ISSN 1313 - 8820Volume 6, Number 3

September 2014

2014

Scope and policy of the journalAgricultural Science and Technology /AST/ – an International Scientific Journal of Agricultural and Technology Sciences is published in English in one volume of 4 issues per year, as a printed journal and in electronic form. The policy of the journal is to publish original papers, reviews and short communications covering the aspects of agriculture related with life sciences and modern technologies. It will offer opportunities to address the global needs relating to food and environment, health, exploit the technology to provide innovative products and sustainable development. Papers will be considered in aspects of both fundamental and applied science in the areas of Genetics and Breeding, Nutrition and Physiology, Production Systems, Agriculture and Environment and Product Quality and Safety. Other categories closely related to the above topics could be considered by the editors. The detailed information of the journal is available at the website. Proceedings of scientific meetings and conference reports will be considered for special issues.

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Editors and Sections

Genetics and Breeding

Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria)Nikolay Tsenov (Bulgaria)Max Rothschild (USA)Ihsan Soysal (Turkey)Horia Grosu (Romania)Bojin Bojinov (Bulgaria)Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria)

Nutrition and Physiology

Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria)Peter Surai (UK)Zervas Georgios (Greece)Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria)

Production Systems

Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria)Bogdan Szostak (Poland)Dimitar Panaiotov (Bulgaria)Banko Banev (Bulgaria)Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria)

Agriculture and Environment

Georgi Petkov (Bulgaria)Ramesh Kanwar (USA)Martin Banov (Bulgaria)

Product Quality and Safety

Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria)Stefan Denev (Bulgaria)Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria)

English Editor

Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria)

2014

ISSN 1313 - 8820 Volume 6, Number 3September 2014

Morphological, reproductive manifestations and chemical composition of tomato varieties for greenhouse production

1 2N. Valchev *, G. Pevicharova

1Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria2Vegetable Crops Research Institute Maritsa, 32 Brezovsko shose, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract. The morphological and reproductive manifestations as well as the chemical composition of seven introduced, indeterminate tomato varieties, grown in greenhouses in the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv were studied in the period 2012 – 2013. The tomato plants are transplanted in February and grown according to the conventional technology for late production. The indices determining the growth and reproductive manifestation of the plants were studied by the method for comparative variety investigation. It was established that the greatest average fruit weight – 246 g was observed in variety Beladona. The variety Kiveli exceeds the remaining by earliness. The highest total yield – 212220 kg/ha is recorded in variety Panekra. The content of the basic chemical components of the fruits is the greatest in the varieties Setia, Afen and Rashel. The total sensory evaluation is the highest in the varieties Beladona and Setia.

Keywords: tomato, greenhouse, earliness, yield

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 6, No 3, pp , 2014370 - 372

Introduction calculated by the yield, obtained from the first five harvests. The total yield was formed by the standard fruits from all harvests. In the period of total fruitage the average weight, fruit index, pericarp Good nutritive and taste properties of the tomato specify the thickness, locules number and resistance to pressing (by Hopler) of position of this vegetable crop as the most widespread one in the 20 standard fruits from each replication were determined. The basic world, grown in open field and in cultivation facilities. The chemical components and estimation of the sensory properties of requirements of the consumers to the morphological, physical-the fruits were determined in the laboratory of quality at the Maritsa mechanical and taste properties of the varieties continuously VCRI. Dry matter content was defined fractometrically, ascorbic acid increase. The interest of science and producers is orientated to by Tillman's reaction, total sugars by Schoorl-Regenbogen varieties with high potential regarding yield, earliness, fruit quality, (Genadie et al., 1969), titratable organic acids, total pigments, resistance to diseases and pests, plasticity to the factors of the lycopin and β-carotene by Manuelyan (Manuelyan, 1991).environment (Malfa and Leonardi, 1992; Perko et al., 1997;

The organoleptic properties of fruits were evaluated by expert-Benedictos, 2000; Siviero et al., 2000; Siviero et al., 2000). As a tasters by a 5 rating scale with a step of 0.25 by the characters – result of the great interest and active breeding work, several foreign appearance, shape, colour, aroma, size of pedicle hole, acidity, tomato varieties mainly for greenhouse production enter the country sweetness, total taste.every year. These varieties are developed for conditions, growing

The results were processed statistically by multiple analysis of technologies and cultivation facilities that are different from those in variance (programme SPSS).Bulgaria. Therefore, it is necessary to established their potential and

adaptability to the specific conditions (Ganeva et al., 2001; Dimitrov and Pevicharova, 2004; Ganeva and Toskov, 2004).

