Islamic WorldIslamic World

Islamic Era - ChronologyIslamic Era - Chronology 570 CE – Birth of Muhammed, founder of Islam570 CE – Birth of Muhammed, founder of Islam 610 CE – Muhammed’s vision that creates Islam 610 CE – Muhammed’s vision that creates Islam

(Archangel Gabriel comes to him)(Archangel Gabriel comes to him) 622 CE – Muhammed leaves Mecca for Medina and 622 CE – Muhammed leaves Mecca for Medina and

begins gaining converts – this event is known as the begins gaining converts – this event is known as the Hegira (Hajj)Hegira (Hajj)

630 CE – Muhammed and followers return to Mecca and 630 CE – Muhammed and followers return to Mecca and overtakes the city – the Kabah is set up as major Islamic overtakes the city – the Kabah is set up as major Islamic shrineshrine

632 CE – Death of Muhammed, his father-in-law Abu – 632 CE – Death of Muhammed, his father-in-law Abu – Bakhr takes over and creates the title caliph; begins the Bakhr takes over and creates the title caliph; begins the creation of an empire of Islam by conquering neighboring creation of an empire of Islam by conquering neighboring lands. At Abu-Bakhr’s death Umar takes over as caliph. lands. At Abu-Bakhr’s death Umar takes over as caliph. Muslims divide into many subgroups.Muslims divide into many subgroups.

Islamic Era - ChronologyIslamic Era - Chronology 718 CE – Spain is under Muslim control718 CE – Spain is under Muslim control 734 CE – Battle of Poitiers – Muslim spread is stopped 734 CE – Battle of Poitiers – Muslim spread is stopped

by Charles Martel of Franceby Charles Martel of France 762 – 766 CE – The Abbasid Dynasty takes over from 762 – 766 CE – The Abbasid Dynasty takes over from

Umayyads (except in Spain) and move capital from Umayyads (except in Spain) and move capital from Damascus to BaghdadDamascus to Baghdad

788 – 879 CE – Several countries break free from 788 – 879 CE – Several countries break free from caliphate and set up individual kingdoms and dynastiescaliphate and set up individual kingdoms and dynasties

879 CE – Seljuk Turks begin conquest of Mesopotamia 879 CE – Seljuk Turks begin conquest of Mesopotamia and Persiaand Persia

900 CE – Fatimids take over in Egypt and conquer all of 900 CE – Fatimids take over in Egypt and conquer all of North AfricaNorth Africa

Islamic Era - ChronologyIslamic Era - Chronology 945 CE – Abbasid power falls to the Shiites945 CE – Abbasid power falls to the Shiites 969 – 1171 CE – Fatimid Dynasty recreates a 969 – 1171 CE – Fatimid Dynasty recreates a

smaller version of the Caliphate in Egyptsmaller version of the Caliphate in Egypt 1037 – 1194 CE – Seljuk Turk Dynasty1037 – 1194 CE – Seljuk Turk Dynasty 1077 CE – Seljuk Turks conquer most of Arabia, 1077 CE – Seljuk Turks conquer most of Arabia,

Palestine, Syria, LebanonPalestine, Syria, Lebanon 1099 CE – Crusades begun against Muslims in 1099 CE – Crusades begun against Muslims in

the Holy Land by Pope Urbanthe Holy Land by Pope Urban 1187 CE – Saladin ends Western control of Holy 1187 CE – Saladin ends Western control of Holy

Land (Outremer) after Battle of HattinLand (Outremer) after Battle of Hattin

Islamic Era - ChronologyIslamic Era - Chronology 1248 CE – Muslims lose control of most of Spain except 1248 CE – Muslims lose control of most of Spain except

area around Granadaarea around Granada 1251 CE – Malmuk Dynasty takes over caliphate in 1251 CE – Malmuk Dynasty takes over caliphate in

EgyptEgypt 1258 CE – Abbasid Dynasty is completely wiped out by 1258 CE – Abbasid Dynasty is completely wiped out by

