ISOC presents: World IPv6 Day

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Today Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Akamaiand Limelight Networks will be amongst some of the major organisations offering their content over IPv6 for a 24-hour “test flight”. The goal is to motivate organizations across the industry – Internet service providers, hardware makers, operating system vendors and web companies – to prepare their services for IPv6 to ensure a successful transition as IPv4 addresses run out.

Susan HamlinDirector, Communications and Member Services

Internet Governance

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Number Resource Provisioning Hierarchy

ICANN / IANA(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Manage global unallocated IP address pool

ISPs

End UsersISPs

RIRs(AfriNIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC)

Manage regional unallocated IP address pool

Re-Allocate Re-Assign

End Users

Allocate

AssignAllocate

Susan HamlinDirector, Communications and Member Services

ARIN History & Overview

1993 IR function contracted by NSF to NSI; InterNIC, APNIC formed. DoD oversight ends.

Registrant

1992 RFC 1366: Regional IRs established; RIPE NCC formed

Registrant

1991 RFC 1261: DoD IR function contract moved to Network Solutions, Inc.

Registrant

1980s Internet Registry (IR) function contracted by DoD to SRI International

Registrant

1980s NSFNET/ARPANET - Jon Postel managed addressing via DoD contract;this was called the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Registrant

Governm

ent Oversight

Historical Timeline

DDN NIC

DDN NIC

DDN NIC

InterNIC

Historical Timeline2005 Regionalization complete; AfriNIC formed

Registrant

2002 Regionalization continues; LACNIC formed

Registrant

1998 ICANN formed

Registrant

1997 IR regionalization completed; ARIN formed. USG oversight of IR function ends.

Registrant

Comm

unity Oversight

Regional Internet Registries

The NRO exists to protect the unallocated number resource pool, to promote and protect the bottom-up policy development process, and to act as a focal point for Internet community input intothe RIR system.

Number Resource Organization

Nonprofit Membership Organization

Community-regulated

• Fee for services, not number resources

• 100% community funded

• Open• Broad-based

- Private sector- Public sector- Civil society

• Community developed policies

• Member-elected executive board

• Open and transparent

RIR Structure

Number Resources Organization Policy Development

• IP address allocation & assignment

• ASN assignment• Directory

services• WHOIS• IRR

• Reverse DNS

• Elections• Meetings• Information

dissemination• Website• Newsletters• Roundtables

• Training

• Maintain email discussion lists

• Conduct public policy meetings

• Publish policy documents

RIR Services

About ARIN• One of five Regional Internet Registries

• Services 25 Economies in the Caribbean and North America

• Nonprofit corporation based in Chantilly, VA

• Established December 1997

• 100% community funded

• Applying the principles of stewardship, ARIN, a nonprofit corporation:

– allocates Internet Protocol resources;

– develops consensus-based policies; and

– facilitates the advancement of the Internet through information and educational outreach.

ARIN’s Mission

ARIN’s Service Region

ARIN’s region includesCanada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States.

ARIN’s Services• Like the other RIRs, ARIN:

– Allocates and assigns Internet number resources

– Maintains WHOIS, in-addr.arpa, and other community services

– Participates in the global Internet community

– Facilitates policy development– Is a nonprofit, membership organization

Organization Chart

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Registration Services

• Manage Internet number resources and related services

• Manage Directory Services (WHOIS & IRR)

Organization Services

Public Policy & Members Meetings

Executive Board Elections

Organization Services

Information publicationand dissemination

Education& Training

Outreach & Education Services• Online education resources• Event Presentations• Exhibits (direct and reverse)• Media interviews

Outreach & EducationMaterials• Fact and information sheets (and CDs)• Multimedia pieces• Giveaways (pens, stickers, etc.)• Slide decks• Comic books• More…

• TeamARIN Micrositehttp://TeamARIN.net– Event Calendar– Education– Blogs– Spread the word

