ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through €¦ · · 2016-07-24ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Review Article ... covered with the leaves and bandaged. 16 Albizzia lebbeck

Chaitanya Sravanthi K * et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy & Technology

IJPT | Dec-2010 | Vol. 2 | Issue No.4 | 603- 624

Page 603

ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Review Article

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WOUND HEALING HERBS – A REVIEW Chaitanya Sravanthi K*, Sarvani Manthri, Srilakshmi S, Ashajyothi V

Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan Hills, Deshmukhi Village, Pochampally Mandal, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh - 508284

E-mail: [email protected] Received on 10-10-2010 Accepted on 05-11-2010

Abstract: Wound is a general complication seen all over the world and plants are mostly considered as a primary

remedy to heal wounds. Lot of research on medicinal plants is now on par with synthetic molecules for decades to

heal wounds, though a smaller complication yet dangerous if left untreated. Traditionally plant materials are used to

treat and heal wounds for several thousand years. All the Indian systems of medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani

describe drugs of plant, mineral and animal origin to treat and heal wounds. Plants are given prime importance as

they are easily available but scientific evidence for their wound healing activity is available for only few plant

materials. Turmeric is most commonly used all over India from decades to treat any small cuts, bruises or wounds.

Nature is blessed with a variety of medicinal plants which upon exploration can provide us wonderful drugs which

can be used to heal almost all ailments. This paper presents a limited review of plants used for wound healing.

Key words: Wound healing, Herbs, Traditional medicine.

Introduction:

A wound is a disruption in the continuity of cells—anything that causes cells that would normally be

connected to become separated. Wound healing is the restoration of that continuity. Several effects may result with

the occurrence of a wound: immediate loss of all or part of organ functioning, sympathetic stress response,

hemorrhage and blood clotting, bacterial contamination, and death of cells.



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Herbal remedies are considered the oldest forms of health care known to mankind on this earth. The parts of

the plant used for medicinal purposes are leaves, root, stem, fruits, the complete aerial parts, the whole plant, barks

(root and stem) and flowers. However, leaves were found most frequently used part.

Exploring the herbs for their potential wound healing activity is essential. In India, it is reported that traditional

healers use 2500 plant species and 100 species of plants serve as regular sources of medicine1. An investigation

conducted at Jalgaon District of Maharashtra State, India revealed that wound healing natural products usually

localized in root (27% ) > leaves (20%) > stem > seed > whole plant > fruit > flower > rhizome > tuber > shoot >

stamen > grain > gall > filament and plant product like latex (46%), oil (40%) , gum and resin (7%)2.

1 Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae3 Gel is used to treat burns and to heal wounds.

2 Anredera diffusa4, Basellaceae Used as a wound-healing agent in traditional Peruvian medicine. Acid hydrolysis of the bioactive ethanolic extract, followed by in vivo activity-guided fractionation, yielded oleanolic acid, with a wound-healing activity equivalent to 42.9% (p < 0.01) above the control.

3 Acorus calamus Linn, Acoraceae5 Ethanolic extract of leaves enhanced wound contraction, decreased epithelialisation time, increased hydroxyproline content and histological characteristics suggest that the extract may have therapeutic benefits in wound healing.

4 Alternanthera brasiliana Kuntz6 Methanolic extract of leaf is used for treatment of wounds

5 Acacia honey7 The area of epithelization was found to increase, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin-breaking strength, tissue granulation. The hydroxyproline content also increased in

the rats treated with higher doses of honey compared to control, indicating an increase in collagen formation.

6 Arnebia densiflora, Boraginaceae8 Hexane extract of roots showed significant wound healing activity with the ointment formulation of 1% concentration.

7 Allamanda cathartica, Apocynaceae9 Aqueous leaf extract showed significant wound healing activity.

8 Astragali Radix, Fabaceae10 Boiling water extract of the root significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing by suppressing inflammation and stimulating basal cell growth in the wound area compared to epidermal growth factor as a positive control.