Mongol invasionMongol invasion 1327 CE – Seljuk Empire collapses; Arab world splits 1327 CE – Seljuk Empire collapses; Arab world splits

into several kingdomsinto several kingdoms 1453 CE – Ottoman Empire defeats the Byzantine 1453 CE – Ottoman Empire defeats the Byzantine

Empire; move capital to Istanbul (Constantinople)Empire; move capital to Istanbul (Constantinople) 1492 CE – Muslims completely expelled from Spain1492 CE – Muslims completely expelled from Spain

5 Pillars of Faith – (Sunni)5 Pillars of Faith – (Sunni) 1) Shahadah – profession of faith – “There is no God but Allah, and 1) Shahadah – profession of faith – “There is no God but Allah, and

Muhammad is his messenger”Muhammad is his messenger” 2) Salah – ritual prayer done 5x a day at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, 2) Salah – ritual prayer done 5x a day at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon,

sunset and eveningsunset and evening 3) Zakat – giving to the poor – everyone must give something 3) Zakat – giving to the poor – everyone must give something

depending on what they earndepending on what they earn 4) Sawm – fasting during month of Ramadan – refraining from food, 4) Sawm – fasting during month of Ramadan – refraining from food,

drink and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk each day of the drink and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk each day of the month – also supposed to get along with others better and get month – also supposed to get along with others better and get closer to Allah during this time (there are exceptions for health, etc.)closer to Allah during this time (there are exceptions for health, etc.)

5) Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca – every able bodied Muslim must 5) Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca – every able bodied Muslim must make the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime – must walk make the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime – must walk around the Kaaba 7 times, touch the stone and symbolically throw around the Kaaba 7 times, touch the stone and symbolically throw rocks at the devilrocks at the devil

In Shiite Islam there are the additional pillars of Jihad (personal In Shiite Islam there are the additional pillars of Jihad (personal struggle against Islam’s enemies) and Khum (giving a tithe to the struggle against Islam’s enemies) and Khum (giving a tithe to the Imam)Imam)

Additional ComponentAdditional Component Jihad- Important concept in both Sunni and Shia Jihad- Important concept in both Sunni and Shia

Islam, signifies a struggle. Two types, the Islam, signifies a struggle. Two types, the struggle within (which the Qu’ran deals mainly struggle within (which the Qu’ran deals mainly with), and the struggle (wars of religion) without. with), and the struggle (wars of religion) without. Shia consider the inner Jihad an essential Shia consider the inner Jihad an essential element of the faith.element of the faith.

Jihad is often misused in terminology and in its Jihad is often misused in terminology and in its purpose. Terrorist group Al-Qaida is a Sunni purpose. Terrorist group Al-Qaida is a Sunni organization.organization.

Sufism Sufism Sufism, the mystical tradition of Islam, dates back to Sufism, the mystical tradition of Islam, dates back to

Muhammad’s lifetimeMuhammad’s lifetime Forms of Sufism are found in both Sunni and Shi’a IslamForms of Sufism are found in both Sunni and Shi’a Islam Sufism has often stood in contrast to more legalistically Sufism has often stood in contrast to more legalistically

oriented approaches to Islamic life, to the extent that oriented approaches to Islamic life, to the extent that some orthodox Sunnis do not consider Sufis to be some orthodox Sunnis do not consider Sufis to be MuslimMuslim

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gnWxiy44fA – Urdu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gnWxiy44fA – Urdu Sufi SongSufi Song

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_Cf-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_Cf-ZxDfZA&feature=related - DervishesZxDfZA&feature=related - Dervishes

Other Branches of IslamOther Branches of Islam

Wahhabi (Wahabi) – sect in 1700s that Wahhabi (Wahabi) – sect in 1700s that believed any forms of Islam after the 900s believed any forms of Islam after the 900s were wrong and need to be expunged, led were wrong and need to be expunged, led to many jihad’s against the Sunni’s in to many jihad’s against the Sunni’s in particular.particular.