• Public use slide deck• Materials support

request• ARIN IPv6 wiki

http://getipv6.info

ARIN Resource Links

ARIN on Social MediaFacebook –www.facebook.com/TeamARIN

Twitter –www.twitter.com/TeamARIN

LinkedIn –www.linkedin.com

YouTube –www.youtube.com/TeamARIN

Q&A

Einar BohlinPolicy Analyst

The ARIN Policy Development Process

OverviewWhat is a PolicyThe Policy Development Process

– Origin– Principles– Process Steps

A Case Study and Examples

Number Resource PolicyManual (NRPM)

NRPM is ARIN’s policy document – Version 2011.2 (16 March 2011)– This is the 22nd version

Contains• Change Logs• Available as PDF• Index

https://www.arin.net/policy/nrpm.html

Policies in the NRPM• IPv4 Address Space• IPv6 Address Space• Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)• Directory Services (WHOIS)• Reverse DNS (in-addr)• Transfers• Experimental Assignments• Resource Review Policy

Policy Development Process (PDP)

Flowchart

Proposal Template

Archive

Movie

https://www.arin.net/policy/pdp.html

PDP Origin - Rough Consensus

The foundation of the PDP

Rough consensus is a term used in consensus decision-making to indicate the "sense of the group" concerning a particular matter under consideration.*

Note that 51% of the working group does not qualify as "rough consensus" and 99% is better than rough.*

(*from wikipedia.org)

Consensus Decision Making*(*from wikipedia.org)

PDP Versions

Current version is the 4th

First written version - April 2001Two revisions

Major overhaul - January 2009

The current PDP

Empowers the Advisory Council as a development body (balanced by expanded petitions)

Establishes goal = clear, technically soundand useful policy

Requires staff and legal assessments and freezes text prior to Public Policy Meetings

Process Principles

Open Forum - Anyone can participate Public Policy Mailing List

Public Policy Meetings

TransparentPDP documented

Policies documented

Meetings documented

Bottom UpARIN staff does not create policy, we apply it

PDP Roles

CommunitySubmit proposals! If there is a problem, raise it

Comment on proposals (in favor or not?)

Participate in Petitions

Advisory Council “AC” (elected volunteers)Write the policy text to ensure that it is

clear, technically sound and useful

Determine Consensus

Roles cont.

ARIN “Board” (elected volunteers)Provide process oversight

Provide corporate fiduciary oversight

ARIN Staff Provide feedback

• Clarity and Understanding

• Staff Assessments

Implement Policy

Basic Steps1. Community member submits a proposal2. Community discusses the proposal on the “List”3. AC creates a draft policy or abandons the

proposal4. Community discusses the draft policy on the

“List” and at the meeting5. AC conducts its consensus review6. Community performs last call7. Board adopts8. Staff implements

PetitionsAnyone dissatisfied with a decision by the AC

can petition to keep the proposal moving forward

1. Petition to bring proposal to list and meeting 4 successful*6 unsuccessful

2. Last call petition (to send to Board)

1 – unsuccessful

*3 ultimately abandoned, 1 adopted

Public Policy Mailing List

Open to anyone

Easy to subscribe to

Contains: ideas, proposals, draft policies, last calls, announcements of adoption and implementation, and petitions

Archives

RSS available for ARIN only posts

https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html

The ARIN Website

How to participate and not be overwhelmed?

The AC meets monthlyFront page links to proposals and draft policies under

discussion

New proposals need feedback for the AC’s initial decision

Web site will help you focus on what’s important to you and your company

ARIN Meetings

Two meetings a year

Check the ARIN Public Policy Meeting site 4-6 weeks prior to meeting

Proposals/Draft Policies on Agenda

Discussion Guide (summaries and text)

Attend in Person/Remote

AC meeting last dayWatch list for AC’s decisions

Last Calls – For or against?

Policy Participation• No requirements, other than email and willingness to

involve yourself.

