemical parameters under diabetes panel that are used in this study are Blood Sugar Fasting (70 – 100mg%) , Blood Sugar PP (70 – 140mg%), HbA1C(4 – 7%), Urine Sugar Fasting & PP, Urine Ketones bodies Fasting & PP, Serum Cholesterol (135 – 200 mg/dl),Serum Triglyceride (M: 60 – 170 mg/dl ,F: 40 – 140 mg/dl) ,HDL (30 – 70 mg/dl) , LDL (63 – 129 mg/dl), VLDL (0 – 41 mg%). In anthropometric parameter we used BMI (kg/m2) and Body Fat (%).
Data was analyzed with relevant descriptive statistics like, frequency, mean and percentages were calculated for presentation of data. Paired t test was
used to compare the continuous variables from baseline to follow-up. Mann-Whitney U test, a nonparametric test, was used to compare the differences in various parameters before and after intervention between the two groupsResult:
Table 1: Sequence and duration of yoga techniques practiced by our subjects
S.N. Yoga Technique Duration
1 Surya Namskar 10 2
Kay
kriya
10
3
Pavanmuktasan
2 4
Anulom Vilom
3
5
Shavasan
5
Total
30 Minute
Variables Frequency Percentage Gender Male 46 57.5 Female 24 42.5 Age group up to 24 29 36.25 25-49
39
48.75
50 & above
12
15
Parameters First Day 30th Day 60th Day
BMI 0.69 0.73 0.70
FAT
0.20
0.24 0.19
CHOL
0.95
0.94 0.93
TG
0.43
0.50 0.45
HDL
0.99
0.91
0.98
LDL
0.83
0.91
0.93VLDL
0.99
0.99
0.99BSF
0.55
0.64
0.66BSPP 0.61 0.70 0.71
Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Table 2: Percentage distribution of population bythe age and sex.
Table 3: Population Proportion of Anthropologicalprofile and Lipid profile
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
4
Duration Neutral Very low risk Low risk Moderate Risk High risk Very high risk
US First Day 60 5 6 6 2 1 30th Day
65
4
7
1
2
1
60th Day
65
8
3
3
1
0
USPP
First Day
60
3
6
3
3
5
30th Day
65
2
5
4
3
1
60th Day 65
4
6
2
2
1
UKF
First Day 68
7
4
1
30th Day 72
3
3
2
60th Day
76
2
1
1
UKP
First Day
68
6
1
3
1
1
30th Day
71
4
1
4
60th Day 75 3 1 1
Baseline
A
First Follow up
B
Second Follow up
C
Changes from
A to C
P value
BMI
20.73±6.74
20.18±6.54
20.47±6.63
0.26±1.07
0.031
FAT
26.7±3.98
25.92±3.79
26.23±3.84
0.48±1.51
0.062
TC
172.03±23.96
168.51±22.69
171.19±22.59
0.84±4.52
0.002
TG
122.68±18.74
120.35±17.76
122.75±18.04
-0.08±4.86
0.049
HDL
44.45±9.17
42.28±9.18
43.7±8.48
0.75±3.57
0.621
LDL
103.22±24.67
101.86±23.66
102.72±22.54
0.5±5.56
0.027
VLDL
25.33±8.24
24.89±7.87
24.33±7.67
-1.02±1.28
0.338
BSF 106.58±24.73 102.61±19.61 98.74±16.41 7.84±12.51 0.001
BSPP 148.94±52.38 140.18±43.25 133.59±34.71 15.35±21.07 0.036
ConclusionAt last the research report and the paper consisting upon the different biochemical tests at different levels, ages and gap of time says that the diabetes can be reduced even can be cured through yoga, especially in the age group between 16–60 where the chances of curability is very less through medication, but the actions of yoga must be done in proper guidance of experts.References§ National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2003, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centres for Disease
Control and Prevention§ World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications.