Against ostentation so no minarets on Against ostentation so no minarets on mosques and only plain clothing allowedmosques and only plain clothing allowed

An orthodox, traditionalist branchAn orthodox, traditionalist branch

Other branches of IslamOther branches of Islam Ismailis – form of Shia, accepts 12 Imams, split on 6Ismailis – form of Shia, accepts 12 Imams, split on 6 thth Imam Imam

and successionand succession Druze – offshoot of Ismaili sect, that promotes gnostic Druze – offshoot of Ismaili sect, that promotes gnostic

philosophy, they believe the Fatimid Caliph will return on philosophy, they believe the Fatimid Caliph will return on Judgment Day as the MahdiJudgment Day as the Mahdi

Ahmadiyya – founded in 1889, claim Mahdi came and his Ahmadiyya – founded in 1889, claim Mahdi came and his descendants are the caliphs in Indiadescendants are the caliphs in India

Hashashin – “Assassins;” an order of Ismailis that were Hashashin – “Assassins;” an order of Ismailis that were trained killers meant to harass the Sunnis and others whom trained killers meant to harass the Sunnis and others whom they considered heretics; rumors of the use of hashish to they considered heretics; rumors of the use of hashish to prepare them for their suicide missions and the promises of prepare them for their suicide missions and the promises of direct passage to heaven with wine and womendirect passage to heaven with wine and women

Other branches of IslamOther branches of Islam Kharijite – only surviving sect is the Ibadi; claim the Imam must be Kharijite – only surviving sect is the Ibadi; claim the Imam must be

pure spiritually and stand fast in their faith; some Imams not acceptedpure spiritually and stand fast in their faith; some Imams not accepted Ahl-e Haqq – believe that god continuously manifests himself in Ahl-e Haqq – believe that god continuously manifests himself in

reincarnations throughout time; world is divided into 2 – internal and reincarnations throughout time; world is divided into 2 – internal and externalexternal

Mahdavism – monastic version of Islam; focus on prayer and Mahdavism – monastic version of Islam; focus on prayer and meditationmeditation

Moorish Science – founded in 1913 in America; claims all African Moorish Science – founded in 1913 in America; claims all African Americans are originally Moors and therefore should be MuslimAmericans are originally Moors and therefore should be Muslim

Nation of Islam – founded in Detroit in 1930; believes Fard Nation of Islam – founded in Detroit in 1930; believes Fard Muhammad was God on earth; “taking back the true place of the Muhammad was God on earth; “taking back the true place of the black man and woman;” considered heretical by most other Muslimsblack man and woman;” considered heretical by most other Muslims

Other Branches of IslamOther Branches of Islam Babs/Baha’i – followers of Shiraz, who claimed to be Mahdi Babs/Baha’i – followers of Shiraz, who claimed to be Mahdi

(Messiah) and changed his name to “The Bab”; broke away (Messiah) and changed his name to “The Bab”; broke away from mainstream Islam, and was executed in Iran in 1850; from mainstream Islam, and was executed in Iran in 1850; teaches humanity is one single race all coming from Godteaches humanity is one single race all coming from God

Sikhs – combination of Islam and Hinduism that rejects both Sikhs – combination of Islam and Hinduism that rejects both religions policies of discrimination; equality of all humansreligions policies of discrimination; equality of all humans

Nuwaubu – originally a sect of Islam; now more of a New Nuwaubu – originally a sect of Islam; now more of a New Age cult, believes extraterrestrial beings speak through Age cult, believes extraterrestrial beings speak through their founder Malachi York and reveal God’s plan; use their founder Malachi York and reveal God’s plan; use ancient Egyptian and Sumerian texts to prove it.ancient Egyptian and Sumerian texts to prove it.

A famous law from the QuranA famous law from the Quran

5.38. 5.38. As to the thief, Male or female, cut As to the thief, Male or female, cut off his or her hands: a punishment by off his or her hands: a punishment by way of exampleway of example, from Allah, for their , from Allah, for their crime: and Allah is Exalted in power.crime: and Allah is Exalted in power.

