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7/23/2019 ISPA Forum 2005 Final
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Fire Safety and Professional Development at
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Indonesia
Ir. Yulianto S. Nugroho, MSc., PhD
Presented at ISPA Forum 2005
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Outline of Talk
Introduction
General Trends in Fire Safety Engineering
Fire Safety Research at Dept. of Mechanical Eng. UI
Post-graduate program (Magister Teknik) in
Fire Protection Engineering and Management at UI
Concluding remarks
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Introduction
Fire:
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Controlled Combustion
1g
gNASA
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Uncontrolled combustion / fire
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Fire Losses
Fire in buildings and industrial
facilities cause human suffering
and materials losses.
The direct economic loss from
building fires in industrial and
residential buildings for many
industrialized nations reach
about 0.2% of the GDP.
For Indonesia, the loss figure iswithin a comparable range or
higher, since we must also count
the destructions resulted from
forest fires.
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What most people know about
Fire professional ?
Fire Fighter :
Firefighter (both career and volunteer) is thebasis of the efforts to control the spread of
fire and to mitigate against the loss of life
and property from fire and similaremergencies
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Fire protection engineers :
Their work complements that of the firefighter and their
main focus is both the prevention of fires before theystart and limiting the consequences if they have
already begun.
They design building features, analyze activities in
those buildings and research materials and products to
prevent fire hazards and limit its destructive effects.
They use the basic tools of engineering and science to
help protect people, property, information, and
organizational operations from the effects of fire andexplosion. [SFPE, 2004]
Another professional
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Despite the great loss from fire accidents in
Indonesia, effort to build the capacity of personnel in
fire safety / fire protection engineering is limited, and
mainly focused in the area of fire fighting techniques.
The subject of fire safety is introduced briefly in one
or two modules at university level - engineeringeducation.
In School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, firesafety is introduced in Building Physics module.
Meanwhile, in School of Chemical and Mechanical
Engineering, fire safety is discussed in Combustion
module.
Situation in Indonesia
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[Magnusson, S.E., et al., 1995]
The field of fire protection engineering is considered still in the
stage of relative immaturity compared to other branches ofengineering (Civil, Mechanical, Chemical engineering etc.).
Body of knowledge
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General Trends in
Fire Safety Engineering
The trends and progress in the field of fire protection
engineering have been motivated by :
a. The accrual and dissemination of fire research,
through peer-referred international journal and
scientific proceedings, such as:
Fire Safety Journal
Fire and Material
Journal of Fire Protection Engineering Journal of Fire Science
Combustion and Flame
Proceeding of Combustion Institute
Fuel
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries Fire Technology
Journal of Applied Fire Science
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Example of Intl Journal on Fire Safety
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Example: the cooking fireManzello, et al., (2003)
By applying methoxy-nonafuorobutane to hot peanut oil , a vapor explosion can
be avoided
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b. The publication of reference books on fire safety,
such as:
Society of Fire Protection Engineering Handbook (2004)
NFPA Handbook (2003)
Drsydale, D., An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd
Ed. (2003) Rasbach DJ, et al., Evaluation of Fire Safety (2004)
Zalosh, RG., Industrial Fire Protection Engineering (2003)
Buchanan, A., Fire Engineering Design Guide (2001)
Brabauskas, V., Ignition Handbook (2004), etc.
c. Adoption of Performance based fire engineering
design as a rational means of providing efficient
and effective fire safety in buildings.Better understanding and new development on fire phenomenon, fire
dynamics, fire growth and spread, fire modeling, protection method (both
passive and active), fire risk analysis, fire safety management, human
behavior in fire etc., has provided an improved basis for evaluating thehazards due to fire, and has potentially given the engineer new tools to
perform the job.
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Have only emerged in the last 32 years.
A Master's Degree program in fire protection
engineering was begun at the University of Edinburghin 1973.
In 1979, Worcester Polytechnic Institute began a
similar program followed by M.S. programs at theUniversity of Maryland (1990) and the Victoria
University in Australia (1992). Other efforts are also
underway in various universities include the University
of Leeds (BEng/MEng Fire Engineering), the Universityof Ulster, University of British Columbia, the University
of Canterbury (New Zealand), Lund University
(Sweden), and Hong Kong Poytechnic, and several
universities in Japan.
Fire safety engineering education
at university level
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Fire related research activity at DTM-UI was started in early1990s when the Department received laboratory
equipments for its new campus in Depok. The new
equipments include bomb calorimeter for measuring
calorific value of combustible materials, thermal conductivity
apparatus, radiation heat transfer apparatus, calorimeter
and Bunsen burner equipment for studying (pre-mixed and
non-premixed) flame characteristics and effects of differentfuel characteristics.