9 Annona squamosa, Annonaceae11 It is used as 5% (w/w)ointment of alcoholic extract of dried leaves in white petroleum jelly. Powder of its seeds is used to treat maggoty wounds

10 Argemone Mexicana, Papaveraceae12 Leaves and latex used as topical application on wound

11 Achyranthes aspera L., Amaranthaceae12 Traditionally the juice of leaves is



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applied on the wound directly 12 Areca catechu L., Arecaceae12

Powder of Fruit mixed with mentha and kattha applied on the wound traditionally

13 Adhatoda vasica Nees13 Alcoholic extract of the leaves applied as an ointment in white petroleum jelly

14 Aegeratum Conyzoides, Asteraceae14 Leaves are crushed and used as a poultice for boils, sores and swollen feet. Also used to stop bleeding of wounds by encouraging clotting.

15 Artocarpus altilis, Moraceae14 Puncture wounds to the eye are treated by applying to the wounds, the white sap of the plant. The juice may be squeezed onto wounds, the wounds are then covered with the leaves and bandaged.

16 Albizzia lebbeck Benth, Mimosaceae15 Stem and bark are used to relieve swelling and wound healing

17 Bee propolis16 Its use (oral and topical) dates back to more than 5000 years. It contains 22 amino-acids, B complex vitamins, which are all essential for wound healing.

18 Bryophyllum calycinum, Crassulaceae12 Leaf juice is applied on the wound.

19 Butea monosperma, Fabaceae18 Alcoholic bark extract is reported to exhibit wound healing activity due to its anti oxidant effect.

20 Brassica juncea L., Brassicaceae12 Crushed fruit is mixed in water and then paste was applied on the wound.

21 Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb., Crassulaceae12 Traditionally leaf juice is applied on the wound.

22 Barleria prionitis L., Acanthaceae12 Traditionally crushed leaves are applied

on the wound. 23 Cumin seed extract18

The alcoholic extract and petroleum ether fraction of seeds showed wound healing activity on excision, incision and granuloma wound models.

24 Coconut oil19 is useful in treatment of wounds because of its biochemical structure: unlike olive oil and animal fatty tissue, it consists of short-chained and saturated fatty acids. These qualities in coconut oil prevent it from becoming oxidized and rancid, thus making it suitable for the preservation of medicinal plants and for wound treatment.

25 Carica papaya, Caricaceae20 Aqueous extract of the leaves is reported to have wound healing property.

26 Centaurea iberica, Asteraceae21 Noteworthy wound healing activity was observed for the ointment formulation prepared with 1% methanol extract of the aerial part. Methanolic extract of the aerial part exerted remarkable wound healing activity and also demonstrated a significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity.

27 Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae22 A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the flower extract-treated group compared with the untreated animals. The data indicate potent wound healing activity of C. officinalis extract

28 Calotropis gigantea, Asclepiadaceae23 Ethanolic extract of the root bark upon topical application in excision wound model increased the percentage of wound contraction. Scar area and epithelization time were decreased. In incision wound and dead space wound breaking strength of wounds and hydroxyproline was



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increased. 29 Catharanthus roseus, Apocynaceae24

Ethanolic extract of the flower increased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline content along with antimicrobial activity support its use in the topical management of wound healing

30 Commiphora mukul Engl., Burseraceae12 Exudates from the bark traditionally used for application on the wound.

31 Cassia alata L., Caesalpinae12 Leaves are traditionally used for the application on the wound.

32 Cassia auriculata L., Caesalpinae12 Leaves and bark are traditionally applied on the wounds.

33 Calotropis procera Br, Asclepidaceae12 Traditionally the latex and leaves mixed with turmeric, honey and karanji and applied as a paste on the wound.

34 Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae12 Turmeric is a house hold remedy and its use of turmeric has been reported from very ancient times for the treatment of wounds. Rhizomes are made into a paste and applied on the wound directly.

35 Calophyllum inophyllum, Clusiaceae14 Leaves of the plant are heated until they become soft and then applied to cuts. The gum from the bark is used to treat wounds.