On WomenOn Women Sura 4:3 says: “ And if you be apprehensive that you will not be able Sura 4:3 says: “ And if you be apprehensive that you will not be able

to do justice to the orphans, you may marry two or three or four to do justice to the orphans, you may marry two or three or four women whom you choose. But if you apprehend that you might not women whom you choose. But if you apprehend that you might not be able to do justice to them, then marry only one wife, or marry be able to do justice to them, then marry only one wife, or marry those who have fallen in your possession.” those who have fallen in your possession.”

Sura 4:34 says “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, Sura 4:34 says “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)“ Most High, great (above you all)“

On suicide and killingOn suicide and killing ““And do not kill yourselves, God is merciful with you. And whosoever does that (kills self) with And do not kill yourselves, God is merciful with you. And whosoever does that (kills self) with

aggression and inequity, we will make them suffer in Hell fire, and this is easy for God to do” (29-aggression and inequity, we will make them suffer in Hell fire, and this is easy for God to do” (29-30, 4).30, 4).

““He who kills a person without (the latter) having killed another person, it is as if he has killed all of He who kills a person without (the latter) having killed another person, it is as if he has killed all of humanity, and he who makes one person survive, it is as if he has caused all humanity to survive” humanity, and he who makes one person survive, it is as if he has caused all humanity to survive” (32,5)(32,5)

"The person who participates in (Holy battles) in Allah's cause "The person who participates in (Holy battles) in Allah's cause and nothing compels him to do and nothing compels him to do so except belief in Allah and His Apostlesso except belief in Allah and His Apostles, will be recompensed by Allah either with a reward, , will be recompensed by Allah either with a reward, or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to Paradise (if he is killed in the battle as a martyr). or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to Paradise (if he is killed in the battle as a martyr). Had I not found it difficult for my followers, then I would not remain behind any sariya going for Had I not found it difficult for my followers, then I would not remain behind any sariya going for Jihad and I would have loved to be martyred in Allah's cause and then made alive, and then Jihad and I would have loved to be martyred in Allah's cause and then made alive, and then martyred and then made alive, and then again martyred in His cause." martyred and then made alive, and then again martyred in His cause."

Whoever purposely throws himself from a mountain and kills himself, will be in the (Hell) Fire Whoever purposely throws himself from a mountain and kills himself, will be in the (Hell) Fire falling down into it and abiding therein perpetually forever; and whoever drinks poison and kills falling down into it and abiding therein perpetually forever; and whoever drinks poison and kills himself with it, he will be carrying his poison in his hand and drinking it in the (Hell) Fire wherein he himself with it, he will be carrying his poison in his hand and drinking it in the (Hell) Fire wherein he will abide eternally forever; and whoever kills himself with an iron weapon, will be carrying that will abide eternally forever; and whoever kills himself with an iron weapon, will be carrying that weapon in his hand and stabbing his abdomen with it in the (Hell) Fire wherein he will abide weapon in his hand and stabbing his abdomen with it in the (Hell) Fire wherein he will abide eternally forever." eternally forever."

The Quran on Christians and JewsThe Quran on Christians and Jews 5.51. O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends 5.51. O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends

and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust. not a people unjust.

5.57. O ye who believe! take not for friends and protectors those who take your religion for a mockery or sport,- 5.57. O ye who believe! take not for friends and protectors those who take your religion for a mockery or sport,- whether among those who received the Scripture before you, or among those who reject Faith; but fear ye Allah, if whether among those who received the Scripture before you, or among those who reject Faith; but fear ye Allah, if ye have faith (indeed). ye have faith (indeed).