Report of WHO. Department of Non-communicable Disease Surveillance. Geneva 1999§ Academy of Medicine. Clinical Practice Guidelines. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
MOH/P/PAK/87.04(GU), 2004§ NHS. Diabetes - insulin initiation - University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Working in partnership with PCTs
across Leicestershire and Rutland, May 2008. § Al-Ajlan, A. R. (June 2011 ). Lipid Profile in Relation to Anthropometric Measurements among College Male
Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of Biomedical science , 112-119.§ Allain CC Roon LS CSY: Enzymatic determination of later serum cholesterol clinchem,1974, 20, 470-475§ Arnold De Varies: Therapeutic fasting: 4th ed. Chalander Book company, USA, 1963.§ Bowes, P. (January, 2014). Intermittent fasting: The good things it did to my body. Los Angeles: BBC News.§ Braun, K. PRAYER & FASTING . http://powertochange.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/PrayerFasting.pdf.§ Burton, A: Fasting too long Health, Science 2; 1979, 144-146§ “About diabetes” World health Organisation,Retrieved 4 April 2014.§ Bali HK. Yoga- an ancient solution to a modern epidemic.Ready for prime time? Indian Heart J2013;65:132-6§ Shantakumari N,Sequeira S ,El deeb R . Effects of yoga intervention on lipid profiles of diabetes patients with
dyslipidemia,Indian Heart J2013;65;127-31§ Amita S, Prabhakar S ,Manoj I ,Harminder S , Pavan T. Effect of yoga-nidra on blood glucose level in diabetes
patients.Indian J PhysiolPharmacol 2009;53:97-101. § Jyotna VP ,Joshi A,Ambekar S, Kumar N,Dhawan A,Sreeniwas V. Comprehensive yogic breathing program
improves quality of life in patients with diabetes.Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16:423-8§ Alexander GK,Taylor AG,Innes KE,Kulbok P,Selfe TK.Contectualizing the effects of yoga therapy on diabetes
management:A review of the social determinants of physical activity.Fam Community Health 2008;31: 228-39
Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Effect of six weeks yoga therapy on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), total
cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and
high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus before (B) and after (A) the study period
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
The present work was conducted on Rattusnorvegicus to know the effect of Calotropisproceraon the liver of rat. For the present research work male wistar rat of same weight and s a m e a g e g r o u p w e r e t r e a t e d w i t h Paracetamol(1000mg/kg.b.wt), were anaesthetized, sacrificed, blood sample and tissue were collected periodically for Histo-Biochemistry.All the biochemical reading was performed using semi auto analyzer and “student t” test was performed using statistical tool (n=6). Collected liver tissue was homogenized in buffer for the tissue lipid profile which shows significant decrease in LDL, VLDL, and triglyceride level. However C. procera had some toxic effect also. Further research is needed to know the mechanism of action of root bark extract of C.procera.
Key words:C.procera . ,Rat tusnorvegicus , Paracetamol
Liver is the vital organ of the body. It plays a pivotal role in the metabolism (Reddy et al, 1993). It is metabolic “engine-room of the body”. Almost all the drug, foods and water constituents are metabolized and detoxified in the liver, and as such it is often exposed to maladies resulting in a number of clinical syndromes. Many chemicals, foods, drugs and infections (Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral or Fungal) can cause variety of liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Jaundice, cirrhosis, liver cancer etc. Besides this modern (allopathic) drugs exhibit severe toxicity on liver. One such drug commonly used is paracetamol.
Paracetamol commonly used anti-pyretic drug is usually well tolerated in prescribed doses but overdose causes hepatic injury.
To elevated hepatoprotective efficacy of drugs paracetamol, ethanol, isoniazide, thioacetamide as well as carbon tetrachloride are commonly used to induce liver injury in rodents (Subramoniam, et. al.1998).
Present investigation is focused on the effect of Calotropisprocera on the liver'
CalotropisProcera(known by the common names of apple of Sodom, Sodom apple, Mudar or osher or strabgarh) is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family.
Apocynaceae, that is native to north Africa, western Asia, south Asia, western Himalayas and Indo china(Phondke at al,1992). It is commonly known as apple of Sodom, name derived from the Hebrew Tapuahsodom. The green globes are hollow but the flesh contains a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating resistant to soap.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisonous known as “cardiac aglycones”. These belongs to the same chemicals found in foxgloves.
C. procera plays an important role in health care system of developing countries.
There is always increase emphasis on primary health care.
The latex of Calotropisprocera has been reported to exhibit potent anti- inflammatory activity against paracetamol.The ability of Calotropisprocera to activate macrophages effector cells in inflammatory and immune response.
The root bark is very effective wound healing activity (Patil et al., 2011).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Animal model:
Rattusnorvegicus (Wistar rat):- For the present research project adult wistar rat ( Rattusnorvegicus) were selected and bred to get pure lines were housed in polypropylene cages and were categorized into following groups:-
Group I – Normal
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India 5
Study of remedial property of ethanolic extract of Calotropisprocera(root bark) on hepatic tissue lipid profile of Paracetamol intoxicated wistar rats.