36 Cordyline terminalis, Agavaceae14 Leaves are heated and placed over fresh cuts and wounds.

37 Crinium asiaticum, Amarylidaceae14 Leaves are used to heal wounds.

38 Chloroxylon swietenia, Rutaceae15 Leaves are reported to have wound healing activity by the tribals.

39 Dodonaea Viscosa, Sapindaceae25

Ethanolic extract of dried leaves showed potent wound healing activity in excised and incised wound model in rats. In excision model , 10% extract treated wounds were found to have faster rate of wound contraction and epithelization. Suspension and ointment of ethanol extract produced a significant response in wound models like breaking strength of skin, granuloma and wound contraction and also found to overcome the anti-healing properties of dexamethasone.

40 Dendrophthoe falcata, Loranthaceae26 Ethanolic extract of aerial parts was investigated for the evaluation of its healing efficiency on excision and incision wound models in rats. The results showed that Dendrophthoe falcate extract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength.

41 Daucas carota L., Apiaceae12 Traditionally, the juice of the root is mixed with honey applied on the wound.

42 Datura stramonium L., Solanaceae12 Latex of the leaves is mixed with menthe and dagadipala for application on the wound.

43 Elaeis guineensis Jacq, Arecaceae27 Methanolic extract of the leaves is reported to heal infected wounds.

44 Epipremnum pinnatum, Araceae28 Inner sap of the plant is applied directly to heal large wounds.

45 Flabellaria paniculata, Malpighiaceae29 Chloroform and aqueous fractions of the methanolic extract of the leaves proved to be a potential anti-infective and wound healing agent. It’s in vitro antibacterial and in vivo wound healing activities are in good agreement with the local



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medicinal use of the plant for skin diseases and sores.

46 Elephantopus scaber, Asteraceae30 Aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves is reported to treat wounds.

47 Ficus asperifolia Miq, Moraceae31 Aqueous extract of the bark showed wound healing activity.

48 Ficus religiosa L., Moraceae12 Aqueous extract of bark applied topically on the wound.

49 Ficus bengalensis., Moraceae15 Stem bark is used by the tribals for wound healing.

50 Guettarda speciosa., Rubiaceae32 Bark is applied directly to the pus filled wounds.

51 Gymnema sylvestre, Asclepiadaceae 33 The alcoholic extract of the leaves showed significant wound healing properties by excision, incision and dead space granuloma models properties in rats at a dose 200 mg/kg.

52 Gossypium arboretum, Bombacaceae31 Aqueous extract of the leaves showed wound healing activity.

53 Grewia tiliaefolia, Tiliaceae34 Methanolic extract of the stem bark has supportive scientific evidence for the medicinal use of G. tiliaefolia for healing of cutaneous wound.

54 Grape seed extract, Vitaceae35 Grape seed proanthocyanidins induced vascular endothelial growth factor and accelerated healing of injured skin in mice.

55 Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae36 With the serum of natural latex of the rubber tree, enhancement of wound healing was observed

56 Hypericum perforatum L., Clusiaceae37

Olive oil extract of the lowering aerial parts showed remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities supporting the folkloric assertion of the plant in Turkish folk medicine.

57 Hibiscus rosa sinensis L., Malvaceae38 Animals treated with the ethanolic extract of the flowers exhibited an 86% reduction in the wound area compared with controls, who exhibited a 75% reduction. The extract-treated animals were found to epithelize their wounds significantly faster than controls (P < .002) and have shown significantly higher skin-breaking strength than controls (P < .002). The dry and wet weight of granulation tissue and hydroxyproline content were also increased significantly when compared with controls.

58 Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae39 Supercritical CO2-extracted Sea buckthorn seed oil possesses significant wound healing activity and have no associated toxicity or side effects

59 Hoya australis, Asclepiadaceae14 Leaf extract is used to heal wounds.

60 Kaempferia galanga, Zingiberaceae40 Alcoholic extract reduced the time required for epithelialization in the process of wound healing and also reversed the epithelialization delaying effect of dexamethasone significantly

61 Lawsonia inermis., Lythraceae41 Water and chloroform extract of the leaves were used in the management of wounds and burns.