You must be a member to• Vote for AC and Board• Nominate for those positions (membership not required to

run)

https://www.arin.net/participate/elections/index.html

Total Draft Policies

Active current drafts – 2 (plus 4 awaiting ARIN Board review)

Adopted – 61 (plus 2 more global policies awaiting ICANN Board review)

Abandoned – 50

Case Study: Policy 2008-5

2008-5 SummaryName: Dedicated IPv4 block to facilitate IPv6

Deployment (2008-5)

Proposal: Reserve some IPv4 space (a /10), and make it available to organizations that need some IPv4 space to deploy IPv6.

Rationale: “[This policy] will facilitate IPv6 deployment by ensuring that some small chunks of IPv4 space will remain available for a long time to ease the co-existence of IPv4 & IPv6.”

Policy 2008-5 HistoryProposal was submitted on June 2008.

Draft policy text discussed on the list and at ARIN XXII meeting (Oct 2008).

The policy was sent to last call (Oct/Nov).

Minor revision by the AC, reposted to last call Nov/Dec.

Adopted by the Board 5 Jan 2009.

Implemented 1 Apr 2009 (NRPM Section 4.10).

https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/2008_5.html

Policy ExamplesAdopted

2010-12: IPv6 Subsequent Allocation

2010-8: Rework of IPv6 assignment criteria

2010-2: /24 End User Minimum Assignment Unit

2010-1: Waiting List for Unmet IPv4 Requests (take what’s available or wait)

Abandoned

2010-13: Permitted Uses of space reserved under NRPM 4.10

2010-7: Simplified IPv6 policy

ReferencesPolicy Development Process

https://www.arin.net/policy/pdp.html

Draft Policies and Proposalshttps://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/index.html

Number Resource Policy Manualhttps://www.arin.net/policy/nrpm.html

Q&A

Draft Policies and Proposals: Changes to Number Policy

Einar BohlinPolicy Analyst

Draft Policies and Proposals• 6 Active Draft Policies

– 4 Awaiting Board Review– 2 Under Discussion

• 16 Policy Proposals

Draft Policies Awaiting Board Review• ARIN-2011-3: Better IPv6 Allocations for ISPs

– Nibble boundary allocations – IPv6 /36 to /12.

• ARIN-2011-4: Reserved Pool for Critical Infrastructure– IPv4 /16’s worth of space to be set aside for CI.

• ARIN-2011-5: Shared Transition Space for IPv4 Address Extension– Shared IPv4 /10 (eg. draft-shirasaki-nat444-03 ).

• ARIN-2011-6: Returned IPv4 Addresses– ARIN will quickly recycle address space in the ARIN region.

Draft Policies Under Discussion• ARIN-2011-1: Globally Coordinated Transfer Policy

– Would allow transfers to/from ARIN region• The RIRs must have compatible transfer policy• Need required (transfers are needs-based)

• ARIN-2011-7: Compliance Requirement– Primarily concerned with ensuring that ISPs

maintain accurate reassignment information• Enforcement via stopping reverse DNS services and

possibly revocation

Proposals• ARIN-prop-137 Global Policy for post

exhaustion IPv4 allocation mechanisms by the IANA– Instructs IANA to accept returned address space and

reissue that space to the RIRs (a 1/5th portion to each RIR every 6 months).

• ARIN-prop-140 Business Failure Clarification– Changes policy text from “organization that goes out

of business” to “organization that ceases to exist.”• ARIN-prop-141 Combined M&A and Specified

Transfers– Clarifies that organizations can perform both types of

transfers at roughly the same time.

Proposals cont. 1• ARIN-prop-144 Remove Single Aggregate

requirement from Specified Transfer– Removes “aggregate” language from the

transfer policy (opposite of prop-153).• ARIN-prop-146 Clarify Justified Need for

Transfers– Extends the 12-month supply period for address

space to all specified transfers.• ARIN-prop-147 Set Transfer Need to 24 months

– Lengthens the supply period for specified transfers to 24 months.

Proposals cont. 2• ARIN-prop-148 LRSA resources must not be

transferred to LRSA– Requires the RSA for specified transfers of address

space covered by an LRSA.• ARIN-prop-149 Improved Transparency for

Directed Transfers– Requires ARIN to publish a list of prefixes

transferred via the policy for transfers to specified recipients.