BipinBihariMishra,AmitRanjan, NaziyaPerveen and S.R.Padmadeo*P.G Department of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna
Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Group II – Paracetamol treated
Group III – Ethanolic extract of root bark of
Rat was selected to know the impact of C. procera on mammal as well as in human.
PARACETAMOL TREATMENT
In experimental protocol, commercially a v a i l a b l e p u r e p a r a c e t a m o l a q u e o u s solution(1000mg/kg.b.wt) was used to damage the liver of Rat.
PLANT EXTRACT TREATMENT
Fresh root bark of C. procera plant was collected after identification at the campus of science college, Patna University. The root bark of C. procera was dried under shady place, powdered with mechanical grinder Machine. The solvent containing extract was filtered with Whatman no.1 filter paper to remove plant colour and other debris. The pure extract was obtained under reduced pressure by using vaccuma rotary. An extract was prepared freshly for every day. The extract was prepared, 300 mg extract dissolved in 10 ml normal saline. The extract was given orally to rats daily by using cannula/Gavage.
METHODS FOR BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
All biochemical analysis was done on BT-260 plus Semi-Automatic Chemistry Analyzer, manufactured by Nanchang Biotech A& C Biotechnical Industry Co. China.
All the biochemical assessments have been done for normal/control, Paracetamol and Calotropisprocera treated Rattusnorvegicusindependently. 6 observations have been taken in each group.
Tissue lipid profile test, following parameters have been estimated.
Triglyceride (GPO-POD method), Total cholesterol & HDL cholesterol (CHOD/POD method) and LDL, VLDL were calculated by using frieldwald method.
Six observations had been taken in each case, then Mean and Standard deviation was calculated by the formula. The 't' test have been applied through standard biostatistical formula by considering mean of normal Rattusnorvegicusand Rattusnorvegicus as standard mean and comparing individual mean of
different doses and duration of Paracetamol exposures to their respective control mean. After applying 't' test the calculated values were referred to fisher's table to see level of significance at (P<0.05) and (P<0.01).
OBSERVATION
L I V E R T I S S U E H O M O G E N A T E BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION
Total cholesterol
Paracetamol treated
In present work/experiment the Total cholesterol level in paracetamol treated rat decrease upto 21.68 ± 1.18 mg/dl as compare to control (159.77 ± 12.99 mg/dl (table 1 , graph 1)
3 Days C. proceraextract treated
In present work The total cholesterol level in C.procera extract 300mg /kg b.w treated rat increase upto 188.03±0.63 mg/dl as comparison to control (159.77±12.9)mg/dl and paracetamol (21.68±1.18) treated .
6 Days C. procera extract treated.
In present work the total cholesterol level in C. Procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w.)
Treated rat increase upto 146.86±4.34 mg/dl as comparison to control (159.77±12.9)mg/dl and decrase level as paracetamol (21.68±1.18)mg/dl treated.
9 DaysC.proceraextract treated.
In present work the Total cholesterol level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w)
Treated rat decrease upto146±4.34 mg/dl as comparison to control (159.77±12.99)mg/dl and increase level as paracetamol (21.68±1.18)mg/dl treated.
Triglyceride:
l 4 Days Paracetamol treated
In present work /experiment the Triglyceride level in paracetamol treated rat increase upto 193.05±2.77 mg/dl as compare to control (54.72±0.24)mg/dl
l 3 DaysC.proceraextract treated.
In present work the Triglyceride level in C. proceraextracts (300mg/Kg b.w.) Treated rat
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
6 Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
increase upto 174.83±2.16 mg/dl as comparison to control 54.72±0.24mg/dl and increase level as paracetamol 193.05±2.77mg/dl treated.
l 6 Days C.procera extract treated. In present work the Triglyceride level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w). Treated rat decrease upto 178.23±0.37 mg/dl as comparison to control 54.72±0.24mg/dl and increase level as paracetamol 193.05±2.77mg/dl treated.
l 9 DaysC.proceraextract treated :
In present work the Triglyceride level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat decreaseupto 103.21 mg/dl as comparison to control 54.72±0.24mg/dl and decrease level as paracetamol 193.05±2.77mg/dl treated.