Results and discussionThe purpose of the study was to investigate the morphological, reproductive manifestations and taste properties of the introduced tomato varieties, grown in greenhouse conditions. Morphological analysis demonstrates that the greatest average

weight of the fruits is recorded in variety Beladona. Varieties Panekra and Kiveli differ with large fruits. The fruits of the remaining varieties were mid-large (Table 1). The shape of the fruits is flat-Material and methodsround in the varieties Penekra, Kiveli, Setia, Rashel and almost round – in varieties Kartie, Beladona and Afen. The fruits of all The study was conducted at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops varieties are with uniform red colour except for variety Afen – with Research Institute (VCRI), Plovdiv in the period 2012 – 2013. Seven pink coloured fruits. Their surface is smooth to slightly ribbing – for indeterminate tomato varieties were included in this study. The

2 variety Panekra crack resistant and without green shoulder. The experiment was set by block scheme in four replications on 9.6 m varieties with the firmest fruits were Panekra and Kiveli. The higher experimental plot, including 27 plants. Tomato was planted in resistance to pressure guarantees good transportability of the February according to the generally accepted technology for late remaining varieties, too. Lower resistance to pressure was observed production. The indices determining the growth and reproductive in variety Afen which is typical for the pink coloured varieties. The manifestations of the plants were studied by the methods for fruits of the studied varieties did not differ by number of locules. The comparative variety study (Nikolov et al., 1987). The earliness was

* e-mail: neya.plovdiv@gmail.com

370

371

thickest fruit pericarp was observed in varieties Panekra and Kartie The fruit quality of the different tomato varieties is determined while the thinnest – in variety Afen. not by the largeness, firmness, and shape but mainly by chemical

The data about economic earliness of the varieties (Table 2) composition in view of which of the characters such as dry matter show that in the two years of the study the early yield was the highest content, vitamin C and aids content, etc. are of great importance. in varieties Kiveli and Afen, being 8 – 9.8 from the total yield. The Varieties Afen and Setia that did not differ statistically are with the start of harvesting for all varieties at this term of sowing was at the highest dry matter content among the studied varieties, followed by end of April and the greatest amount of yields was obtained at the Rashel and Kartie while the varieties Panekra and Kiveli are with the end of May. lowest dry matter content (Table 4). Ascorbic acid is one of the

All tested varieties are high yielding (Table 3). The highest total elements determining the biological value of tomato. The highest yield is obtained in variety Panekra exceeding the remaining vitamin C content is recorded in variety Setia. This index is with varieties by 11.2% – 33.3%. Very good results demonstrate the higher values in varieties Rashel and Afen. Considerably lower is the variety Kiveli exceeding the remaining varieties by yield with 7% – vitamin C content in the fruits of Panekra compared to the remaining 19.8%. varieties. The percentage of the titratable organic acids is with the

Table 2. Economic earliness of varieties (кg/hа )

a,b,c…- Duncan s multiple range test p<0.05’

VarietyMean Mean

2012 2013

± SD ± SD

Panekra

Kiveli

Beladona

Kartie

Setia

Afen

Rashel

c13030a15320bc13920c13610c12880ab14730d10280

90.5

119.6

65.3

59.6

35.2

63.3

72.6

c13130a15100b13240ab14790c106200a16180c 9350

39.1

79.3

72.7

187.6

126.3

85.9

142.1

Table 1. Morphological and physical-mechanical analysisof the studied F hybrids of greenhouse tomato1

a,b,c…- Duncan s multiple range test p<0.05’

VarietyAverage fruit

weight,g

Indexof fruiti = h/d

Resistance to pressure,

кg

Ioculenumber

Pericarpthickness,

сm

Panekra

Kiveli

Beladona

Kartie

Setia

Afen

Rashel

b216b218a246c178c164d118c184

de0.77e0.75b0.84c0.81de0.77a0.94cd0.79

a17.8a17.7ab16.5b13.4b12.6c 7.1b13.5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

a1.12b0.85b0.87a1.10b0.85c0.50b0.80

1-st date

2-nd date

average fromharvests

Rating

5

4

3

2

1

Pankera Kiveli Beladona Kartie Setia Afen Rashel

Figure 1. Total sensory evaluation of the studied F hybrids of greenhouse tomato1