• ARIN-prop-151 Limiting needs requirements for IPv4 Transfers– Removes the needs-based evaluation from

transfers to specified recipients.

Proposals cont. 3• ARIN-prop-152 RSA Modification Limits

– Regards transfers and the RSA.• ARIN-prop-153 Correct erroneous syntax in

NRPM 8.3 – Would change the transfer policy so that only a

single aggregate could be transferred (opposite of prop 144).

Did any of those proposals possibly affect you?• You have two ways to voice your

opinion:– Public Policy Mailing List– Public Policy Meeting (in person or

remote)

References• Draft Policies & Proposals

– https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/index.html

• ARIN Public Policy Mailing List– https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html

Questions?

How and Why to Participate in the ARIN Community

Learn More and Get InvolvedYour participation

Important, critical, needed, appreciated…

Get Involved in ARINPublic Policy Mailing ListARIN Suggestion and Consultation ProcessMember ElectionsAttend a Meeting

http://www.arin.net/participate/

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ARIN Mailing Lists

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https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html

ARIN Announce - arin-announce@arin.net

ARIN Discussion – arin-discuss@arin.net

ARIN Public Policy – arin-ppml@arin.net

ARIN Consultation – arin-consult@arin.net

ARIN Issued – arin-issued@arin.net

ARIN Technical Discussions - arin-tech-discuss@arin.net

ARIN Consultation and Suggestion Process

• Open for business September 2006• As of 31 March 2011

– 14 community consultations• all closed • https://www.arin.net/participate/acsp/acsp_consultations.html

– 127 suggestions• 16 remain open• https://www.arin.net/participate/acsp/acsp_suggestions.html

Board of TrusteesAdvisory CouncilNRO Number Council

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General Member Eligibility Date for 2011 Elections 1 JanuaryBoard, AC, and NRO Number Council Call for Nominations 25 July-24 AugustDeadline to Establish Voter Eligibility 27 SeptemberBoard, AC, and NRO NC Final Slate of Candidates Announced 30 SeptemberElections 12 – 22 OctoberThree year terms begin 1 January

Next ARIN Meetings

• Remote participation

• Policy discussions

• Tutorials

• Social event

• Adjacent to NANOG

https://www.arin.net/participate/meetings

IPv4 Depletion

IPv6 Adoption

Quick History of the Internet Protocol• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4, or just “IP”)

– First developed for the original Internet (ARPANET) in spring 1978– Deployed globally with growth of the Internet– Total of 4 billion IP addresses available– Well entrenched and used by every ISP and hosting company

to connect customers to the Internet– Allocated based on documented need

• Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)– Design started in 1993 when IETF forecasts showed IPv4

depletion between 2010 and 2017– Completed, tested, and available for production since 1999– Total of 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 IP

addresses available– Used and managed similar to IPv4

About IPv4 and IPv6IP version IPv4 IPv6Deployed 1981 1999

Address Size 32-bit number 128-bit number

Address Format

Dotted Decimal Notation: 192.0.2.76

Hexadecimal Notation: 2001:0DB8:0234:AB00:0123:4567:8901:ABCD

Number of Addresses

232 = 4,294,967,296 2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

Examples of Prefix Notation

192.0.2.0/2410/8

(a “/8” block = 1/256th of total IPv4 address space = 224 = 16,777,216 addresses)

2001:0DB8:0234::/48 2600:0000::/12

IPv4 Address Space Utilization

*as of 3 February 2011

IANA Available IPv4 Space in /8s

Number of ARIN IPv6 Allocations Issued to ISPs

0

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30

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70

80

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100

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0

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70

ARIN Issued IPv4 Addresses (in /24s)

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000180002000022000240002600028000300003200034000360003800040000420004400046000480005000052000

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IPv4 Requests Received by ARIN

0

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300

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IPv6 Requests Received by ARIN

IPv4 Depletion Situation Report• Each RIR received its last /8 from IANA on 3

February 2011.

• The IANA free pool of IPv4 addresses has reached 0%.

