ISP - Political Cleavages in Romania

7/26/2019 ISP - Political Cleavages in Romania

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CLEAVAGES INROMANIA


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The evolution of the Romanian party systemconrms the classical sequence of East -European cleavage formation with the initial anddecisive emergence of identity-based territorialand cultural divides, with their dominance oversocio-economic divides followed later by theappearance of economic cleavages.

- The salient manifestation of the cumulation ofcultural and territorial cleavages in the partsystem corresponds clearly with the cyclicalmovement seen in recent political maneuvers.


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CASE

STUDYBETWEEN

The DemocraticForum of German-Romanian Ethnics

The DemocraticUnion of

Hungarian-Romanian Ethnics


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NATIONAL ELECTIONS

A. inguistic dimension

- !nly "#$R reached the threshold of voters. %tselectoral o&er includes specic 'ungarian issues and it isessentially unidirectional (single-targeted).

- $ainly a pure cleavage-based voting in the mi*ed(Romanian-'ungarian) communities. %t+s a vote of trustin the party, a positive vote, most frequently based ona&ective arguments.

- The trans-cleavage voting was marginal. . %deological dimension

- ationalist partiesbest implanted in Transylvanian

mi*ed communities.


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LOCAL ELECTIONS

Romanian-'ungarian /ommunities

- "#$R has a unidirectional o&er and, in somecases, a quasi-e*plicit bidirectional (general) o&er.

Romanian-0erman /ommunities

- 1#0R had an e*plicit bidirectional electoral o&er.

- $ost frequent2 trans-cleavage voting (massive).

E*ample2 in 3ibiu, the 0erman candidate was re-elected 4 times for the position of mayor and is nowta5ing the position of the 6thpresident-elect ofRomania , ta5ing o7ce on 89stof #ecember 8:94.


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ANALYSIS OF THE MANIFESTOESAND SPEECHES


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is an associate member of ;;E. Theparty is also bac5ed by 'ungarianpolitical parties, especially by 1%#E3


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does not cultivate relationshipswith parties from foreigncountries. %t prefers another type

of partnership, with 0ermancultural and religious foundations.

1#0R collaborated with /ulturalAssociations from 0ermany and

Austria, the 0erman ;arliament and0overnment, trying to promote agood image of Romania and to attract

the attention of European public


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>hile "#$R tries theoretically to surpass therepresentation of the linguistic communities, 1#0Rdiscourse is theoretically e*clusively addressed tothe 0erman minority. At the contrary, in practice

they behave inversely. Thus we observe that fromthe in?uence of e*ternal organi@ations resultdi&erent ways to relate to voters, di&erent politicalattitudes and di&erent manifestoes.


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;oll of 8::: citi@ens of 3ibiu and /lu=-apoca


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THE FORMATION OF CLEAVAGES


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9. Territory as a 5ey concept of politics in a cross pressurebetween culture and economy,

implying2 - the equal weight given to economic, political-territorial and

cultural dimensions - the interaction between geographical spaces and socio-

cultural membership spaces, between center formation and boundary building - the conceptual map of Europe with an >est-East a*is

di&erentiating between economic conditions for state-building and a 3outh-orth a*is between

cultural conditions for nation-building.


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8. The identication of four cleavages following the critical=unctures of2

- the national revolution creating the center-periphery and thechurch-state cleavages

- the industrial revolution creating the urban-rural and the labour-

capital cleavages. B. The cyclical movement of cleavages2 towards a national-

international divide does not end his cleavage sequence with theCwor5er-ownerC con?ict of the Cindustrial revolutionC, but points toCan intriguing cyclical movementC2

- brea5down of a supranational order ("33R) - establishment of culturally and politically distinctive nation states - con?ict over national versus international loyalties.


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- There are real historical alternatives e*pressing di&erentconceptions of modernisation, of nationhood and of geopoliticallocation represented by the parties. These alternatives areolder than the most of the Eastern European electorate, but

they deviate from the mainstream in >estern Europe. %n theformation process of the parties (9D-D), in the subsequentthree elections from 9DD: to 9DD, the same cleavage setshave mattered and structured party competition, namely2 thethree cleavage families of2


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THE POST-1989 EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIANPARTY SYSTEM

- has b!"#h$ ab!"$ %! &!'($()a' *!b('(sa$(!% a'!%#$h+ '(%+ !, a )'ass()a' 'ab!"-)a&($a' )'ass )'+aa#+.I%s$+a/ 0+ )a% )'+a' !bs++ $h+ ,!''!0(%#a$$+*&$s ,! b(%#(%# $h+ 0+',a+ s$a$(s$

+)!**!(2)a$(!% )'+aa#+ (%3 - )!"&'(%# ($ 0($h $h+ &!s$-)!**"%(s$ )'+aa#+/

- )!"&'(%# ($ 0($h $h+ +,+%)+ !, %a$(!%a' (+%$($/

- )!"&'(%# ($ 0($h $h+ +'(#(!"s )'+aa#+/

- )!"&'(%# 4($s a()a' a(a%$5 0($h a% a##+ss(+a% a)(s$ s!)(a' %a$(!%a'(s*.


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Documents

ISP - Political Cleavages in Romania