5.60. Say: "Shall I point out to you something much worse than this, (as judged) by the treatment it received from 5.60. Say: "Shall I point out to you something much worse than this, (as judged) by the treatment it received from Allah. those [people of the Book (Jews and Christians)] who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath, those of Allah. those [people of the Book (Jews and Christians)] who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath, those of whom some He transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped evil;- these are (many times) worse in whom some He transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped evil;- these are (many times) worse in rank, and far more astray from the even path!" rank, and far more astray from the even path!"

5.64. The Jews say: "(Allah)'s hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) 5.64. The Jews say: "(Allah)'s hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) they utter. Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. they utter. Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time they kindle the blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time they kindle the fire of war, Allah doth extinguish it; but they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth. And Allah loveth not those who do fire of war, Allah doth extinguish it; but they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth. And Allah loveth not those who do mischief. mischief.

5.69. Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the 5.69. Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. shall they grieve.

5.72. They do blaspheme who say: "(Allah) is Christ the son of Mary." But said Christ: "O Children of Israel! 5.72. They do blaspheme who say: "(Allah) is Christ the son of Mary." But said Christ: "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the garden, Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the garden, and the Fire will be his abode.and the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.

5.73. They do blaspheme who say: Allah is one of three in a Trinity: for there is no god except One Allah. If they 5.73. They do blaspheme who say: Allah is one of three in a Trinity: for there is no god except One Allah. If they desist not from their word (of blasphemy), verily a grievous penalty will befall the blasphemers among them. desist not from their word (of blasphemy), verily a grievous penalty will befall the blasphemers among them.

5.74. Why turn they not to Allah, and seek His forgiveness? For Allah is Oft- forgiving, Most Merciful. 5.74. Why turn they not to Allah, and seek His forgiveness? For Allah is Oft- forgiving, Most Merciful. 5.75. Christ the son of Mary was no more than an apostle; many were the apostles that passed away before him. 5.75. Christ the son of Mary was no more than an apostle; many were the apostles that passed away before him.

His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how Allah doth make His signs clear His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how Allah doth make His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth! to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!

5.82. Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans; and nearest among 5.82. Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans; and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, "We are Christians": because amongst these are men them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, "We are Christians": because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant.devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant.

The Virgin MythThe Virgin Myth The Quran never mentions 72 virgins (it is in a Hadith (Islamic traditional The Quran never mentions 72 virgins (it is in a Hadith (Islamic traditional

writings)writings) The virgins mentioned in the Quran are for all Muslims, not just martyrsThe virgins mentioned in the Quran are for all Muslims, not just martyrs "Dark-eyed virgins sheltered in their tents (which of your Lord's blessings "Dark-eyed virgins sheltered in their tents (which of your Lord's blessings

would you deny?) whom neither man nor jinnee will have touched before." would you deny?) whom neither man nor jinnee will have touched before." "The Prophet Muhammad was heard saying: 'The smallest reward for the "The Prophet Muhammad was heard saying: 'The smallest reward for the

people of paradise is an abode where there are 80,000 servants and 72 people of paradise is an abode where there are 80,000 servants and 72 wives, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine, and wives, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine, and ruby, as wide as the distance from Al-Jabiyyah [a Damascus suburb] to ruby, as wide as the distance from Al-Jabiyyah [a Damascus suburb] to Sana'a [Yemen]'." Sana'a [Yemen]'."

The word “hur” or Al-hur” can be translated in many ways, as hand The word “hur” or Al-hur” can be translated in many ways, as hand maidens (female servants); dark eyed virgins; voluptuous women or maidens (female servants); dark eyed virgins; voluptuous women or “white pure raisins” and according to scholars, the use in the Hadith “white pure raisins” and according to scholars, the use in the Hadith was meant for raisins….was meant for raisins….