Table 3. Total yield of varieties (kg/ha)

a,b,c…- Duncan s multiple range test p<0.05’

VarietyAverage forthe periodMean Mean

2012 2013

± SD ± SD

Panekra

Kiveli

Beladona

Kartie

Setia

Afen

Rashel

a216050b189330e166440b173840g157120f162430c176280

173.6

148.8

131.9

141.7

171.1

57.4

153.9

a208390b192160e170320b175960g161100f163800c179920

189.7

172.1

152.6

119.2

272.3

175.8

162.2

212220

190740

168380

174900

159110

163110

178100

Table 4. Basic chemical components in the studied F1

hybrids of greenhouse tomato

a,b,c…- Duncan’s multiple range test p<0.05

VarietyDry matter

contentRe, %

Ascorbicacid,mg %

Titratableorganic acids,

%

Totalpigments,

mg %

Lycopin,mg %

Panekra

Kiveli

Beladona

Kartie

Setia

Afen

Rashel

c3.9c4.1bc4.3ab4.6a4.9a5.0ab4.7

e13.84d16.52cd17.42bcd18.98a22.78abc20.10ab20.99

c0.34c0.35c0.34bc0.37a0.46bc0.38ab0.41

a4.46a4.38a4.72b3.16ab3.85a4.83a4.92

a3.96a3.98a4.34b2.66ab3.48a4.57a4.62

372

highest values in the fruits of variety Setia, followed by Rashel. In 533, 543-548.Afen and Kartis the acids content did not differ statistically as well as Ganeva D, Pevicharova G and Stamova L, 2001. Study on F 1

that in the varieties Beladona, Kiveli and Panekra. The content of hybrids of tomato for fresh consumption with increased firmness and total pigments and lycopin determining the intensity of the fruit colour storage. Scientific Works Agricultural University, Plovdiv, XLVI, 3, was the highest in variety Rashel as the differences were not 71-76.statistically recorded in varieties Afen, Kiveli and Panekra. Ganeva D and Toskov K, 2004. Study of new greenhouse tomato

The total sensory evaluation for the varieties (Figure 1) on the varieties in the condition of early field production. Report at Scientific first date of recording was within the limits from 3.8 to 4.5 as it was conference with International participation, Stara Zagora. the highest in variety Melodia. In the second recording the values Technological questions in plant-growing 2, 82-86. were from 3.4 for Afen to 4.5 for Beladona and Setia. The highest Genadiev A Kalcheva D, Nenchev N, Tevekeliev N and evaluation 4.4 was given to varieties Beladona and Setia average for Chavdarova N, 1969. Analysis of the food products. Tehnika, Sofia the harvests. (Bg).

Dimitrov Pl and Pevicharova G, 2004. Adaptability of new tomato varieties to microclimatic conditions of spring production in unheated greenhouses. Plant Growing Sciences, 1.ConclusionMalfa GLa and Leonardi C, 1992. Characteristics of tomato fruits produced in cold greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 303, 33-38.

The greatest average fruit weight – 246 g was observed in Manuelyan H, 1991.Express methods for assessing the carotenoid variety Beladona. The fruits of variety Panekra were the most composition of tomato fruits (in G.Kallo. Genetic improvement of resistant to pressure. Variety Kiveli exceeds the remaining ones by tomato) Spring – Velag, 193-195.earliness. The highest total yield – 212220 kg/ha was obtained from Nikolov I, Popova S and Tsenkova R, 1987. Methods for variety Panekra. The content of the basic chemical components conducting competitive variety experiments with vegetable crops determining the fruit quality was the highest in varieties Setia, Afen and potato. Center for variety test and variety maintenance, Sofia, and Rashel. The total sensory evaluation was the highest in the 15-21.varieties Beladona and Setia. Perko J, Coppey G and Berthouzoz F, 1997. Field tomatoes:

comparison of traditional and long life varieties. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture and Horticulture, 29, 203-205.

References Siviero P, Sandei L and Cacchioli C, 2000. Comparison of early and mid-early tomato hybrids. Informatore Agrario, 56, 45-47.

Benedictos PJr, 2000. Evaluation of tomato commercial cultivars Siviero P, Sandei L and Zanotti G, 2000. Comparison of mid-late and lines for fresh market and processing use. Acta Horticulturae, and tomato hybrids. Informatore Agrario, 56, 49-51.

