DRAFT STANDARD

ICS: 59.060.10

Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency ©ESA/ISO

ETHIOPIAN STANDARD

Ginning Factories and Incoming CottonSeeds Essential Requirements

ES 2851:2021

Second edition12-01-2021

DRAFT STANDARD

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Foreword

©ESA

This Ethiopian Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee for Textile- Fibers (TC 67) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).

This Ethiopian Standard cancels and replaces ES 2851:2006 Ginning factories and cotton seed requrements

In preparing this Ethiopian Standard reference has been made to the following: − IS: 6151 (part III), 1976 Storage Management Code;

− IS 609:1955, Code of practice for improvement of existing structure used or intended to be used for food; grains storage.

Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publication.

DRAFT STANDARD

ETHIOPIAN STANDARD ES 2851:2021

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Ginning Factories and Incoming cottonseeds Essential Requirements

1 Scope

This Ethiopian Standard specifies the requirements for incoming cottonseeds and ginning factories.

2 Normative Reference

CES 38 Cotton fibers - General requirements

ES ISO 8115 Cotton bales - Dimension and density

ES 6676 Seed Cotton Grading

3 Definitions

3.1

Cotton

Agricultural crop; harvest product; white fibers (lint) ginned (separated) from the seed.

Ginning

3.2

A separation of cotton from the seed

3.3

Cotton Ginning Factory

A pl ace w here co tton i s ginned or w here co tton f iber i s separated f rom co ttonseed by any process whatever involving the use of steam, water or other mechanical and electrical power

©ESA

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For

dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the

referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

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3.4

Bale

Any pressed and fully wrapped package of cotton with a definite size and density.

3.5

Seed cotton

shall mean raw cotton(including seeds) as removed from balls

3.6

Cotton waste

dropping of leafs stem, burs and other impurities

3.7

Cyclone

A centrifugal air pollution controlling device for separating solid particles from air stream.

4 Requirements

4.1 Site

The establishment shall be located in areas, which are free from contaminants & are not subjected to flooding.

4.1.1 The site shall be provided with adequate natural or artificial drainage system

4.1.2 The structure shall be situated near a transport head or a main road, if the structure is located in the interior, an approach road shall be provided

Informative

− There should be sufficient street parking

− The surrounding should be kept clear of rubbish, flooding or water logging, etc

− The construction in residential areas should be avoided.

4.2 Establishment for Ginning Operations

4.2.1 Walls

4.2.1.1 Walls have smooth and uncraked finish

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4.2.1.2 Walls for buildings can be made of timber (not recommended) clay bricks or blocks or masonry cement, galvanized iron, aluminium, poured-on site concrete or reinforced concrete.

4.3 Floors

4.3.1 The floors shall be asphalted or smooth finishes concrete with no cracks.

4.3.2 The floors shall be hard and water proof. Tam ped earth or ( mud floor) shall not acceptable.

4.4 Roof

4.4.1 The roof shall be sound and a good thermal insulator. If painted Galvanized corrugated iron sheets can be used for rooting.

4.4.2 The roof shall not be af fected by condensation, and immune to attack by birds or rodents and moulds.

4.4.3 All down pipes from roof gutters shall be external

4.5 Doors and Windows

4.5.1 Doors and windows shall fit the frame tightly and be free from chinks or gaps.

4.6 Ventilation

4.6.1 Adequate ventilation shall be provided to prevent excessive heat.

5 Seed cotton storage and handling

5.1 During storage seed cotton shall be packed in a separate package rather than as a

heap in order to prevent cotton color distortion.

5.2 Wrapping and packing materials shall be made of cotton material.

5.3 In t he gi nnery compound t he packe d seed co tton sh all pl aced on pa llets that m ake t he cotton free from contaminants and not subjected flooding.

5.4 The packed seed cotton shall contain tag that reflects the variety field lot num ber, l oad number and any other necessary information.

5.5 One lot seed cotton shall not contain more than 30 ton.

6 Ginning Machines and Accessories

6.1 The machine shall be properly installed to allow easy and safe separation of seed from lint cotton.

6.2 Typical cotton ginning facilities should contain at least

− Unloading system

− Seed cotton drying & cleaning system ©ESA

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− Overflow system

− Ginning & lint cleaning system

− Baling system

− Cyclone

7 Minimum space required for each operation

7.1 Incoming (seed cotton) room

− The area shall not be less than 900 m

− The capacity of the room shall contain at least 25 ton or 25 000 kg

2

7.2 Ginning machine room - the area shall not be less than 50 m2

7.2.1 Separate pressing and baling room for seeds and different types of cotton wastes

7.2.2 Separate warehouse for packing materials.

8 Lint cotton storage

The building shall comply with the requirements listed in clauses 4.2 - 4.6

8.1 Cotton bales being suscriptible to fire hazards require separate storage.

8.2 Care should be taken that no open light is allowed in the go down.

8.3 As the color of cotton changes due to moisture the commodity should not exposed to humid weather

8.4 During st orage cotton may develop heating and therefore first-in, first-out rule m ay be followed at the time of delivery of the commodity

8.5 It is essential that each consignment should be stored separately bearing the date of arrival, lot number weight, staple length & grade on stack cards etc.