Islamic TermsIslamic Terms Islam – submission to Allah (god)Islam – submission to Allah (god) Muslim – one who submits to the will of AllahMuslim – one who submits to the will of Allah Hajj – pilgrimage to MeccaHajj – pilgrimage to Mecca Imam – religious leaderImam – religious leader Quran (Koran) – Muslim Holy BookQuran (Koran) – Muslim Holy Book Sura – chapter in the QuranSura – chapter in the Quran Hegira (hajira) – the trip from Mecca to MedinaHegira (hajira) – the trip from Mecca to Medina Qiyama – Day of JudgmentQiyama – Day of Judgment Jannah - heavenJannah - heaven

Islamic Art CharacteristicsIslamic Art Characteristics

Geometric PatternsGeometric Patterns No icons, rare animalsNo icons, rare animals Heavy use of plasterworkHeavy use of plasterwork Quotations from Koran used as art – Quotations from Koran used as art –

calligraphycalligraphy Plain interiorsPlain interiors Water is used as a way to show off wealthWater is used as a way to show off wealth

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Dome of the RockDome of the Rock 680 - 692 CE680 - 692 CE Jerusalem, IsraelJerusalem, Israel Earliest major Islamic Earliest major Islamic

buildingbuilding Jerusalem is 3Jerusalem is 3rdrd

holiest city to Muslimsholiest city to Muslims

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Interior of Dome of the RockInterior of Dome of the Rock 690 CE690 CE Jerusalem, IsraelJerusalem, Israel Interior is heavily decorated for Interior is heavily decorated for

an Islamic buildingan Islamic building The rock in the center marks The rock in the center marks

the alleged place where the alleged place where Abraham was going to Abraham was going to sacrifice his first born son; it is sacrifice his first born son; it is also the alleged place where also the alleged place where Muhammed was taken by Muhammed was taken by Gabriel on a mi’raj (spiritual Gabriel on a mi’raj (spiritual journey) to visit heaven and journey) to visit heaven and hell hell

Islamic Art – Dome of the RockIslamic Art – Dome of the Rock

Great Mosque

Damascus, Syria

706-715

Islamic. The Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria. Islamic. The Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria. Courtyard. 706-15.Courtyard. 706-15.

Islamic. Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria. Detail: Islamic. Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria. Detail: Mosaic decoration. 715.Mosaic decoration. 715.

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Cordoba MosqueCordoba Mosque 786786 Cordoba, SpainCordoba, Spain Begun by Abd-al RahmanBegun by Abd-al Rahman Umayyad Dynasty in Umayyad Dynasty in

Spain’s influence is seen Spain’s influence is seen here here

It is considered a It is considered a masterpiece of Islamic masterpiece of Islamic architecturearchitecture

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Interior of La Mezquita Interior of La Mezquita

(Great Mosque of (Great Mosque of Cordoba)Cordoba)

88thth – 10 – 10thth C. CE C. CE Cordoba, SpainCordoba, Spain Typical Arab style Typical Arab style

hypostyle hallhypostyle hall Horseshoe arcades Horseshoe arcades

decorate interior making decorate interior making this one of the most this one of the most beautiful mosques in the beautiful mosques in the worldworld

Dome in front of the mihrabof the Great Mosque

Córdoba, Spain

961-965

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Mosque of Sulayman IIMosque of Sulayman II 1550 – 1557 CE1550 – 1557 CE Istanbul, TurkeyIstanbul, Turkey Artist: SinanArtist: Sinan This is an enormous This is an enormous

Ottoman imperial mosque Ottoman imperial mosque – to compete with – to compete with Christian churches in the Christian churches in the areaarea

Has courtyard with Has courtyard with central fountaincentral fountain

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Interior Mosque of Interior Mosque of

SulaymanSulayman 1550- 15571550- 1557 Istanbul, TurkeyIstanbul, Turkey Artist: SinanArtist: Sinan Vast open space Vast open space

created by domescreated by domes Limited decoration as Limited decoration as

Islamic law prohibits Islamic law prohibits idols and idolatryidols and idolatry

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Interior Mosque of Interior Mosque of

Sulayman IISulayman II 1550 – 1557 CE1550 – 1557 CE Istanbul, TurkeyIstanbul, Turkey SinanSinan The dome is supported The dome is supported

by 8 piersby 8 piers It is over 197 ft highIt is over 197 ft high The structural The structural

components are the focus components are the focus rather than being hiddenrather than being hidden