• While each RIR currently has IPv4 addresses to allocate, it is impossible to predict when each RIR will run out.

• ARIN publishes an inventory of available IPv4 addresses, updated daily, at www.arin.net.

IPv4 & IPv6 - The Bottom Line• We’re running out of IPv4

address space.

• IPv6 must be adopted for continued Internet growth.

• IPv6 is not backwards compatible with IPv4.

• We must maintain IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously for many years.

• IPv6 deployment has begun.

RIRs have been allocatingIPv6 address space since 1999.

Thousands of organizations havereceived an IPv6 allocation to date.

ARIN has IPv6 distribution policies for service providers, community networks,

and end-user organizations.

IPv6 Deployment has begun

IPv4 & IPv6 Coexistence Today, the Internet is predominantly based on IPv4.

For the foreseeable future, the Internet must run both IP versions (IPv4 & IPv6) at the same time. (When done on a single device, this is called the “dual-stack” approach.)

Deployment is already underway: Today, there are organizations attempting to reach your mail, web, and application servers via IPv6...

Action Plans

What does this mean for:• Broadband Access Providers? • Internet Service Providers?• Internet Content Providers?• Enterprise Customers?• Equipment Vendors?• Government Organizations?

Call to ActionBroadband Access Providers

Your customers want access to the entireInternet, and this means IPv4 and IPv6 websites. Offering full access will require running IPv4/IPv6 transition services and is a significant engineering project.

Multiple transition technologies are available, and each provider needs to make its own architectural decisions.

Call to ActionInternet Service ProvidersPlan out how to connect businesses via IPv6-only and IPv4/IPv6 in addition to IPv4-only.

Businesses are beginning to ask for IPv6 over their existing Internet connections and for their co-located servers.

Communicate with your peers and vendors about IPv6, and confirm their timelines for production IPv6 services.

Call to ActionInternet Content ProvidersContent must be reachable to newer Internet customers.

Content served only via IPv4 will be accessed by IPv6 customers via transition solutions run by the access providers.

Plan on serving content via IPv6 in addition to IPv4 as soon as possible.

Call to Action Enterprise CustomersMail, web, and application servers must be reachable via IPv6 in addition to IPv4.

Open a dialogue with your Internet Service Provider about providing IPv6 services.

Each organization must decide on timelines, and investment level will vary.

Call to ActionEquipment VendorsThere was probably limited demand for IPv6 in the past.

Demand for IPv6 support will become mandatory very, very quickly.

Introduce IPv6 support into your product cycle as soon as possible.

AwarenessCoordinate with industry

Adopt incentives• Regulatory• Economic

Support and promote awareness and educational activities

Require IPv6-compatibility in procurement procedures

Officially adopt IPv6

Call to ActionGovernment Organizations

IPv6 Adoption NeedsIPv6 address space

IPv6 connectivity (native or tunneled)

Operating systems, software, and network management tool upgrades

Router, firewall, and other hardware upgrades

IT staff and customer service training

Resources– Community Use Slide Deck

– IPv6 Wiki

– Information Page at www.arin.net/knowledge/v4-v6.html

– Outreach Microsite:www.TeamARIN.net

– Social Media at ARINwww.arin.net/social.html

– ARIN Board Resolution

– Letter to CEOs

Learn More and Get InvolvedLearn more about IPv6www.arin.netwww.getipv6.infowww.TeamARIN.net

Get Involved in ARINPublic Policy Mailing ListAttend a Meeting

http://www.arin.net/participate/

Q&A

Requesting and Managing Internet Number ResourcesJon WorleySenior Resource Analyst

Overview• New ARIN Online Functionality• Template Changes• RESTful Provisioning• Policy Changes• Inventory • Post-Depletion Services (8.3 Transfers,

STLS, Waiting List)• Future Services

New ARIN Online Functionality• Reverse DNS Zone

Management• DNSSEC• Resource Requests• POC Validation

Reverse DNS• Managed per zone, not per

network• Must manage through ARIN

Online• Networks issued without

nameservers• SWIP to customers, then add

reverse delegation

Reverse DNS - Shared Authority

Joe’s Bar and Grill has reassigned a /24 to HELLO WORLD. Both can manage the /24 zone