Genetics and Breeding

Nutrition and Physiology

Production Systems

Production potential of new triticale varieties grown in the region of DobrudzhaA. Ivanova, N. Tsenov

Resistance of Bulgarian tomato varieties to the races of Xanthomonas vesicatoriaK. Aleksandrova, D. Ganeva, N. Bogatzevska

Evaluation of the combining ability for yield of grain of middle early maize linesV. Valkova, N. Petrovska

Effects of aflatoxin В1 on production traits, humoral immune response and immunocompetent organs in broiler chickens I. Valchev, I. Zarkov, N. Grozeva, Y. Nikolov

Effect of linseed and sunflower oil supplementation in the diet on the growth performance in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), cultivated in recirculating system G. Zhelyazkov, Y. Staykov, G. Nikolov

Pharmacokinetics of some inorganic and organic zinc compounds in broiler chickens S. Ivanova, D. Dimitrova, М. Petrichev, L. Parvanova, G. Kalistratov, L. Vezenkov

Seasonal changes in fatty acid composition and fat soluble vitamins content of grass carp and common carpD. Dobreva, A. Merdzhanova, L. Makedonski, M. Stancheva

Effect of herd and number of lactation on milking temperament score in Black-and-White cowsI. Marinov, I. Slaveva, Zh. Gergovska

Effects of different dietary nitrogen sources on duodenal chyme parameters in yearling sheep T. Slavov, V. Radev, R. Mihaylov, I. Varlyakov

Growing of common carp fingerlings in net cages at different stoking densitiesY. Staykov, S. Stoyanova

Cold and winter resistances of different oilseed canola hybrids and possibilities for reseeding of damaged by frost cropsG. Delchev

Efficiency and selectivity of some herbicides on winter oilseed rapeM. Dimitrova, I. Zhalnov, D. Stoychev

Effect of the date of application of a set of herbicides in common winter wheat crops on weed infestation Z. Petrova, G. Sabev

Influence of the wooden filings on some soil indicators of the apple plant in a stoolbedR. Popova, G. Dobrevska, H. Djugalov, A. Matev, L. Dospatliev, A. Stoyanova

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Effect of the length of the interstock on the growth and reproductive aspects of sweet cherry cultivar Biggareau BurlatP. Kaymakanov

Soil acidity and content of the available N, P and K in the region of south DobrudzhaM. Nankova, I. Iliev, N. Nankov, G. Milev

Efficacy and selectivity of herbicides and herbicide combinations at winter oilseed canola, grown by conventional and Clearfield technologiesG. Delchev

Influence of the methods of propagation on persimmon fruit tree producingA. Yordanov, S. Tabakov, G. Dobrevska

Agroecological assessment of wastewater and sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant by content nutrient inputsG. Kostadinova, D. Dermendjieva, G. Petkov, J. Gotchev

Evaluation of porcine claw horn health T. Penev, V. Katsarov

Effect of different nitrogen sources on growth of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in aquaculture wastewaterК. Velichkova

Vertical distribution of foliar pathogens on wheatR. Rodeva, Z. Stoyanova, S. Nedyalkova, M. Pastirčák, M. Hudcovicova

Septoria/Stagonospora diseases of durum wheat (Triticum durum) in BulgariaR. Rodeva, S. Nedyalkova, Z. Stoyanova

Fatty acids profile, atherogenic and thrombogenic health indices of white brined cheese made from buffalo milkN. Naydenova, I. Kaishev, T. Iliev, G. Mihaylova

Influence of the temperature for distillation on the yield and quality of the Rosa alba L. essential oilA. Dobreva

Fatty acid composition of backfat during frozen storage in pigs fed vitamin E supplemented dietT. Popova

Toxic and essential metal concentration of freshwater fishes from Pyasachnik Dam, BulgariaK. Peycheva, V. Panayotova, l. Makedonski, M. Stancheva

Morphological, reproductive manifestations and chemical composition of tomato varieties for greenhouse productionN. Valchev, G. Pevicharova

Agriculture and Environment

Product Quality and Safety

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thmance in dairy cows,IX International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, September 11–14, Berlin, Germany.Thesis:Hristova D, 2013. Investigation on genetic diversity in local sheep breeds using DNA markers. Thesis for PhD, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, (Bg).

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