VLDL :
l 4 Days Paracetamol treated
In present work /experiment , The VLDL level in paracetamol treated rat increase up to 36.61±0.55 mg/dl as compare to control 10.94±0.05 mg/dl
l 3 DaysC.procera extract treated.
In present work the VLDL level in C. procera extracts (300mg/KG b.w). Treated rat increase upto 34.96±0.43 mg/dl as comparison to control 10.94±0.05mg/dl and decrease up to level as paracetamol 36.61±0.05mg/dl treated
l 6 Days C.procera extract treated.
In present work the VLDL level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat increase upto 35.63±0.09 mg/dl as comparison to control 10.94±0.05mg/dl and decrease level as paracetamol 36.61±0.05mg/dl treated.
l 9 DaysC.procera extract treated.
In present work the VLDL level in C. proceraextracts (300mg/kg b.w.)Treated rat increase upto 20.64±0.32 mg/dl as comparison to control10.94±0.05mg/dl and decrease level as paracetamol 36.61±0.05mg/dl treated.
LDL :
l 4 days Paracetamol treated
In present work /experiment The LDL level in paracetamol treated rat increase up to 220.35±0.93 mg/dl as compare to control 20.64±0.32 mg/dl
l
In present work the LDL level in C. proceraextracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat increase up to91.21±1.12 mg/dl as comparison to control 20.64±0.30mg/dl and decrease up to level as paracetamol 220.35±0.93mg/dl treated.
l 6 DaysC.proceraextract treated.
In present work the LDL level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat increase upto 42.24 mg/dl as comparison to control 20.64±0.30 mg/dl a n d d e c r e a s e l e v e l a s p a r a c e t a m o l 220.35±0.93mg/dl treated.
l 9 Days C.proceraextract treated.
In present work the LDL level in C. Procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat increase upto 2 4 . 1 8 ± 0 . 3 2 m g / d l a s c o m p a r i s o n t o control20.64±0.30mg/dl and decrease level as paracetamol 220±0.32mg/dl treated.
HDL :
l 4 Days Paracetamol treated
In present work /experiment The HDL level in paracetamol treated rat no effect up to 89.11±0.06 mg/dl as compare to control 89.11±0.06 mg/dl
l 3 Days C. procera extract treated.
In present work the HDL level in C. procera extracts (300mg/kg b.w).Treated rat increase upto 56.17±1.03 mg/dl as comparison to control 89.11±0.068mg /dl and decrease up to level as paracetamol 89.11±0.068mg/dl treated.
l 6 Days C.procera extract treated.
In present work the HDL level in C. procera extracts (300mg/dl) b.w.Treated rat increase up to 65.98±0.02 mg/dl as comparison to control 89.11±0.068mg /dl and decrease level as paracetamol 89.11 ±0.68mg/dl treated.
l 9 DaysC.proceraextract treated.
In present work the HDL level in C. Procera extracts (300mg/dl) b.w.Treated rat increase up to 35.30±0.353 mg/dl as comparison to control 89.11±0.068mg /dl and decrease level as paracetamol 89.11±0.068mg /dl treated.
3 Days C. procera extract treated.
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India 7Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
8 Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
TEXT TABLE 1TABLE: TOTAL TRIGLYCERIDE
TEXT TABLE 2
TABLE: TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
TEXT TABLE 3
TABLE: HDL
TEXT TABLE 4
TABLE: VLDL
TEXT TABLE 5
TABLE: LDL
SERIALNO
GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
54.72
193.05
174.83
178.23
103.21
0.24
2.77
2.16
0.37
1.63
SERIAL NO GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
54.72
193.05
174.83
178.23
103.21
0.24
2.77
2.16
0.37
1.63
SERIAL NO GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
159.77
21.68
188.03
146.86
54.30
12.99
1.18
0.63
4.34
0.912
SERIAL NO GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
89.11
89.11
56.17
65.98
35.30
0.06
1.03
0.06
0.02
0.10
SERIAL NO GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
10.96
36.61
34.96
35.63
20.64
0.05
0.55
0.43
0.09
0.32
SERIAL NO GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal Saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
20.64
220.35
91.21
42.24
24.18
0.32
0.93
1.12
0.09
0.32
159.77
21.68
188.03
146.86
54.30
12.99
1.18
0.63
4.34
0.912
SERIALNO
GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
89.11
89.11
56.17
65.98
35.30
0.06
1.03
0.06
0.02
0.10
SERIALNO
GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
10.96
36.61
34.96
35.63
20.64
0.05
0.55
0.43
0.09
0.32
SERIALNO
GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
20.64
220.35
91.21
42.24
24.18
0.32
0.93
1.12
0.09
0.32
SERIALNO
GROUP TREATMENTDAYS OF
EXPOSUREMEAN SD
1
2
3
4
5
Control
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Normal Saline
Paracetamol
C .procera
C .procera
C .procera
-
4 days
3 days
6 days
9 days
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
In the present research work the lipid profile of liver tissue homogenate of C. procera treated rat against paracetamol induced hepato-toxicity was performed to evaluate the effect C. procera. Paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat showed increased level of triglyceride which is similar to the finding of Ravindran et.al,2013.