Malwiya minaret of the Great Mosque

Samarra, Iraq

ca. 848-852

When rediscovered by Western archaeologists they believed it to be the Tower of Babel in error

Malwiya minaret and Great Mosque

Samarra, Iraq

ca. 848-852

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Court of the LionsCourt of the Lions 1414thth century CE century CE Granada, SpainGranada, Spain Located on the Located on the

grounds of the grounds of the AlhambraAlhambra

The Nasrid Dynasty The Nasrid Dynasty built this to show built this to show wealth with the use of wealth with the use of waterwater

Muqarnas dome, hall of the Two SistersAlahambra Palace

Granada, Spain

1354-1391

Mausoleum of the Samanids

Bukhara, Uzbekistan

early 10th century

Despite Islamic prohibitions about extravagant burials – the Samanid rulers built great monuments to death

Madrasa-mosque-mausoleum complex of Sultan Hasan

Cairo, Egypt

1356-1363

Considered best of its kind

Qibla wall, main iwanMadrasa-mosque-mausoleum complex of Sultan Hasan

Cairo, Egypt

1356-1363

Qibla wall helps point faithful in right direction for prayer in any mosque

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Shah-namah book Shah-namah book

pagepage 1562 – 15831562 – 1583 Persia (Iran)Persia (Iran) Book was written by Book was written by

FirdawsiFirdawsi It is a work of 60,000 It is a work of 60,000

couplets couplets

Courtyard of the Great Mosque

Isfahan, Iran

11th to 17th centuries

Dome of the Shah Mosque

Isfahan, Iran

1611-1638

Islamic ArtIslamic Art KaabaKaaba Traditional dating c. Traditional dating c.

2000 BCE, rebuilt 2000 BCE, rebuilt 620-630 CE620-630 CE

Mecca, Saudi ArabiaMecca, Saudi Arabia Holiest spot in the Holiest spot in the

world to Muslimsworld to Muslims Black stone insideBlack stone inside

Islamic. The Kaaba, center of the Haram Mosque, Islamic. The Kaaba, center of the Haram Mosque, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Last rebuilt 1631.Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Last rebuilt 1631.

KaabaKaaba

Islamic. Islamic. Muhammad Placing the Black Stone on His CloakMuhammad Placing the Black Stone on His Cloak, from , from Rashid al-Din’s Jami al-TawarikhRashid al-Din’s Jami al-Tawarikh ( (Universal HistoryUniversal History), copied and ), copied and

illustrated at Tabriz, Iran. 1315.illustrated at Tabriz, Iran. 1315.5-1/8" × 10-1/4".5-1/8" × 10-1/4".

Islamic ArtIslamic Art Al Masjid Al NabawiAl Masjid Al Nabawi 77thth-13-13thth centuries CE centuries CE Medina, Saudi ArabiaMedina, Saudi Arabia Tomb of Mohammed Tomb of Mohammed

can be found under can be found under the green domethe green dome

AKA – Dome of the AKA – Dome of the ProphetProphet

Originally his houseOriginally his house

Map: The Trans-Saharan trade routes, ca. 1350.

Eastern façade of Friday Mosque

Djenne, Mali

13th century, rebuilt 1906-07

Islamic ArtIslamic Art

Islamic ArtIslamic Art

Creating a culture of fearCreating a culture of fear http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ib9rofXQl6w – 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ib9rofXQl6w – 3

Things About IslamThings About Islam http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=fHlb5FB26Lo&NR=1&feature=fvwp – Islam v=fHlb5FB26Lo&NR=1&feature=fvwp – Islam World TakeoverWorld Takeover

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxpZDlvtOm8&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA03BDv=SxpZDlvtOm8&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA03BD1C50DB50487&lf=results_main – Mr Deity and 1C50DB50487&lf=results_main – Mr Deity and MatterMatter

Islamic ArtIslamic Art

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