Reverse DNS – Querying Whois

Query for the zone directly:whoi s> 136. 136. 192. i n- addr . ar pa

Name: 136. 136. 192. i n- addr . ar pa.Updat ed: 2011- 03- 19NameSer ver : SEC1. AUTHDNS. RI PE. NETNameSer ver : NS1. ARI N. NETNameSer ver : NS2. LACNI C. NETNameSer ver : SEC1. APNI C. NETNameSer ver : NS2. ARI N. NETRef : ht t p: / / whoi s. ar i n. net / r est / r dns/ 136. 136. 192. i n- addr . ar pa.

DNSSEC

• Same interface as reverse DNS

• DS records generated by user

• Zone must have nameserversbefore you can add DS records

1) Paste DS Record

2) Parse DS Record

3) Apply

IP/ASN Requests

• Done through ARIN Online only• Officer attestation for IP

requests now done via a signed form instead of email

• Can no longer specify resource POCs or reverse DNS delegation in request

Policy 2008-7: POC Validation• Annual validation of each POC handle

required• Can validate either by email sent by

ARIN or ARIN Online• If linked to POCs that have not been

validated within 60 days, can’t access ARIN Online until POC handles validated

Template Changes• Version 5 templates

– Version 4 still accepted– Version 3 and prior no longer accepted

• Resource request templates deprecated• API key required to authorize processing

– Generated via ARIN Online– Can associate an email address– Required for all templates

Version 5 Reassign Simple

Template: ARIN-REASSIGN-SIMPLE-5.0 ** As of March 2011 ** Detailed instructions are located below the template. 00. API Key: 01. Registration Action (N,M, or R): 02. Network Name: 03. IP Address and Prefix or Range: 04. Origin AS: 05. Private (Yes or No): 06. Customer Name: 07. Customer Address: 07. Customer Address: 08. Customer City: 09. Customer State/Province: 10. Customer Postal Code: 11. Customer Country Code: 12. Public Comments: END OF TEMPLATE

Paste API key here

Enter “yes”only for service delivered to a residence

Debugging Template Problems• Most templates aren’t ticketed• Problems? Send both template

and error message to debug@arin.net

• Designed to be backward compatible, but may be a few slight differences

RESTful Interface• Programmatic way to interact with

ARIN– Intended to be used for automation– Not meant to be used by humans

• Useful for ISPs that manage a large number of SWIP records

• Requires an investment of time to achieve those benefits

Example – Reassign Detailed• Your automated system issues a PUT

call to ARIN using the following URL:https://w w w .arin.net/rest/net/NET-10-129-0-0-1/reassign?apikey= API-1234-5678-9ABC-DEFG

The call contains the following data:

<net xmlns="http://www.arin.net/regrws/core/v1" ><version>4</version><comment></comment><registrationDate></registrationDate><orgHandle>HW-1</orgHandle><handle></handle><netBlocks>

<netBlock><type>A</type><description>Reassigned</description><startAddress>10.129.0.0</startAddress><endAddress>10.129.0.255</endAddress><cidrLength>24</cidrLength>

</netBlock></netBlocks><parentNetHandle>NET-10-129-0-0-1</parentNetHandle><netName>HELLOWORLD</netName><originASes></originASes><pocLinks></pocLinks>

</net>

Example – Reassign DetailedARIN’s web server returns the following

to your automated system:<net xmlns="http://www.arin.net/regrws/core/v1" ><version>4</version><comment></comment><registrationDate>Tue Jan 25 16:17:18 EST 2011</registrationDate><orgHandle>HW-1</orgHandle><handle>NET-10-129-0-0-2</handle><netBlocks><netBlock><type>A</type><description>Reassigned</description><startAddress>10.129.0.0</startAddress><endAddress>10.129.0.255</endAddress><cidrLength>24</cidrLength></netBlock></netBlocks><parentNetHandle>NET-10-129-0-0-1</parentNetHandle><netName>netName>HELLOWORLD</netName><originASes></originASes><pocLinks></pocLinks></net>