The total cholesterol level decreased in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat as compared to control which is similar to the finding of Lebda et.al. 2013.
Paracetamol seems to cause impairment in lipoprotein metabolism(Kobashiganies and kasika et.al, 1997)
VLDL level in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat decreased which is similar to the result finding of Labda et.al, 2013.
The HDL level in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat decreased , which is contrary to the finding of Labda et.al, 2013
The LDL level in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat increased as compared to normal which is similar to the finding of Labda et.al,2013.
When the hepatotoxic rat was treated with root bark extract of C. procera , the triglyceride value decreased as compared to paracetamol group. And this trend of gradiation continued to 9th days but the triglyceride level on 9th days was slight greater than the normal group, similar finding has been reported by Labda et.al, 1992.
The cholesterol level increased in C. procera extract treated rat against Paracetamolhepato-toxicity which is similar to the finding has been reported by Labda et.al, 1992
The VLDL level decreased in C. procera treated group as compared to paracetamol group this degeneration continue up to 9th days which is similar to the finding has been Labda et.al, 1992.
The HDL level decreased in C. procera treated group as compared to paracetamol treated group this degradation continue up to 9th day which has similar to the finding of Patil et.al, 2011.
The LDL value decreased in C. procera treated group as compare to paracetamol treated group, this
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India 9Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
degradation continue up to 9th days and value reaches almost to the LDL level of normal rat which is similar to the finding of Lebda et al, 1992.
Conclusion
Through this research work it can be concluded that paracetamol notably cause hepatic toxicity as indicated by damage hepatic, tissue increased VLDL. LDL and Triglyceride level where as ethanolic extract root bark of C. procera caused tissue regeneration and produced significant decreased LDL, VLDL, cholesterol and triglyceride level. However C. procera had some toxic effect also. Further research is needed to know the mechanism of action of root bark extract of C.procera.
References
1. Bhalla, N.P, T.R. Sahu, G.P. Mishra and R.N. Dakwale, 1982. Traditional plant medicines of Sagar district, Bot. Res., 3: 123-126.
2. Blakely P, McDonald BR. Acute Renal Failure Due to Acetaminophen Ingestion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Am SocNephrol 1995; 6: 48-53
3. Brown RA. Hepatic and Renal Damage with Paracetamol over doage, J.clinpathol 1968:6:793.
Comp. Path., 89: 251-263.
4. Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
5. De Gruchy (1976) revealed the haematological and histological changes were observed on rats Indian J. Med. Res., 49: 130-151.Madhya Pradesh. J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 3: 23-32.
6. Grout et al 1962,Seiber et al 1982, triterpenoids (Saber et al 1969 Saxena et al 1979 ) anthocyanin ( Tiwari et al 1978) and hydro carbon(Carruthers et al 1984) besides the use of C. procerara plant latex.
7. Maheshwari, J.K., K.K. Singh and S. Saha, 1986. Ethnobotany of tribals of Mirzapur district, UP. Nation.
8. Mahmoud, O.M., S.E.I. Adam and G. Tartour, 1979. The Effect of calotropisprocera on small ruminants. J.
9. Malhi, B.S. and V.P. Trivedi, 1972. Vegetable antifertility drugs of India. Q. J. Crude. Res.,12: 1922-1972.
10. Nandal and Bhatti 1983, Masood et al 1980, larvicidal (Girdhar et a.,l 1984. ) antifertility (Prakash et al., 1978) and even anti cancer potentials (Dhar et al., 1968, Ayoub and Kingston 1981 ) in elucidated the biological properties of C. procera.