By mid-90s to recently, research activities in the area ofcombustion engineering and fire safety at DTM-UI got new
impetus by returning staffs holding PhD degree from
abroad.
Fire research at DTM-UI
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Fire research at DTM-UI
Flame
PI: Prof. Dr I Made Kartika D., Dipl. Ing.
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PI: Dr. Y.S. Nugroho
Spontaneous combustion liability of coal using
Crossing-Point Method
in-line
position
Toven
Sample basket supporter
Thermocouples
for T1, 2
Fresh air
Temperature-controlled oven
Fume-cupboard / extractor
PCLD-789Damplifier & multi-
plexer board
PCL-812 A/D converter card
installed in the PC
supporter
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
50
100
150
200
250
Super-critical condition,
leading to spontaneous ignition
Sub-critical conditions
134.5oC
131.5oC
128.5oC
125oC
117oC
Centraltemperatu
re,
T1
(oC)
Time (minute)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80
1
2
3
4
q/q c
dT/d t at Tcp(Kmin-1)
6
8
Sub Bit coal -2
Sub Bit coal -3
Sub Bit coal -1
Coal - X
Coal - Y
Very high risk
High risk
Medium risk
Low risk
Coal - Z
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0 100 200 300 4000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Tested at Toven
= 127oC (400K)
SB-1 : criticalSB-2 : critical
B-1 : sub-critical
B-2 : sub-critical
Centraltemperature(oC)
Time (minutes)
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Prediction of self-heating and spontaneous
combustion using Adiabatic Method
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
ATP coalLeading to combustion
Toven(o
C)T
sample(
oC)
Temperature(oC)
Time (hours)
PI: Dr. Y.S. Nugroho
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Development of Fire Calorimeter
Data transien akan direkam secarasimultan ke dalam PC melalui sistem
akuisisi data.
Orifice plate atauhot wire
Ke Gas analyserO2, CO, CO2
Termokopel
Probe asap
Fan
Pemanas
Dudukan sampel
Pelindung radiasi
Timbangan electronik
PI: Dr. Y.S. Nugroho
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Effect of radiation heat flux on paper
9 s 12 s
19 s 22 s
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Ignitability of wood under heat radiation
Mass loss pattern for Guazuma Ulmifo lia wood
PI: Dr. Y.S. Nugroho
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Post-graduate program (Magister Teknik) in
Fire Protection Engineering and Management
(FPEM) at UI
The Magister Teknik (MT) in FPEM was launched
as a respond to increasing need of fire safety
professional in the industrial and building sectors,
risk management and insurance sectors, design
and construction consultants, researchers,
regulator and decision maker at central and
regional government.
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The graduate of the MT-FPEM program is expected
to have a set of skills in(i) identification of fire hazard,
(ii) identification of fire protection strategies,
(iii) identification of cost-effective solutions, and
(iv) using related information to design and conduct
laboratory scale fire research and or fieldstudies, to analyze the outcomes and to
withdraw crucial conclusions and
recommendation.
The graduate is expected to be able to give some
contribution to fire safety scientific society by
publishing their research works.
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Structure of the MT-FPEM Curriculum
Semester Modules Credits
I Research design and methodology 2
Engineering mathematics 3
Computation 3
Safety engineering and management 3
II Risk Management 3
Fire Dynamics 3
Fire protection system 3
Engineering measurement and laboratory experiment 2
III Evaluation of fire safety 4
Economics of fire protection 4
Fire modeling 4
IV Seminar 3
Thesis 7
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The development process of the MT-FPEM
curriculum and its syllabus was supported by
valuable documents related to curriculum of Master
program in Fire safety at some leading universities
abroad. The other crucial consideration in setting
the syllabi for each module is the availability of thetextbook and supporting scientific publication.
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One of the main textbook of this program is An Introduction of FireDynamics written by Prof. Dougal Drysdale of University ofEdinburgh.
In a rare opportunity, I had a chance to meet Prof. Drysdale at his firelaboratory in Edinburgh. Although the meeting was quick, it has agreat impact in the spirit of MT- FPEM at UI.
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Concluding Remarks
The MT-FPEM at University of Indonesia was finallybegun last year (in August 2004). The current
students are mostly have Bachelor degree in
engineering and public health.
A graduate program such as MT-FPEM should
benefit the development of national capacity and
professionals in the area of fire safety / fire
protection engineering and management.
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Thank you