Reg date and net handle added

Other RESTful Notes• IPv6 Reassign Simple available

only through the RESTful interface• Cannot manage reverse DNS

zones (yet)• Still operating RESTful beta site as a

test bed–Must request access

Obtaining RESTful Assistance• “Ask ARIN” via your web account• arin-tech-discuss mailing list

–Make sure to subscribe–Someone on the list will help you

ASAP• Help Desk phone not a good fit

–Debugging these problems requires a detailed look at the method, URL, and payload being used

Policy Changes• 3 month supply for all ISPs• IPv6 End User• IPv6 ISP in the pipeline• 2010-14• IPv6 Subsequent Allocations for

Transitional Technology• M&A Transfers

3 Month Supply For ISPs• Prior to IANA IPv4 free pool depletion,

experienced ISPs could get a 12 month supply

• Dropped to 3 month supply immediately upon IANA issuing its last 5 /8s

• Still computed based on demonstrated utilization rate

• Expectation should be coming back ~4 times a year for additional IP addresses

IPv6 End User Changes• Before: Block size based on HD Ratio

– Complex; used logarithms• After: Block size based solely on

number of sites within the end user’s network Number of Sites Block Size Justified

1 /48

2-12 /44

13-192 /40

193-3,072 /36

3,073-49,152 /32

Results of End User Policy ChangeSmall uptick in large blocks, but majority

still /48Prefix Length % of assignments

in the year prior to new policy

% of assignments since new policy implemented

/32-/35 0.35% 2.14%

/36-/39 1.04% 5.00%

/40-/43 6.60% 7.14%

/44-/47 15.97% 17.86%

/48 76.04% 67.86%

2011-3: Better IPv6 Allocation for ISPs• ARIN AC recommended adoption

5/24/2011• Still needs to be ratified by ARIN Board

and have an implementation date scheduled

• Allows ISPs to have uniform subnets– Each “serving site” gets a block large

enough to number the largest serving site– Must be nibble-aligned: /48, /44, /40, etc

2011-3 Example• ISP A, a FTTP provider, has 37 PoPs

– The largest PoP (New York City) has 1,084 customers

• ISP A wants to assign a /48 to each– /37 smallest block that has 1,084 /48s (2,048)– Each of the 37 PoPs gets a /36 (round to

nibble)• Smallest block that contains 37 /36s is a

/30 (64 /36s)• ISP A gets a /28 (round to nibble)

2010-14: Standardize IP Reassignment Registration Requirements• To be implemented by 9/30/2011• Abuse contact now required• New policies for ISPs with residential

customers that dynamically draw IP addresses from pools – must submit SWIP information for each

market area– must show 80% assigned with a 50-80%

utilization rate across markets• IPv6 /64 and larger static reassignments

must be visible via SWIP/RWhois

IPv6 Subsequent Allocations for Transitional Technologies• ISPs with an initial allocation for native

IPv6 can request a separate block to be used for IPv4 -> IPv6 transitional technology– 6rd is the most common example, but the

policy doesn’t specify a technology• /24 maximum allocation

– Allows a typical ISP to map a /56 to each of their existing IPv4 addresses in a 6rd deployment

2010-6: Simplified M&A Transfers• Implemented 9/9/2010• If resources are no longer justified,

ARIN will work with you to get back into compliance

• If resources underused, ARIN will work with you on a plan to regain compliance via growth or return

Inventory Report• IANA IPv4 free pool now depleted

– ARIN received its last /8 from IANA in mid-February

• At that time, ARIN had ~5.49 /8 equivalents in its free pool

• Daily inventory published on ARIN’s web site

Inventory updated daily @ 8PM ET

Burn Rate Since IANA Depletion

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

The Obvious Question• How long will that free pool last?• ARIN doesn’t make projections• Why not?