11. Oye Rodriguez and Hernard- Diaz (2000. studied the effect paracetamol may cause kidney or liver damage. expose the value of RBCs ,WBCs Hb,platelets have significant change.
12. Patil P, Prasad K, Nitin M, Vijay M and Rao KS. 2011. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Calotropisprocera R.BR root extract against CCl4-induced hepato-oxidative stress in albino rats. Int J Res Ayur Pharm., 2(1): 319 – 324.
13. Patil P, Prasad K, Nitin M, Vijay M and Rao KS. 2011. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Calotropisprocera(AIT) R.BR root extract against CCl4-induced hepato-oxidative stress in albino rats. Int J Res Ayur Pharm., 2(1): 319 – 324.
14. PhondkeGP. The Wealth of india, Raw Material. Vol. 2, council of Scinentific and Indrustrial Research, New Delhi.ISBN: 81-85038-00-7. 1992;556
15. Reddy PB, Reddy CK, Rambhau D, Venkateshvaralu V and Murthy. Anti hepatotoxic activity of some Ayurvedic preparation. Ind J Pharm Sci. 1993;55(4) :137-140.
16. ReddyBP ,Kokate CK, RambhauD, VenkkateshwarluV Murthy VN. Antihepatoxic activity of some ayurvedic perorations. India J. Pharma. SCI. 1993;55:137-40.
17. Saha, J.C., E.C. Savini and S. Kasinathan, 1961. Ecbolic properties of Indian medicinal plants. Part 1.
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
10 Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES
How to Remove Dirty Gloves (Personal Protective Equipment) Without Spreading Germs )
ROLE OF LABORATORY IN HEALTH CARE
AND TRAINING OF LABORATORY
PERSONEL
A laboratory is an integral part of nation. It
gives service a scientific foundation by providing
accurate information to clinicians and to other
responsible bodies. These informations are
important for treating patients deciding health
priorities and allocating resources , monitoring the
developement and andspresd of infections ,
pathogens,sattus of chronic diseases or their
markers , investigating preventable premature loss
of life, deciding effective control measures against
major prevalent diseases.
On the other hand without their reliable laboratory
support patients are less likely to receive the best
care.
To carry out the responsibilities with efficiency,
ideal training of laboratory work should be
considered and carried out properly . Basic
training should be undertakesn nationally in
accordance with health needs, available resources
and laboratory working environments . A trainee
should be given technical skills, proper
knowledge and right attitude to carry out the
responsibilities reliably and confidently.
In parallel to the theoretical knowledge ,
continuing laboratory practices should be made
compulsory like refreshers workshops.Time to
t i m e w o r k s h o p s m a k e e f f e c t s o n
laboratorypracices of the technicians.
Poor practices of technicians increases wrong and
unsatisfactory results , increases damage to
instruments ,increases contamination of reagents
and samples,creats major risks of health workers
towards lab acquired infections.
Lab acquired infections can be prevented by
practicing personel hygiene, wearing of
laboratory coat, protective double gloves and
obviously a mask ( which is mostly neglected in
general labs), avoiding mouth pipetting ,
disposing contaminated and other non
contaminated lab wastes carelessly without
proper segregation against the waste disposal
protocols,getting personally immunized against
highly pathogenic infection like Hepatitis.
Mamta Chakrabarty, BHU, Varanasi
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
Good practices of personel hygiene also includes proper hand washing , covering cuts and open wounds
before wearing gloves , avoid eating, drinking and smoking inside laboratory. And the most important
responsibility of a lab technician is to participate and follow the Quality Assurance Programme( QAP)
which may be Extenal and Internal or Both. Main purpose of Quality Assurance in laboratory practice is
to provide relevant and reliable test results with best interpretations and most imporatant is on time.
Quality Assurance has three activities :
I) Preventive activities :which helps to prevent error before it occurs.
ii) Assesmentactivities : which helps to maintain testing a QC system,
performing function of machine and participation in External Quality Assesment Scheme.
iii) Corrective actions : which includes all activities performed to correct errors after they occur.
SOPs( Standard Operating Procedures) are also part of Quality Control which improve and maintains
the Quality of lab service to patients and identify problems associated with it and SOPs should be
clearly written and easy to understand .
GOAL OF GOOD HEALTH LABORATORY SHOULD BE TO HAVE ADEQUATE
FACILITIES , EQUIPMENTS, SUPPLIES AND ADEQUATE NUMBER OF QUALIFIED
LABORATORY TECHNICINAS SO THAT WE THE TECHNOLOGISTS PROVIDE A
EXCELLENT SERVICE TO PATIENTS AND TO COMMUNITY.