8.6 In rainy seasons, all windows and ventilation should be closed. Ventilation should be given on clear days.

8.7 The godown shall be rodent proof

8.8 Automatic fire hyd rants should be pr ovided i n t he godown where co tton bales are t o be stored as it is very difficult to carry the other fire fighting equipment inside the godown when fire takes place & bales start breaking due to heat expansion.

8.9 Stack heights

Cotton bales Stack height bales

Approximate Height inmeters

Manual handling 14 3.5 Mechanical handling 22 5.5

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9 Office and/or inspection room, toilet, shower etc

Though these facilities are important for ginning factories the company itself can determine its design specification.

10 Labeling and marking

10.1 The necessary facilities shall be provided to mark or label the lint cotton bale according to the relevant Ethiopian Standard (ES)

10.2 Calibrated balances with appropriate capacity shall be provided.

Informative

− Marking/labeling can be done right away after pressing and baling

− Hand - trucks or trolley should be made available for moving bales

11 Inspection

Seed cotton shall be inspected at the time of receiving and Lint cotton after ginning

To ca rry out ef fective qual ity inspection on seed co tton and L int co tton the following facilities shall be made available.

− Well trained personnel's

− conditioned inspection/testing room

− Standards, specifying methods for sampling and inspection

− Polyethylene bags for collecting samples

− The nece ssary testing equi pments (Shirley analyzer, mostio meter, fineness testing machine, ruler with inch and mm scales etc)

− Calibrated sensitive balances and weights

− Log book for recording test results

Informative

Mud walls and floors are not recommended

12 Sanitary Requirements

− There shall be appropriate waste (impurities) handling and disposal system

− There shall be an effective and continuous programme for the control of pests

− Pesticides which may represents a haz ard t o heal th shall be labeled with a warning note about their use and toxicity

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− Pesticides should be stored in cool, dry and well ventilated rooms

− A permanent cleaning schedule should be drown for each establishment inclouding the coumpound,machinaries, accessories and other materials.

13 Maintenance

− There should be a written sch edule for t he preventive maintenance of machines & accessories

14 Safety Requirements

− Fire f ighting equipment such as fire extinguisher (C02) and/or high pressure water l ines shall be installed at appropriate and convenient place;

− The operators should wear eye-shields and respirators and gloves;

− Moving parts of machines should be protected;

− All concerned workers shall be trained on the operation or use of safety equipment;

− Regular checks of fire fighting equipment should be carried out.

15 Records and documentation

Test results, complaints, training, calibration, etc essential to the a accomplishment of work should be maintained and properly documented.

©ESA

DRAFT STANDARD

The Head Office of ESA is at Addis Ababa.

011- 646 06 85, 011- 646 05 65 011-646 08 80 2310 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail: info@ethiostandards.org, Website: www.ethiostandards.org

Organization and Objectives

The Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA) is the national standards body of Ethiopia established in 2010 based on regulation No. 193/2010.ESA is established due to the restructuring of Quality and Standards Authority o f Ethiopia ( QSAE) which was established in 1998.

ESA’s objectives are:-

Develop Ethiopian standards and establish a system that enable to check whether goods and services are in compliance with the required standards,

Facilitat the country’s technology transfer through the use of standards,

Develop national standards for local products and services so as to make them competitive in the international market.

Ethiopian Standards

The Ethiopian Standards are developed by national technical committees which are composed of different stakeholders consisting of educational institutions, research institutes, government organizations, certification, inspection, and testing organizations, regulatory bodies, consumer association etc. The requirements and/ or recommendations contained in Ethiopian Standards are consensus based that reflects the interest of the TC representatives and also of comments received from the public and other sources. Ethiopian Standards are approved by the National Standardization Council and are kept under continuous review after publication and updated regularly to take account of latest scientific and technological changes. Orders for all Ethiopian Standards, International Standard and ASTM standards, including electronic versions, should be addressed to the Documentation and Publication Team at the Head office and Branch (Liaisons) offices. A catalogue of Ethiopian Standards is also available freely and can be accessed in from our website.

ESA has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ESA. International Involvement ESA, representing Ethiopia, is a member of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO), and Codex Alimentarius Commission ( CODEX). It also maintains close working relations with the international Electro-technical Commission (IEC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).It is a founding member of the African Regional Organization for standardization (ARSO).

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