– Past performance doesn’t always predict the future

– Potential game-changing requests– Projections are interpreted as assurances of

availability• To illustrate, here are three plausible

scenarios of ARIN’s IPv4 free pool exhaustion

View #1: The Wide-Eyed Optimist• Network operators are responsible and

will use their existing IPv4 addresses more efficiently and implement IPv6 ASAP

• We see a drop in consumption rate• Projection assumes utilization rate

observed since IANA IPv4 depletion will continue– Warning: small sample size

Projecting the recent burn rate forward, the supply might last 5 years

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

2/2/2011 2/2/2012 2/2/2013 2/2/2014 2/2/2015 2/2/2016

Recent Rate Projected Forward

Actual Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

Projected Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

View #2: Business As Usual• Network operators are pragmatic• They will continue to consume IPv4

addresses just as they did in the past• Plans for dealing with depletion of

ARIN’s IPv4 free pool are in development but will not be deployed until depletion actually occurs

• Projection assumes same burn rate as seen over the past few years

Projecting the average yearly burn rate forward, the supply might last 18 months

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Projected Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

/10 Floor

View #3: Hit The Panic Button• Network operators will act in their own

self interest• A small number of large requests shifts the

timeline dramatically• Projection assumes two hypothetical

“game-changing” requests– One ISP has an immediate need for a /8 to

be deployed over three months, another has a need for a /8+/10 to be deployed over one month

– Assume they are justified

Two game-changing requests drop the supply to 6 months

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Projected Inventory (/8 Equivalents)

/10 Floor

Large ISP uses a /8 over 3 months

Large ISP deploys a /8+/10 over 1 month

The Reality – We Have No Idea

• Network operators may:– become more efficient– continue to consume at the same rate– consume at a faster rate

• IPv4 availability cannot be guaranteedbecause IPv4 free pool exhaustion cannot be accurately predicted– Hence why you should migrate to IPv6 – Unless you intend to stop growing your

business….

IPv4 Churn • ARIN does get back IPv4 addresses

through returns, revocations, and reclamations– Return = voluntary– Revoke = for cause (usually nonpayment)– Reclaimed = fraud or business dissolution

• From 1/1/2005 to 3/31/2011, ARIN got ~585 /16 equivalents back

• Hooray!

Unfortunately, we get back far less than we issue

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Issued 1/1/2005 - 3/31/2011 Got Back 1/1/2005 - 3/31/2011

/16 Equivalents

IPv4 Holdings Profile

/16 equivalents held by Orgs with a /12 or more

/16 equivalents held by Orgs with less than a /12

1.5% of the subscriber Org IDs hold 80% of the non-legacy IPv4 addresses

The remaining 98.5% of the Org IDs hold 20% of the non-legacy IPv4 addresses

Org IDs with a /12 or more

Org IDs with less than a /12

2010 Block Size Profile

76%

24%

24% were issued as blocks /14 and smaller

76% were issued as blocks larger than /14

There were 162,644 /24s issued in 2010

Post-Depletion World• While availability of IPv4 addresses

cannot be assured, there will be ways network operators may be able to obtain additional IPv4 addresses– Transfers to Specified Recipients– Specified Transfer Listing Service (STLS)– Waiting List for Unmet IPv4 Requests

Transfers to Specified Recipients• Resources no longer required to be

under RSA• If resources are not maintained under

RSA, verification of title may take some time

• Attestation from officer required if resources not under LRSA/RSA

• RSA coverage = smoother transfer

STLS

• Previously had listers and needers

• “Facilitators” have been added –$100 annual fee for access

• Not much activity yet

2010-1: Waiting List for Unmet IPv4 Reqests• Starts when ARIN can’t fill a justified

request• Option to specify smallest acceptable

size• If no block available between

approved and smallest acceptable size, option to go on the waiting list

• May receive only one allocation every three months

Future Services• RPKI in development

– Cryptographically authenticate registration authority

• Routing registry changes– Better authentication (currently use only mail-

from)• Billing information visible through ARIN

Online– View & modify billing contact information– View payment history

Questions?