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India 11Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Six steps to effective handwashing
Danger Signals of Cancer:- I Lump or Node any where in body
Ii Change in colour and Size of mole
Iii Alternation of bowl and bladder
Iv Change or Hoarseness of Voice
V Persistent Cough
Vi Leucorrhoea
Vii Ulcer that to that heel
Viii Unexplained loss of Weight and Fever
Carcinogens Target Tissue Scots Colours(34 Benzopyreneoites) Skin,Lungs Cigarette(N-Nitrosodium Methylene) Urinary Bladder Benzide Lungs,Nodal Sinuses
Nickel and Chromium Compound Skin,Lungs Arsenic Lungs Pleural Asbestos Membrane Vinyl Chloride Liver
Cadmium Oxide Prostrate Gland Mustard gas Kidney Nitroso compounds Bladder Cyclomates Liver
Afloxotoxin Vagina
Multiple Choice QuestionsChoose the Correct Answer
Q 1. A lipid bilayer is permeable to :
(a) Urea (b) Fructose
(c) Glucose (d) Potassium
Q 2. Mycobacterium lepree was discovered by :
(a) Robert Koch (b) Hansen
(c) Edward Jenner (d) Louis Posteur
Q 3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was First discovered by :
(a) Robert Koch (b)Edward Jenner
(c) Louis Posteur (d) None of these
Q4. Trepanema Pallidum was discovered by :
(a) Schaudium & Hoffman
(b) Louis Pasteur (c) Burgay
(d) Laennee
Q5. E.coli was first Isolated by :
(a) Louis pasteur (b) Escherich
(c) Shiga (d) Robert Koch
Q6. Vibrio Cholerae was discovered by :
(a) Koch (b) Metchni koff
(c) John Snow (d) Virchow
Q7. In Electron Microscope source of electrons is from :
(a) Mercury Lamp (b) Tungsten Metal
(c) Both (d) None
Q8. Father of Medical Microbiology is :
(a) Pasteur (b) Jenner
(c) Koch (d) A.L. Hock
Q9. Small Pox Vaccine was first discovered by :
(a) Robert Koch (b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Lister (d) Edward Jenner
Through the courtesy of
Dr. Satya Nand Choudhary
Answer of the Puzzle December Issue - 2015
AIMLTA CHRONICLE
12 Vol - X, 4th Issue, March 2016
Q10. The Dengue Fever virus is :
(a) Arbo Virus (b) Echo Virus
(c) Entero Virus (d) Orthomyxo Virus
Q11. The Largest Protozoa is :
(a) Balantidium coli
(b) Entamoeba coli
(c) Trichononus vaginalis
(d) Toxoplasma gondi
Q.12. Coagulase test is used for :
(a) Salmonella (b) Staphylococcus
(c) Bordetella (d|) Pneumococcus
Q13. E. Coli produce which type of Toxins ?
(a) Exotoxims (b) Endotoxins
(c) Leucocidin (d) Both A & B
Q14. The Major constituents in agar are :
(a) Fats
(b) Amino acids
(c) Polysaccharides
(d) Polypeptides
Q15. Cerebral Malaria is Caused by :
(a) P. vivox (b) P. ovale
(c) P. falciparum (d) P. malaria
Q16. Agar is Obtained from :
(a) Brown algae (b) Red algae
(c) Green algae (d) Blue green algae
1. B - BIORHYTHMICS
2. I - IDIOSYNCRASY
3. O - OSTEOPOROSIS
4. C - CHYLOMICROMS
5. H - HOMOCYSTEINE
6. E - ENTEROKINASE
7. M - METRORRHAGIA
8. I - IMMUNIZATION
9. S - SOMATOSTATIN
10. T - THROMBOCYTIC
11. R - RETICULOCYTE
12. Y - YOLK SAC OVARY
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of IndiaVol - X, 4th Issue, March, 2016
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POLICY
The "AIMLTA CHRONICLE" Journal of
Medical Laboratory Technology, reflects the
views, interests, needs, comments and
reactions of its members on matters of national,
local and specific interest of the Laboratory
Technologist of India. Health care services,
spiritual and personal growth, team work
academical and sociological status of its
members.
Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology of India
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