62 Lantana Camare., Verbenaceae42 Ethanolic extract of the leaves showed wound healing effect.

63 Limonia Acidissima, Rutaceae43



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The methanol extract of the pulp showed significant dose-dependant wound healing and anti-oxidant activities supporting traditional claims for the plant as a wound healer

64 Moringa oleifera L., Moringaceae12 The paste of the leaves is used to heal wounds traditionally upon direct application on the wound.

65 Mimosa pudica Linn. Mimosaceae12 Root and leaf infusion is applied on the wounds by the tribals. Traditionally the paste of the leaves is also in use. It is also reported that the treatment of wound with ointment containing 2% (w/w) the methanolic and 2% (w/w) the total aqueous extract exhibited significant wound healing activity.

66 Murraya paniculata (L) Jack. Rutaceae44 Traditionally the leaf paste is applied over the wounds to heal by the tribals.

67 Matricaria chamomilla, Asteraceae45 Flower extract has reported to have wound healing potential in linear incisional wound model in rats

68 Morinda citrifolia L, Rubiaceae46 Leaves are reported to have wound healing activity.

69 Musa sapientum var. paradisiacal47 Aqueous and methanolic extract of the fruit showed good safety profile. Plantain banana favors wound healing which could be due to its antioxidant effect.

70 Memecylon edule Roxb., Melastomataceae48 Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% methanol fractions of the leaves reported anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activities.

71 Mentha viridis L., Lamiaceae12 The paste of the leaves is used for application on the wound.

72 Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae15 Leaves and fruits are used by tribals to heal wounds.

73 Miscanthus floridulus., Poaceae14 Wounds are treated with the paste of aerial parts of the plant.

74 Nerium indicum Mill., Apocyanaceae12 The juice of the leaves is traditionally in use for application on the wound.

75 Ocimum sanctum Linn., Labiatae49 Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves are used to heal the wounds but the aqueous extract possesses a better effect than alcoholic extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight

76 Pongamia pinnata Vent., Fabaceae12 Traditionally the juice of the leaves is applied on the wound for healing.

77 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poir, Euphorbiaceae12 Latex is used for application on the wound traditionally.

78 Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae14 Fresh wounds are treated by wrapping the leaves which contain essential oils and tannins.

79 Premna obtusifolia., Verbenaceae28 The juice from the leaves together with salt water is used to make a preparation to treat fresh wounds.

80 Radix paeoniae, Paeoniaceae50 Aqueous extract of the roots reported to accelerate the wound healing process by decreasing the surface area of the wound and increasing the tensile strength.

81 Rubus sanctus Schreber, Rosaceae 51 Remarkable wound healing activity was reported with the ointment formulation of the methanol extract of young shoots at 1% concentration.

82 Rungia parviflora, Acanthaceae52



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Paste of leaf is applied on the wounds to reduce swelling and pain.

83 Rubia cordifolia L., Rubiaceae12 Bark and root are traditionally used to heal wounds.

84 Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae12 Latex of the plant is used for wound healing.

85 Spathodea campanulata., Bignoniaceae53 Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether Soxhlet extracts exhibited wound healing activity upon topical application.

86 Spilanthes calva Wt., Asteraceae44 Tribals apply the leaf paste directly on wounds

87 Sesamum indicum, Pedaliaceae54 A formulation of seeds and oil prepared in carbopol at 2.5% and 5% concentrations upon topical application in the excision and burn wound models of animals showed significant reduction in period of epithelization and wound contraction (50%). In the incision wound model a significant increase in the breaking strength was observed. Seeds and oil treatment (250 mg and 500 mg/kg; po) in dead space wound model, produced a significant increase in the breaking strength, dry weight and hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue thus suggesting that the seeds and oil when applied topically or administered orally possesses wound healing activity.

