Barve et al, IJDDMR, 2013: 2 129-130 129
ISSN 2278 – 4799
InternatIonal Journal of Drug Discovery anD MeDical research
URL: www. ijddmr.org Email : [email protected]
STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAF EXTRECT OF DIOSPYROS
MELANOXYLON Barve Ashutosh1*, Mohd.Rizwan Khan1, Neetesh K Jain1,
Apurve Dhariwal, Shalini Jain2, Priyanka Jain2
1Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University,
Indore-India, 2Bhagyodya Tirth Pharmacy College, Sagar
(M.P.)-India. Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The leaves of Diospyros melanoxylon commonly known as
Tender patta were investigated for its antimicrobial activity.
Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determining zone of
inhibition of S.aureus (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative)
in different extracts, ethanolic and petroleum ether extract, of
Diospyros melanoxylon leaves. Ciprofloxacin was taken as standard
showing zone of inhibition (mm) 24 and 30 for S.aureus and E. coli
respectively. In ethanolic extract it was found 25mm and 24mm while
in petroleum ether extract zone of inhibition was found with value
of 18mm and 14mm respectively. This study showed that the potential
of different extracts over microbes for development of new
antimicrobial agent. Keywords: Antimicrobial agent, Diospyros
melanoxylon INRODUCTION Phytomedicines have been an integral part
of traditional health care system in most parts of the world for
thousands of years. According to World Heath Organization, greater
than 80% of world population depends on traditional medicine for
their primary healthcare needs1, 2. During the last few years,
antimicrobial properties of plant extracts and natural products
have been intensively investigated as the demand for safe drugs
which has increased due to the misuse of antibiotics and an
increase in immuno-deficiency3. That a variety of plant extracts,
such as an extract of the root of Sophora flavescense , an extract
of stem bark of Magnolia obovata , and oil of Melaleuca
alternifolia, have been used as traditional medicines for microbial
infections, strongly suggests that natural products are the major
source of important antimicrobial agents4,5,6. Diospyros
Melanoxylon commonly known as tendu patta belonging to family
Ebeaceae, is a medium-sized tree or shrub up to 25 m, and 1.9 m
girth. The bark is pelican in color, exfoliating in rectangular
scales. D. melanoxylon demands light; it is drought and frost hardy
but sensitive to water logging. It is native to: India, Pakistan,
Shri lanka6. Primarily it was used as Antihyperglycimic, important
raw materials of the “Bidi” (Indian cheap smoke) industry. The
seeds can be intoxicating; they have been prescribed in India as a
cure for mental disorders, nervous breakdowns
and palpitations of the heart. The fruits have a cooling and an
astringent effect. Dried flowers are reportedly useful in urinary,
skin and blood diseases. The bark is astringent; its decoction is
used in diarrhoea7.
Figure 1: Diospyros melanoxylon MATERIAL AND METHODE8, 9, 10
Collection of Plant The leaves of Diospyros melonoxylon (Tendu
patta) were buyed (dried), from the Indore in the month of August-
September 2011. Leaves were separated and were made completely
clean and dust free. Drying and Size Reduction of Plant Material
The plant material was dried under shade. It was pulverized to
coarse powder with the help of mixer grinder. The coarse powder was
passed through sieve No.20 to maintain uniformity and packed into
airtight container and stored in cool and dry place.
Barve et al, IJDDMR, 2013: 2 129-130 130
Preparation of Crude Extract 500 gram of powdered plant material
was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with 500 ml 90% ethanol and
500 gram with petroleum ether at 60–70°C for 35 complete cycles.
The extracts were dried at 30–40°C. Microorganism Antibacterial
Sensitivity test carried out by Disk Diffusion Susceptibility
method (Kirby-Bauer Method).The pure culture of Escherichia coli
and Streptococcus aureus were maintained at 400C until use. The
Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) and the nutrient broth were used for
antimicrobial assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by
measuring the diameters of hole and zone of growth inhibition
around the hole and results are shown in table 1, figure 2 & 3.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION The antimicrobial activity of different crude
extract of Diospyros melanoxylon leaf was determined against two
human pathogenic bacteria strain. Two extract of Diospyros
melanoxylon leaf viz. ethanolic and petroleum extract showed
promising antibacterial activity against all strain. Among the
extract, maximum activity observed in ethanolic extract, where as
petroleum ether showed the least activity against all bacterial
strain. Both gram positive and gram negative were susceptible to
leaf extract. Plant extract were most active against gram positive
bacteria than gram negative one. All data were compared with
standard ciprofloxacin having zone of inhibition 24mm, 30mm for
both the strain respectively. In the present work, gram positive S.
aureus was most susceptible with inhibition zone of 25mm, 18mm in
ethanolic and petroleum ether extract respectively whereas in gram
negative bacteria E. coli, inhibition zone 24mm, 14mm in ethanolic
and petroleum ether extract respectively. All data were compared
with standard ciprofloxacin having zone of inhibition 24mm, 30mm
for both the strain respectively. 1. Table No.1 Antibacterial
activity of different extract against Staphylococcus aureus and E.
Coli
Microorganism
Zone of inhibition(mm) Ciprofloxacin Ethanol
extract
Petroleum Ether extract
S.aureus 24 25 18 E. coli 30 24 14
Figure No.2. Figure shows zone of inhibition of S.aureus with
ciprofloxacin
Figure No.3. Inhibition showed by ethanol extract on E. coli
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