88 Sida cordifolia, Malvaceae52 Root juice is used to heal wounds.

89 Strychnos nuxvomica, Loganiaceae55 Leaves are used to treat chronic wounds.

90 Tagetes erecta Linn, Asteraceae56 Ethanolic (50% v/v) extract of the leaves showed wound healing properties.

91 Tridax procumbensLinn, Asteraceae44 Tribals apply the Leaf juice topically on wounds

92 Tanacetum vulgare, Asteraceae57 The crude Methanolic extract of the aerial parts displayed potent antioxidant and wound healing activity.

93 Tectona grandis, Verbenaceae58 Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaf produced a significant increase in the breaking strength, dry weight and hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue in dead space wound when administered orally (250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight). It is also reported that the leaf extract when applied topically (5% and 10% gel formulation) also possesses wound healing activity.

94 Thespesia populnea Soland, Malvaceae12 Traditionally the crushed fruits of the plant are used to treat the wounds.

95 Trigonella foenum-graecum, Fabaceae12 Traditionally the crushed seeds are in use for application on the wound

96 Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour., Cucurbitaceae12 Juice of the fruit is used for wound healing.

97 Tamarindus indica L., Cucurbitaceae15 Bark is used by the tribals for healing wounds.

98 Terminalia catappa., Combretaceae14 Traditionally the leaves are used to treat burns and wounds.

99 Thespesia populnea., Malvaceae14 Leaves are directly applied to wounds and skin ulcers.

100

Verbascum species59 Verbascum olympicum, Verbascum stachydifolium and Verbascum uschackense, Verbascum latisepalum, Verbascum mucronatum, and Verbascum



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pterocalycinum var. mutense. Methanolic extract of the leaves, flowers, and whole aerial parts are reported to heal wounds.

101

Vitex trifolia., Verbenaceae14 Serious wounds are treated by holding the afftected area over the steam of

boiling leaves or by applying a paste made from the leaves.

102

Wollastonia biflora., Asteraceae14 Juice from the leaves is used to treat serious wounds.

Conclusion: Apart from the above mentioned plants, it is also found that Asparagus racemosus, Acacia catechu,

Derris trifoliate, Diospyros peregrine, Echinops echinatus, Litsea sebifera, Typha latifolia, Terminalia chebula are

also traditionally reported for their wound healing activity.

Grape seeds Aloe vera Dodonaea viscose

Cumin seeds Kaempferia galanga Coconut oil



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Carica papaya Lawsonia inermis Anredera diffusa

Mimosa pudica Lantana Camare Tridax procumbens

Spilanthescalva Murayya paniculata Ocimum sanctum Linn



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Verbascum species Elaeis guineensis Matricaria chamomilla

Acorus calamus Linn Morinda citrifolia Radix paeoniae

Alternanthera brasiliana Kuntz Tanacetum vulgare Hevea brasiliensis



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Acacia honey Tectona grandis Sesamum indicum

Centaurea iberica Arnebia densiflora Rubus sanctus Schreber

Calendula officinalis Allamanda cathartica Calotropis gigantea



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Catharanthus roseus Hibiscus rosa sinensis Astragali Radix

Hippophae rhamnoides L Gymnema sylvestre Limonia Acidissima



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Acacia catechu Annona squamosa Vitex trifolia

Bryophyllum calycinum Butea monosperma Thespesia populnea

Derris trifoliate Diospyros peregrine Wollastonia biflora

Echinops echinatus Derris trifoliate Pedilanthus tithymaloides



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Ricinus communis L. Ficus religiosa Curcuma longa L.

Areca catechu L Tagetes erecta Aegeratum Conyzoides

Adhatoda vasica Calophyllum inophyllum Artocarpus altilis



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Cordyline terminalis Crinium asiaticum Epipremnum pinnatum

Guettarda speciosa Tamarindus indica L. Hoya australis Premna obtusifolia

Momordica charantia Chloroxylon swietenia Ficus bengalensis Terminalia catappa



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Albizzia lebbeck Benth Miscanthus floridulus Elephantopus scaber

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Corresponding Author:

Chaitanya Sravanthi K*,

Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,

Email: [email protected]

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